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學(xué)習(xí)啦 > 知識(shí)大全 > 知識(shí)百科 > 百科知識(shí) > 賓語(yǔ)從句的使用方法

賓語(yǔ)從句的使用方法

時(shí)間: 樹(shù)源981 分享

賓語(yǔ)從句的使用方法

  賓語(yǔ)從句是主從復(fù)合句中最常見(jiàn)的從句之一。 它作及物動(dòng)詞、介詞或者某些形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。由于賓語(yǔ)從句涉及到引導(dǎo)詞、語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài)等多方面的內(nèi)容,所以賓語(yǔ)從句的用法一直是學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)。學(xué)習(xí)啦小編對(duì)賓語(yǔ)從句的用法進(jìn)行了詳盡講解并附有例句,望對(duì)中學(xué)生朋友有所幫助。

  一.賓語(yǔ)從句的定義

  置于動(dòng)詞、介詞等詞性后面起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述語(yǔ)序。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能帶賓語(yǔ)從句。有些形容詞(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句。

  二.賓語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞的用法

  在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)詞有:

  連詞:that (that ??墒÷?,whether, if

  代詞:who, whose, what ,which

  副詞:when ,where, how, why 等。

  (一)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句(在非正式場(chǎng)合that可以省略)

  可跟that從句做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:

  say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。

  例句:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.

  注意事項(xiàng):當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等詞,而賓語(yǔ)從句的意思是否定時(shí),常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。

  例句:I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.

  在以下情況中that不能省略

  當(dāng)句中的動(dòng)詞后接多于兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),第一個(gè)that可省,但后面的that不可省。

  例句:He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.

  當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與that賓語(yǔ)從句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí),that一般不可省。

  例句:Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.

  當(dāng)that從句是雙賓語(yǔ)中的直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí),that不可省。

  例句:I can’t tell him that his mother died.

  注意事項(xiàng):許多帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子,that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部,而用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。

  例句:I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.

  (二)由whether,if 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

  由whether(if)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,實(shí)際上是一般疑問(wèn)句演變而來(lái)的。意思是“是否”。賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。一般說(shuō)來(lái),在賓語(yǔ)從句中whether與if可以互換使用,但在特殊情況下if與whether是不能互換的。

  例句:I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.

  只能用whether,不能用if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

  在帶to的不定式前

  例句:We decided whether to walk there.

  在介詞的后面

  例句:I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.

  在動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)

  例句:We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week

  直接與or not連用時(shí)

  例句:I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time.

  只能用if不能用whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

  if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“如果”

  例句:The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.

  if引導(dǎo)否定概念的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)

  例句:He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.

  引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句even if(即使)和as if(好象)時(shí)

  例句:He talks as if he has known all about it.

  (三)連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

  這樣的賓語(yǔ)從句實(shí)際上是由特殊疑問(wèn)句變化而來(lái)的,賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞常常是:see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。

  英語(yǔ)中的連接代詞有:who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ)。

  例句:Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?

  英語(yǔ)中的連接副詞有:when,where,why,how,在句中擔(dān)任狀語(yǔ)的成分。

  例句:None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

  三.賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序

  賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序是陳述句語(yǔ)序即:連接代詞/副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分。例句如下:

  I don’t know what they are looking for.

  Could you tell me when the train will leave?

  Can you imagine what kind of man he is?

  四.賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)

  主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。

  例句:The headmaster hopes everything goes well.

  主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),從句須用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式。

  例句:She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.

  當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是一個(gè)客觀真理或者事實(shí)時(shí),即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí),從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。

  例句:The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.

  五.賓語(yǔ)從句的特點(diǎn)

  賓語(yǔ)從句可以作及物動(dòng)詞、介詞及形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。

  賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序一律用陳述句語(yǔ)序。

  連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句在句中無(wú)詞義,不充當(dāng)句子成份,多數(shù)情況下可以省略。

  whether 和 if 都可引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,但 whether后可緊跟or not;whether從句可作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。

  如果從句太長(zhǎng),可以用形式賓語(yǔ)it.

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