狀語從句的用法
狀語從句的用法
狀語從句 (Adverbial Clause)，在復(fù)合句中作狀語的從句，叫做狀語從句。句子用作狀語時(shí)，起副詞作用。下面學(xué)習(xí)啦小編就給大家介紹狀語從句的用法。
狀語從句的用法
1. 時(shí)間狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when
I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
The children ran away from the orchard(果園) the moment they saw the guard.
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
2. 地點(diǎn)狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：where
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
3. 原因狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：because, since, as, for
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.
4. 目的狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：so that, in order that
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
5. 結(jié)果狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：so … that, so… that, such … that,
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.
6. 條件狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：if, unless,
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that
We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
7. 讓步狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：though, although, even if, even though
特殊引導(dǎo)詞： as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
盡管我很尊敬他， 我卻不同意他的建議。
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
He won’t listen whatever you may say.
8. 比較狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：as(同級比較), than(不同程度的比較)
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the more … the more … ; just as …， so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
The house is three times as big as ours.
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，猶如油之于機(jī)器。
9. 方式狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：as, as if, how
特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the way
When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
10. 狀語從句的簡化
狀語從句的省略
狀語從句同時(shí)具備下列兩個(gè)條件:①主句和從句的主語一致，或從句主語為it;②從句主要?jiǎng)釉~是be的某種形式。從句中的主語和be動(dòng)詞?？墒÷?。例如：
When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .
He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.
另外，比較狀語從句經(jīng)常省略。例如：
I’m taller than he (is tall ).
The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).
就狀語從句而言,有時(shí)為了使語言言簡意賅,常常將狀語從句進(jìn)行"簡化"。狀語從句的"簡化"現(xiàn)象在口語中較為普遍,而且在高考中的復(fù)現(xiàn)率也較高。因此,有必要對其進(jìn)行全面、透徹的了解。
狀語從句的"簡化"現(xiàn)象常存在于以下五種狀語從句中:①由if, unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句;②由although, though, even if / though等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句;③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句;④由as, as if等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句;⑤由as, than等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。下面針對這五種情形作一歸納。
(1)當(dāng)狀語從句的主語是it,且謂語動(dòng)詞是be時(shí),it和be要完全簡化掉。例如:
If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的話,他會(huì)幫你擺脫困境。
You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.除非情況對你來說不方便,否則你必須出席這次會(huì)議。
(2)當(dāng)狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時(shí),從句可以將主語和be動(dòng)詞簡化掉。常用于以下幾種情形:
a.連詞+形容詞
As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小時(shí)候就學(xué)會(huì)了騎自行車。
Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。
Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.少壯不努力,老大徒傷悲。
b.連詞+名詞
While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩提時(shí)代就樂于助人。
Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.盡管他曾是個(gè)農(nóng)民,而現(xiàn)在是位著名的導(dǎo)演了。
c.連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞
As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿著河堤邊走邊唱著流行歌曲。
Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.盡管近來他一直在學(xué)數(shù)學(xué),但他仍然沒有取得好成績。
d.連詞+過去分詞
He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀請,否則他不會(huì)和我們一道去那里。
The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.這場音樂會(huì)出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。
e.連詞+不定式
He stood up as if (he were) to say something.當(dāng)時(shí)他站起來好像要說什么。He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他來負(fù)責(zé),他也解決不了這個(gè)問題。
f. 連詞+介詞短語
She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻煩。
He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.他到美國之前就懂英語了。
注意:當(dāng)從句主語和主句主語不一致時(shí),從句部分要么用完全形式,要么用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。例如:
When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.當(dāng)會(huì)議結(jié)束時(shí),人們都走出了會(huì)議室。(=The meeting over)
狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)特點(diǎn)
一般情況下，時(shí)間和條件狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”表示“一般將來時(shí)”，用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”表示“將來完成時(shí)”。例如：
I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就給你打電話。(這是由as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞arrive是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示一般將來時(shí)，決不可用will arrive)
As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作，就回家。(從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have finished，表示將來完成時(shí),決不可用will have finished)
If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回來了，請通知我。(從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用comes back,表示一般將來時(shí)，決不可用will come back)
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