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被動語態(tài)知識點讀書筆記

時間: 曉紅1066 分享

被動語態(tài)知識點讀書筆記

  在英語的語法中,主動語態(tài)是主語動作的執(zhí)行者,而被動語態(tài)就是承受者。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編精心為您整理的被動語態(tài)知識點讀書筆記,希望您喜歡!

  一、主動語態(tài)改成被動語態(tài)方法

  把主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)非常簡單,可以遵循以下幾個步驟:

  1. 將主動語態(tài)的賓語作被動語態(tài)的主語;

  2. 謂語動詞變?yōu)?ldquo;be+及物動詞的過去分詞”,并通過be的變化來表達出不同的時態(tài);

  3主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語,組成介詞短語放在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動詞之后。(有時by的短語可以省略);

  例:1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.

  二、被動語態(tài)的用法:

  1. 一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成:is / am / are + 及物動詞的過去分詞

  Our classroom is cleaned everyday.

  2. 一般過去時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成:was / were + 及物動詞的過去分詞

  A new shop was built last year.

  3. 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成:has / have + been + 及物動詞的過去分詞

  This book has been translated into many languages.

  4. 一般將來時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成:will+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞

  Many more trees will be planted next year.

  5. 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成:情態(tài)動詞+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞

  Young trees must be watered often.

  6. 現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成:am / is / are + being + 及物動詞的過去分詞

  Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now.

  7. 不定式的被動語態(tài):to + be + 及物動詞的過去分詞

  There are two books to be read. → There are twenty more trees to be planted.

  三、使用被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個問題:

  1. 不及物動詞無被動語態(tài)。What will happen in 100 years.  The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.

  2. 有些動詞用主動形式表示被動意義。This pen writes well. This new book sells well.

  3. 感官動詞或使役動詞使用省略to的動詞不定式,主動語態(tài)中不帶to,但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,須加上to. 例:make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something

  see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something

  The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.

  4. 如果是接雙賓語的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時,直接賓語(物)作主語,那么動詞后要用介詞,這個介詞是由與其搭配的動詞決定。

  He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.

  He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.

  5. 一些動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)時,動詞短語應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個整體,而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。

  We can't laugh at him. →He can't be laughed at by us.

  常見考法

  對于語態(tài)考查,多以單選、詞語運用的形式考查學(xué)生在具體語境中靈活運用被動語態(tài)的能力。一般情況下,會綜合考查時態(tài)和語態(tài),這時,要根據(jù)語境和動作發(fā)生的時間來確定時態(tài),然后再確定語態(tài)。

  典型例題:-Could you tell me whom the radio__________by? -Sorry. I have no idea.

  A invents B invented C is invented D was invented

  解析:題干的意思是“你能告訴我收音機是誰發(fā)明的嗎?”,發(fā)明收音機是過去的事,所以用過去時,排除 A和C;而radio和invent 構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動語態(tài),排除B

  答案:D

  誤區(qū)提醒

  有些動詞后跟不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語,但改為被動結(jié)構(gòu)后要加上“to”,這一點我們必須注意。

  典型例題:The young man was often seen _____ by the lake.

  A to draw B to drawing C draw D drew

  解析:這是2007年濟南的中考題。“看到某人做某事”為see sb.do sth.。句中動詞原形是省略to的不定式,在被動語態(tài)中要還原to.

  答案:A

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