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　　俗話(huà)說(shuō)：“亂世黃金盛世藏。”隨著收藏市場(chǎng)的日益火爆，古瓷器作為中國(guó)歷史文化的重要組成部分已成為收藏界的第一大門(mén)類(lèi)，但你知道怎樣去辨別古瓷器的真?zhèn)螁?那么下面一起來(lái)看看學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家精心推薦的古瓷收藏如何辨別真?zhèn)?，希望能夠?qū)δ兴鶐椭?/p><h2> 　　古瓷器辨別真?zhèn)蔚姆椒?/h2><p> 　　一是“懂行”。瓷器是由中國(guó)古代首先發(fā)明并長(zhǎng)期燒造后傳遍世界各地的器皿。中國(guó)瓷器的制作歷史悠久、窯口眾多，產(chǎn)量極大，除了歷代流傳下來(lái)的傳世品外，地下出土物中要數(shù)瓷器最為豐富。瓷主要產(chǎn)地有以生產(chǎn)青花、玲瓏、粉彩、顏色釉四大傳統(tǒng)名瓷聞名的瓷都江西景德鎮(zhèn)，有以釉下五彩裝飾美術(shù)瓷而聞名的湖南醴陵，有生產(chǎn)雨點(diǎn)釉和發(fā)展刻瓷藝術(shù)的山東淄博，生產(chǎn)花釉和象牙瓷的河北邯鄲，生產(chǎn)白瓷的福建德化，生產(chǎn)青瓷的浙江龍泉，生產(chǎn)釉上彩花瓷的廣東潮州，生產(chǎn)仿南宋官窯藝術(shù)瓷的浙江蕭山等。古瓷作為商品，價(jià)格并非越高越好，這需要認(rèn)真加以鑒別，比如釉下彩和青花，要看畫(huà)功是否熟練、清晰，色澤是否瑩潤(rùn)、透明，釉下裝飾注重工筆式寫(xiě)意，必須是手工繪制，不是印花、貼花，而且顏色要光亮。對(duì)陳設(shè)藝術(shù)陶瓷的選購(gòu)，既要看整體效果，也要仔細(xì)察看器形是否周正，有無(wú)變形，釉面是否光潔，色度有無(wú)異樣。</p><p> 　　二是“慎淘”。大多數(shù)古瓷收藏者喜歡從舊貨古玩市場(chǎng)上“淘寶”，其實(shí)，這是一種誤區(qū)。就整個(gè)瓷器收藏界來(lái)說(shuō)，珍貴古瓷數(shù)量是較少的，很早以前便受到人們的珍視，如官窯、汝窯、哥窯這些珍品瓷器，目前國(guó)內(nèi)外的存世量幾乎都有數(shù)可查，因其十分珍貴，即便收藏大家也不易得之。如元青花瓷在元代燒造較少，當(dāng)時(shí)燒制元青花用進(jìn)口青料，成本是很昂貴的，民間能用得起這種高檔瓷器的為數(shù)甚少，主要是祭祀用器，因此遺存極少。但元青花在20世紀(jì)30年代被發(fā)現(xiàn)認(rèn)識(shí)以來(lái)，聲名遠(yuǎn)播，人人皆知其珍稀名貴，所以如果在地?cái)偦蚺f貨市場(chǎng)上發(fā)現(xiàn)了它的蹤影，實(shí)屬可疑，收藏者一定要慎之又慎。</p><p> 　　三是“心悟”?，F(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，有很多收藏者常常拿著古瓷鑒定理論書(shū)籍去“按圖索驥”。目前，古瓷收藏方面的理論書(shū)籍和相關(guān)資料比較多，仿偽者往往依據(jù)這些資料描述的特征和圖片進(jìn)行仿制。因此這些書(shū)籍只能幫助我們了解古瓷的相關(guān)知識(shí)，于實(shí)際收藏活動(dòng)的指導(dǎo)意義并不太大，收藏者不要受這些書(shū)籍和資料的誤導(dǎo)。作為成熟的古瓷收藏者，要學(xué)會(huì)用心、理性地去品味古瓷，依據(jù)自己掌握的瓷器鑒別方面知識(shí)，包括看器型、胎、釉、紋飾、老化等方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，去辨識(shí)真?zhèn)?，沙里淘金?/p><p> 　　四是“求品”。收藏界有句“行話(huà)”：“瓷器一破，不值半個(gè);瓷口起毛，不值分毫。”意即瓷器沒(méi)有好的品相，其價(jià)值就會(huì)大打折扣。因此，收藏的古瓷要基本完整，不能有沖、炸、磕、崩、掉彩等明顯的毛病。古瓷收藏還講求藝術(shù)性，瓷器看上去要有美感，不能是粗糙的、低檔的;制作工藝要精，彩繪紋飾要美觀(guān)，色彩搭配要妥當(dāng)，審美情趣要高雅，這樣才能稱(chēng)得上是藝術(shù)品收藏。</p><p> 　　跳動(dòng)的窯火鑄造了中華民族智慧的歷史和人類(lèi)永恒之美。在古瓷這個(gè)色彩繽紛的世界里，中國(guó)人的聰明才智與東方民族獨(dú)特的審美意趣得到了和諧完美的統(tǒng)一?？梢哉f(shuō)，在這樣一個(gè)充滿(mǎn)魅力的空間體味收藏之樂(lè)，確實(shí)是人生一大快事。希望廣大收藏者在收藏活動(dòng)中學(xué)、賞、藏相結(jié)合，練就一雙“火眼金睛”，豐富自己的收藏人生。</p><h2> 　　定窯鑒賞的方法</h2><p> 　　定窯也為宋代五大名窯之一，窯址在今河北省曲陽(yáng)澗滋村及東西燕村，宋代屬定州，故名。創(chuàng)燒于唐，極盛于北宋及金，終于元，以產(chǎn)白瓷著稱(chēng)，兼燒黑釉、醬釉和釉瓷，文獻(xiàn)分別稱(chēng)其為“黑定”、“紫定”和“綠定”。相比其他四大名窯，定窯瓷器存世量較多。定瓷雖有過(guò)給宮廷燒造瓷器的經(jīng)歷，但時(shí)間很短，因此精品不多。</p><p> 　　要有玉質(zhì)感。宋代制瓷追求玉質(zhì)效應(yīng)，以有玉質(zhì)感的為上品，特別是作為宮廷燒造的瓷品，更是必須要燒出玉質(zhì)感來(lái)的。因此，一件定瓷器物上手(無(wú)論是白定，還是色釉定都是如此)，首先要看有無(wú)玉質(zhì)感?真品應(yīng)是釉水瑩潤(rùn)，富有靈動(dòng)之氣，就如白玉一般的。仿品因胎釉原料和燒造溫度等不易掌握，很難燒出玉質(zhì)感來(lái)。一般都是氣韻呆滯、釉色蒼白，無(wú)玉質(zhì)感可言。個(gè)別能燒出玉質(zhì)感來(lái)，但常見(jiàn)色彩顯新，有火爆之感。</p><p> 　　釉色如象牙之白。五代之后，定窯器施釉前已不施化妝土了。所施白釉的釉水為白中閃黃，所以釉面之色呈所謂的“象牙白”色。少數(shù)質(zhì)差的釉為白中微閃灰黃。白定釉面呈半透明狀，因?yàn)槭┯暂^薄，所以薄處能隱約看到胎色。在器物的折腰處可見(jiàn)積釉呈淺淺的黃綠色。積釉處氣泡稀疏通透，大小不一。這也是一個(gè)鑒識(shí)時(shí)要注意的要點(diǎn)。仿品因掌握不了定窯特定的燒成氣氛，故難以燒出“象牙白”的釉色來(lái)。釉色常不是偏白就是偏黃，在器物折腰處也難見(jiàn)淺黃綠色。</p><p> 　　要見(jiàn)“竹絲刷痕”。定窯的制胎工藝中，在胎半干之時(shí)，有用竹絲刷子旋修這一道工藝，因此在胎面上就留有一些“竹絲刷痕”。定窯因?yàn)槭┯暂^薄，燒成后，在釉薄處透過(guò)釉面就隱約可見(jiàn)竹絲修胎所留下的刷痕。這是定窯瓷的一個(gè)基本特征之一，在鑒識(shí)時(shí)必須特別留意。仿品中常不見(jiàn)這種“竹絲刷痕”。有的做了，但做得生硬拙劣，不夠自然，據(jù)此可以鑒別。</p><p> 　　釉面常見(jiàn)“蠟淚痕”。這種“淚痕”是由于上釉不均勻，入燒時(shí)釉水垂流所致。垂流釉的下部似蠟淚狀凸起，球面下部呈淺水綠色。這種“淚痕”只出現(xiàn)在盤(pán)碗的外部。有否“淚痕”也成為鑒識(shí)是否北定的一個(gè)基本特征。當(dāng)然，不是每一個(gè)定窯瓷都有“淚痕”，但有“淚痕”比沒(méi)有“淚痕”的要容易確認(rèn)。一般的仿品是較難做出這種“淚痕”來(lái)的。</p><p> 　　定窯之器中，有極少數(shù)是有款識(shí)的，如“尚食局”、“五王府”等，還有帶“官”、“新官”字樣的款，這些都是入窯燒制前刻劃在胎的底足上的，一般用楷書(shū)體，雖寫(xiě)得不大規(guī)正美觀(guān)，但卻表現(xiàn)得自然有力。還有一些和宮廷建筑有關(guān)的款，是送到宮里后由宮中玉工后刻上去的，如“奉華”、“風(fēng)華”、“慈福”、“聚秀”等。</p><p> 　　定窯器除黑釉器外多數(shù)都有花紋裝飾。裝飾手法從北宋早期到晚期先后有劃花、刻花和印花等多種。早期劃花系用竹簽類(lèi)工具在瓷胎上劃成。所劃線(xiàn)條比較細(xì)，坡度很小，圖像自然豪放?？袒ǚū葎澔ǚǔ霈F(xiàn)稍晚?？袒ㄊ怯玫蹲釉谔ス巧峡坛傻?，用的還是“一面坡”的刀法，刻線(xiàn)較寬，坡度大，圖像剛勁有力。有時(shí)候劃花和刻花也常出現(xiàn)在同一器物上。刻劃的花紋早期有蓮瓣紋、纏枝菊紋和蕉葉紋、回紋等，稍后又出現(xiàn)花果、蓮鴨、魚(yú)水、云龍等紋飾，而且在圖案一側(cè)常劃一細(xì)線(xiàn)，以凸出圖像的立體感。印花裝飾是用模子在胎上模印而成，始見(jiàn)于北宋中期，成熟于后期。定窯所印的圖案都是層次分明、線(xiàn)條清晰、繁而不亂的。主要題材以花卉為主，以牡丹、蓮花為多，次之為菊花。有纏枝也有折枝的。圖案講究對(duì)稱(chēng)。此外，魚(yú)水紋、龍鳳紋和各種禽鳥(niǎo)紋也不少。花卉紋常見(jiàn)與動(dòng)物紋相組合。仿品當(dāng)然也可仿造印刻上述各種圖案，但常見(jiàn)進(jìn)刀遲疑，線(xiàn)條呆滯，圖像木訥。印花的則是形象模糊，章法混亂。真品刻劃一氣呵成，圖像有一種流暢之美，仔細(xì)審察，不難識(shí)破。<br/></p><p> 　　看了“古瓷收藏如何辨別真?zhèn)?rdquo;的人還看了：</p><p> 1.<a _href="http://www.yishupeixun.net/aihao/shoucang/1440227.html" href="http://www.yishupeixun.net/aihao/shoucang/1440227.html" target="_blank">古瓷收藏如何辨別真?zhèn)?/a></p><p> 2.<a _href="http://www.yishupeixun.net/aihao/shoucang/1440526.html" href="http://www.yishupeixun.net/aihao/shoucang/1440526.html" target="_blank">古瓷器收藏成功的辦法有哪些</a></p><p> 3.<a 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