英語(yǔ)中，賓語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句一直是一個(gè)比較難區(qū)分的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法。下面就跟著學(xué)習(xí)啦小編一起來(lái)看看吧。

　　賓語(yǔ)從句

　　(一) 賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語(yǔ).賓語(yǔ)從句常由that引導(dǎo),在口語(yǔ)中常省略.當(dāng)主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不受主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的 影響,按需要可以使用任何時(shí)態(tài).如：She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.她說(shuō)她從周一至周五上班.(從句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)) She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.她說(shuō)她要在他桌子上留個(gè)便條.(從句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)) She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei.她說(shuō)她從來(lái)沒(méi)有去過(guò)峨眉山.(從句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)) 當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),從句中的時(shí)態(tài)一般用表示過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài).如：He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.他說(shuō)昨天下午沒(méi)有課.(從句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)) He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.他說(shuō)他會(huì)去照看這個(gè)嬰兒.(從句是過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)) He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time.他說(shuō)他們那時(shí)正在開(kāi)會(huì).(從句是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)) *當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),而賓語(yǔ)從句敘述某一客觀真理(事實(shí))時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).如：The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.老師告訴我們世上無(wú)難事只怕有心人.She said (that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her.她說(shuō)她父親比她大二十八歲.He said that light travels much faster than sound.他說(shuō)光傳播比聲音傳播快得多.

　　(二) 由連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句.引出名詞性從句的連詞whether和if,在引出賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),用法和意義相同.但是只能引出賓語(yǔ)從句和不在句首的主語(yǔ)從句,而whether除了引出賓語(yǔ)從句外,還可引出主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句.例如：We don't know whether (if) it is right.我們不知道它是否正確.The question is whether she should do that.問(wèn)題在于她是否應(yīng)該做那件事.Whether it is true remains a question.是真是假還是個(gè)問(wèn)題.試比較：當(dāng)if從句處在主句之后作“是否”講時(shí),引出的是賓語(yǔ)從句.例如：I don't know if it is true.我不知道這事是否真實(shí).當(dāng)if從句在主句之前作“如果”講,則引出狀語(yǔ)從句.例如：I shall go there if I have time.如果我有時(shí)間,我將到那兒去.

　　定語(yǔ)從句

(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語(yǔ),修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞.定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后,由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出.

　　關(guān)系代詞有：who,whom,whose,that,which等.

　　關(guān)系副詞有：when,where,why等.

　　關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分.關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致.

　　1)who,whom,that

　　這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下：

　　Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

　　他就是你想見(jiàn)的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))

　　He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

　　他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人.(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))

　　2) Whose 用來(lái)指人或物,(只用作定語(yǔ),若指物,它還可以同of which互換),例如：

　　They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車(chē)壞了,大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙.

　　Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書(shū).

　　3)which,that

　　它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等,例如：

　　A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮.(which / that在句中作主語(yǔ))

　　The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了.(which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ))

　　關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語(yǔ).

　　1)when,where,why

　　關(guān)系副詞when,where,why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用,例如：

　　There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候.

　　Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地.

　　Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?

　　2)that代替關(guān)系副詞

　　that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when,where,why和"介詞+ which"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,在口語(yǔ)中that常被省略,例如：

　　His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了.

　　He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過(guò)的地方.
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