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英語動(dòng)詞的分類以及用法

時(shí)間: 若木631 分享

  ■動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞和靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞

  根據(jù)詞義特點(diǎn),行為動(dòng)詞可分為動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞和靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作,如give, take, work, run等;靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示感覺、情感、內(nèi)心世界、相互關(guān)系等,如know, live, lie, exist, be, have, mean, seem, appear, sound, prove, concerns, hate, dislike, like, love, prefer, surprise, astonish, satisfy, contain, include, matter depend on, belong to, guess, suppose,imagine, believe, doubt, admire, envy等。

  ■及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞

  根據(jù)后面是否帶賓語,行為動(dòng)詞又可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞,及物動(dòng)詞(vt. ) 后面要跟賓語,不及物動(dòng)詞(vi. ) 不跟賓語。如:

  They study hard. 他們勤奮學(xué)習(xí)。(study后沒有賓語,是不及物動(dòng)詞)

  I know them well. 我很了解他們。(know后有賓語them,是及物動(dòng)詞)

  注:有的動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞,也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。如:

  She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing是不及物動(dòng)詞)

  She sang an English song just now. 她剛才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物動(dòng)詞)

  ■延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

  根據(jù)動(dòng)作是否延續(xù),行為動(dòng)詞又分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如rain, live, work, learn等是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,go, come, leave, start, arrive, join, finish, end等是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

  注:非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在肯定句中通常不與表示時(shí)間段連用的for短語連用。如:

  [譯]他離開這里三天了。

  [誤]He has left here for three days.

  [正]He has been away from here for three days.

  [正]He left here three days ago.

  [正]It’s three days since he left.

  ■限定動(dòng)詞與非限定動(dòng)詞

  限定動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語,有人稱和數(shù)的變化。非限定動(dòng)詞有動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞三種,在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化(詳見非謂語動(dòng)詞一章) 。如:

  The room needs cleaning. 這房間需要清潔了。(needs在句中用謂語,是限定動(dòng)詞;cleaning是動(dòng)名詞作needs的賓語,屬非限定動(dòng)詞)

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