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什么是否定句否定句的分類(2)

時(shí)間: 謝君787 分享

  否定句的形式與用法

  動(dòng)詞的否定轉(zhuǎn)移

  1.形式上否定主句的謂語(yǔ),實(shí)際上是否定從句的謂語(yǔ)

  當(dāng)動(dòng)詞“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為沒(méi)有任何副詞修飾的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),它們的否定式實(shí)際上是對(duì)賓語(yǔ)從句的否定。表示說(shuō)話者提出一種委婉的看法或主張。如:

  I think that he will help us.——I don’t think that he will help us.

  我認(rèn)為它不會(huì)幫助我們。

  I believe that he is right.——I don’t believe that he is right.

  我認(rèn)為他不對(duì)。

  I suppose that he likes it.——I don’t suppose that he likes it.

  我想他不喜歡它。

  2. 形式上否定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,實(shí)際上否定復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)

  當(dāng)動(dòng)詞“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”、“find”的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為沒(méi)有任何副詞修飾的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),它們前面的否定式實(shí)際上是對(duì)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的否定。表示說(shuō)話者所提出的一種委婉的看法或主張。如:

  I think math difficult. — I don’t think math difficult.

  我認(rèn)為數(shù)學(xué)不難。

  I find the story interesting. — I don’t find the story interesting.

  我認(rèn)為這個(gè)故事沒(méi)有趣。

  I expect so. —I don’t expect so.

  我認(rèn)為不會(huì)。

  注意:動(dòng)詞“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”在下列情況下,否定不轉(zhuǎn)移:

  (1)這些動(dòng)詞跟其他另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞一起做并列謂語(yǔ)時(shí),否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如:

  I believe and hope he won’t do that.

  我相信并且也希望他將不會(huì)那樣做。

  I feel and admit that we are not foolish.

  我覺(jué)得并且也承認(rèn)我們并不愚蠢。

  (2)用于疑問(wèn)句時(shí),否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如:

  Do you think it is not going to rain?

  你認(rèn)為天不會(huì)下雨嗎?

  Don’t you believe that he has done a good thing?

  難道你不相信他做了一件好事?

  (3)用作插入語(yǔ)時(shí),否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如:

  Li Lei, I think, won’t be angry with you.

  我想李蕾不會(huì)生你的氣。

  Tom, I suppose, won’t be against it.

  我猜想湯姆不會(huì)反對(duì)。

  Mike, I believe, hasn’t seen the film.

  我認(rèn)為邁克沒(méi)有看這場(chǎng)電影。

  (4)動(dòng)詞前有其他副詞修飾時(shí),否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如:

  I really don’t think it’s necessary for us to go there now.

  我的確不認(rèn)為我們有必要去那兒。

  I feel strongly that he shouldn’t do such a thing.

  我強(qiáng)烈地認(rèn)為他不應(yīng)該做那樣的事。

  (5)動(dòng)詞為非一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或主語(yǔ)不是第一人稱時(shí),否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。

  I thought that he wouldn’t come back soon.

  我原以為他不會(huì)回來(lái)得這么快。

  She didn’t believe that he became a good boy.

  她不相信它變成了一個(gè)好孩子。

  He thinks that he isn’t fit for the job.

  他認(rèn)為他不適合這件工作。

  He doesn’t believe that what we told him is true.

  他不相信我們告訴他的事是真的。

  (6)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句中含的否定為“not……at all”、“not a little”、“not a few”、“not enough”、“can’t help”等固定搭配時(shí),否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如:

  I think that he doesn’t know it at all.

  我想他對(duì)那一點(diǎn)也不知道。

  I suppose that it is not enough to remember the words if you want to learn the language well.

  我認(rèn)為如果你想把這門語(yǔ)言學(xué)好,那么只記單詞是不夠的。

  I believe that you can’t help singing our national anthem when you win the first place in the Olympic Games.

  我相信當(dāng)你在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上獲得第一名時(shí)你會(huì)情不自禁地唱起國(guó)歌來(lái)。

  (7)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句中含“no”、“nothing”、“nobody”、“nowhere”、“hardly”、“seldom”、“little”、“few”等否定詞或半否詞時(shí),否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如:

  I believe that nothing can make me give it up.

  我想任何事情也不能使我放棄。

  I think that no one can escape if the ship sinks in the sea.

  我認(rèn)為如果這艘船沉入海底的話,那么誰(shuí)也逃不掉。

  I suppose that he is a man of few words.

  我猜想他是一個(gè)言語(yǔ)不多的人。

  謂語(yǔ)的否定轉(zhuǎn)移

  有些句子形式上否定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,實(shí)際上是對(duì)句子后面狀語(yǔ)進(jìn)行否定。如:

  Let’s not talk about it here.

  我們別在這里談吧。

  Don’t read in the sun.

  不要在陽(yáng)光下看書。

  Don’t talk with your mouth full of food.

  不要口里含著食物說(shuō)話。
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