過去完成時(shí)態(tài)的用法
什么是過去完成時(shí)?顧名思義，過去完成時(shí)代表著在過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，也就是說(shuō)，如果一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去，我們就可以用過去完成時(shí)。下面學(xué)習(xí)啦小編就講講過去完成時(shí)的用法。
一、過去完成時(shí)的用法
1. 過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作。這個(gè)過去的時(shí)間常用by，before等介詞短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。
I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚飯前就把作業(yè)做完了。
The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 我們到劇場(chǎng)時(shí)戲已經(jīng)開始了。
By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients. 到六月底他們已經(jīng)治療了一萬(wàn)多病人。
2. 過去完成時(shí)還可表示過去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或還要持續(xù)下去，常與for，since等詞連用。如：
He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year. 他在部隊(duì)干了十年，去年退役了。
He told me that he had known her since he was a child. 他告訴我他從小就認(rèn)識(shí)她。
He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study. 他在去英國(guó)深造前，已學(xué)了八年英語(yǔ)。
3. 在一段情景連貫的文字中，先發(fā)生的事放在后面敘述時(shí)，要用過去完成時(shí)。如：
Tom flew home, but his father had already died. 湯姆乘飛機(jī)回家，他的父親卻已經(jīng)去世了。
4. 過去完成時(shí)也用于hardly...when..., no sooner...than..., It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。
He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him. 他剛離開房間，他們就議論起他來(lái)。
We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.
我們剛開始就被叫停。
It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用這樣的語(yǔ)調(diào)跟我講話，這是第一次。
二、過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的比較
1. 當(dāng)一個(gè)由before, after, as soon as 等連詞引導(dǎo)的從句所表示的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生時(shí)，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作均可用一般過去時(shí)來(lái)表示。
We had breakfast after we did morning exercises.
做完早操后，我們吃早飯。
The train started to move just before he reached the platform. 他到月臺(tái)時(shí)火車剛開走。
They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields. 他們一到地里就開始耕地。
2. 按時(shí)間順序敘述兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，用一般過去時(shí)。
He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table. 他走進(jìn)屋子，打開燈，坐在桌子旁。
3. 在表示某人過去未曾完成的“心愿”、“打算”、“計(jì)劃”、“想法”、“許諾”等時(shí)，hope, mean, plan, think, intend等謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用過去完成時(shí)。
I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train. 我本來(lái)希望昨晚回來(lái)的，但沒搭上火車。
We had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go. 我們本想早回來(lái)的，但他們不讓我們走。
4. 在表示過去的句子中出現(xiàn)常與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用的詞，如：already，yet，since，for，ever，never及次數(shù)名詞等時(shí)，常用過去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示。
When we got there the basketball match had already started. 我們到那里時(shí)，籃球賽已經(jīng)開始了。
The old man said that he wanted to go where he had never been. 老人說(shuō)他想到他從未去過的地方去。
5. 如果句中出現(xiàn)了表示具體的過去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，句子的內(nèi)容為過去的實(shí)際情況或句子的內(nèi)容為歷史事實(shí)時(shí)，句中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)常用一般過去時(shí)。如：
The teacher said that it was Columbus who first discovered the American continent.老師說(shuō)是哥倫布最早發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲大陸。
6. 表述說(shuō)話人始料未及的事情時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用一般過去時(shí)。由于受漢語(yǔ)表述習(xí)慣的影響，常會(huì)用錯(cuò)時(shí)態(tài)。
Jack, you are also here! I didn’t see you. 杰克，你也在這啊!我沒有看見你。
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