一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法有哪些例子
一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法有哪些例子
一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系，今天學(xué)習(xí)啦小編在這里為大家介紹一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法，希望這些語(yǔ)法知識(shí)能幫到大家!
一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法
一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為;過(guò)去主語(yǔ)所具備的能力和性格?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式)+句子其他成分;主語(yǔ)+was/were+形容詞/名詞/介詞短語(yǔ)+過(guò)去時(shí)間;否定形式①was/were+not;②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞;一般疑問(wèn)句Did+主語(yǔ)+do+其他。
(1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生，也可以表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。一般不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的影響，只說(shuō)明的事情。
句式：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+賓語(yǔ)+其它
I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨，我跟朱莉婭說(shuō)了幾句話(huà)。
He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他沒(méi)有戒煙的那陣子，抽煙抽得可兇了。
(2) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或從句連用，如：yesterday,last week ,in the past ,in 1993,at that time,once,during the war,before,a few days ago,when 等等.
注意
在談到已死去的人的情況時(shí)，多用過(guò)去時(shí)。
He was dead in 1990.
(3)表示過(guò)去連續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。這種情況下，往往沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，而通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示。
The boy opened his eyes for a moment，looked at the captain，and then died.
那男孩把眼睛張開(kāi)了一會(huì)兒，看看船長(zhǎng)，然后就去世了。
(4) 表示在此之前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常或反復(fù)的動(dòng)作。常與always，never等連用。
Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.
彼得太太過(guò)去老是帶著一把傘。
(只是說(shuō)明她過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，不表明她是否常帶著傘。)
比較
Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.
彼得太太總是帶著一把傘。
(說(shuō)明這是她的習(xí)慣，表明她仍然還習(xí)慣總帶著一把傘)
Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.
彼得太太總是帶著一把傘。
(表示說(shuō)話(huà)者對(duì)這一動(dòng)作或行為厭煩)
I never drank wine.我以前從不喝酒。
(不涉及到說(shuō)明是否喝酒)
(5)如果強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)終止的習(xí)慣時(shí)要用 used to do(過(guò)去常常做，而不那樣做了)
He used to drink alcohol.
他過(guò)去喝酒。
(意味著他不喝酒了。喝酒這個(gè)動(dòng)作終止了)
I used to take a walk in the morning.
我過(guò)去是在早晨散步。
(意味著不在早晨散步了)
Eddle bought a bicycle three days ago.
Eddle在三天以前買(mǎi)了一輛自行車(chē)。
比較：
I took a walk in the morning.
我曾經(jīng)在早晨散過(guò)步。
(只是說(shuō)明過(guò)去這一動(dòng)作)
(6)有些句子，雖然沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去確定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，但實(shí)際上是指過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)的話(huà)，也要用過(guò)去時(shí)，這一點(diǎn)，我們中國(guó)學(xué)生往往出錯(cuò)，要特別注意!
I didn''t know you were in Paris.
我不知道你在巴黎。
(因?yàn)樵谡f(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)，我已經(jīng)知道你在巴黎了。這句話(huà)指的是說(shuō)話(huà)之前，所以只能用過(guò)去時(shí)表示。實(shí)際上，這句話(huà)暗指：But now I know you are here.)
I thought you were ill.
我以為你病了呢。(這句話(huà)應(yīng)是在說(shuō)話(huà)之前，我以為你病了。但是我知道現(xiàn)在你沒(méi)病）
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
1) 概念：表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。
2) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景;一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。
3) 常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
It was raining when they left the station.
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
典型例題
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)。同 時(shí)，when表時(shí)間的同時(shí)性，"瑪麗在做衣服時(shí)"提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while，意為"當(dāng)……之時(shí)"。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時(shí)，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行;一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。句意為 "在她看報(bào)紙時(shí)，奶奶睡著了。"句中的 fell (fall的過(guò)去時(shí))，是系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞，如：fall sick。
過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法
1) 概念：表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去
----|-------|-----|---->其構(gòu)成是had +過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。
那時(shí)以前 那時(shí) 現(xiàn)在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 狀語(yǔ)從句
在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過(guò)去完成時(shí);發(fā)生在后，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3) 過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
典型例題
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把書(shū)忘在辦公室"發(fā)生在"去取書(shū)"這一過(guò)去的動(dòng)作之前，因此"忘了書(shū)"這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的過(guò)去，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。句中when表示的是時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)，表示在"同學(xué)們正忙于……"這一背景下，when所引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。因此
前一句應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
注意： had no … when 還沒(méi)等…… 就……
had no sooner… than 剛…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
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