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學(xué)習(xí)啦 > 學(xué)習(xí)電腦 > 操作系統(tǒng) > Linux教程 > linux中的ping命令的詳細(xì)解釋

linux中的ping命令的詳細(xì)解釋

時(shí)間: 佳洲1085 分享

linux中的ping命令的詳細(xì)解釋

  linxu下的ping命令的主要功能就是確定網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀態(tài),下面由學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家整理了linux的ping命令的詳細(xì)解釋的相關(guān)知識(shí),希望對(duì)大家有幫助!

  一、linux中的ping命令的詳細(xì)解釋

  1.命令格式:

  ping [參數(shù)] [主機(jī)名或IP地址]

  2.命令功能:

  ping命令用于:確定網(wǎng)絡(luò)和各外部主機(jī)的狀態(tài);跟蹤和隔離硬件和軟件問(wèn)題;測(cè) 試、評(píng)估和管理網(wǎng)絡(luò)。如果主機(jī)正在運(yùn)行并連在網(wǎng)上,它就對(duì)回送信號(hào)進(jìn)行響應(yīng)。每個(gè)回送信號(hào)請(qǐng)求包含一個(gè)網(wǎng)際協(xié)議(IP)和 ICMP 頭,后面緊跟一 個(gè) tim 結(jié)構(gòu),以及來(lái)填寫(xiě)這個(gè)信息包的足夠的字節(jié)。缺省情況是連續(xù)發(fā)送回送信號(hào)請(qǐng)求直到接收到中斷信號(hào)(Ctrl-C)。

  ping 命 令每秒發(fā)送一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)并且為每個(gè)接收到的響應(yīng)打印一行輸出。ping 命令計(jì)算信號(hào)往返時(shí)間和(信息)包丟失情況的統(tǒng)計(jì)信息,并且在完成之后顯示一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)要 總結(jié)。ping 命令在程序超時(shí)或當(dāng)接收到 SIGINT 信號(hào)時(shí)結(jié)束。Host 參數(shù)或者是一個(gè)有效的主機(jī)名或者是因特網(wǎng)地址。

  3.命令參數(shù):

  -d 使用Socket的SO_DEBUG功能。

  -f 極限檢測(cè)。大量且快速地送網(wǎng)絡(luò)封包給一臺(tái)機(jī)器,看它的回應(yīng)。

  -n 只輸出數(shù)值。

  -q 不顯示任何傳送封包的信息,只顯示最后的結(jié)果。

  -r 忽略普通的Routing Table,直接將數(shù)據(jù)包送到遠(yuǎn)端主機(jī)上。通常是查看本機(jī)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口是否有問(wèn)題。

  -R 記錄路由過(guò)程。

  -v 詳細(xì)顯示指令的執(zhí)行過(guò)程。

  <p>-c 數(shù)目:在發(fā)送指定數(shù)目的包后停止。

  -i 秒數(shù):設(shè)定間隔幾秒送一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)封包給一臺(tái)機(jī)器,預(yù)設(shè)值是一秒送一次。

  -I 網(wǎng)絡(luò)界面:使用指定的網(wǎng)絡(luò)界面送出數(shù)據(jù)包。

  -l 前置載入:設(shè)置在送出要求信息之前,先行發(fā)出的數(shù)據(jù)包。

  -p 范本樣式:設(shè)置填滿數(shù)據(jù)包的范本樣式。

  -s 字節(jié)數(shù):指定發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)字節(jié)數(shù),預(yù)設(shè)值是56,加上8字節(jié)的ICMP頭,一共是64ICMP數(shù)據(jù)字節(jié)。

  -t 存活數(shù)值:設(shè)置存活數(shù)值TTL的大小。

  二、Linux中的ping命令的詳解實(shí)例

  實(shí)例1:ping的通的情況

  命令:

  ping 192.168.120.205

  輸出:

  Java代碼

  [root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.120.205

  PING 192.168.120.205 (192.168.120.205) 56(84) bytes of data.

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.720 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.181 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.191 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.188 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.189 ms

  --- 192.168.120.205 ping statistics ---

  5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms

  rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.181/0.293/0.720/0.214 ms

  [root@localhost ~]#

  說(shuō)明:

  實(shí)例2:ping不通的情況

  命令:

  ping 192.168.120.202

  輸出:

  Java代碼

  [root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.120.202

  PING 192.168.120.202 (192.168.120.202) 56(84) bytes of data.

  From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable

  From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable

  From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable

  From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable

  From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=5 Destination Host Unreachable

  From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable

  --- 192.168.120.202 ping statistics ---

  8 packets transmitted, 0 received, +6 errors, 100% packet loss, time 7005ms

  , pipe 4

  [root@localhost ~]#

  說(shuō)明:

  實(shí)例3:ping網(wǎng)關(guān)

  命令:

  ping -b 192.168.120.1

  輸出:

  Java代碼

  [root@localhost ~]# route

  Kernel IP routing table

  Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface

  192.168.120.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0

  192.168.0.0 192.168.120.1 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

  10.0.0.0 192.168.120.1 255.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

  default 192.168.120.240 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

  [root@localhost ~]# ping -b 192.168.120.1

  PING 192.168.120.1 (192.168.120.1) 56(84) bytes of data.

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=2.02 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=1.83 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=1.68 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=1.98 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=1.88 ms

  --- 192.168.120.1 ping statistics ---

  5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms

  rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.682/1.880/2.020/0.129 ms

  說(shuō)明:

  實(shí)例4:ping指定次數(shù)

  命令:

  ping -c 10 192.168.120.206

  輸出:

  Java代碼

  [root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 192.168.120.206

  PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.25 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.260 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.242 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.271 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.274 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.295 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.269 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.270 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.253 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.289 ms

  --- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---

  10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9000ms

  rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.242/0.367/1.251/0.295 ms

  [root@localhost ~]#

  說(shuō)明:

  實(shí)例5:時(shí)間間隔和次數(shù)限制的ping

  命令:

  ping -c 10 -i 0.5 192.168.120.206

  輸出:

  Java代碼

  [root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 -i 0.5 192.168.120.206

  PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.24 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.235 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.300 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.255 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.264 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.263 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.331 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.247 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms

  --- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---

  10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 4499ms

  rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.235/0.362/1.241/0.294 ms

  [root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 -i 0.01 192.168.120.206

  PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.195 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.219 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.204 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=3.56 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=1.93 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.193 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.193 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.202 ms

  64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.211 ms

  --- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---

  10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 90ms

  rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.193/0.716/3.564/1.080 ms

  [root@localhost ~]#

  三、Linux中的ping命令知識(shí)擴(kuò)展

  怎樣使用Ping這命令來(lái)測(cè)試網(wǎng)絡(luò)連通呢?

  •連通問(wèn)題是由許多原因引起的,如本地配置錯(cuò)誤、遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)協(xié)議失效等,當(dāng)然還包括設(shè)備等造成的故障。首先我們講一下使用Ping命令的步驟。

  •使用Ping檢查連通性有六個(gè)步驟:

  •1.使用ifconfig觀察本地網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)置是否正確;

  •2.Ping127.0.0.1,127.0.0.1回送地址Ping回送地址是為了檢查本地的TCP/IP協(xié)議有沒(méi)有設(shè)置好;

  •3.Ping本機(jī)IP地址,這樣是為了檢查本機(jī)的IP地址是否設(shè)置有誤;

  •4.Ping本網(wǎng)網(wǎng)關(guān)或本網(wǎng)IP地址,這樣的是為了檢查硬件設(shè)備是否有問(wèn)題,也可以檢查本機(jī)與本地網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接是否正常;(在非局域網(wǎng)中這一步驟可以忽略)

  •5.Ping本地DNS地址,這樣做是為了檢查DNS是否能夠?qū)P正確解析。

  •6.Ping遠(yuǎn)程IP地址,這主要是檢查本網(wǎng)或本機(jī)與外部的連接是否正常。

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