英語基礎知識大全

　　冠詞 a / an 的用法

　　a用于輔音音素前 a useful book, a university, a “u”

　　Once a week have a swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/ rest have a cold/ headache / fever /cough have a good time have a try in a hurry after a while keep a diary go for a walk in a minute in a word in a short while

　　an則用于元音音素前 an hour, an honest boy , an “A E F H I L M N O R S X”

　　keep an eye on

　　定冠詞the的用法：

　　1)特指雙方都明白的人或物： Give me the book.

　　2)上文提到過的人或事： ---Do you know the lady in blue? –Yes, she is a teacher of a university.

　　3)指世上獨一物二的事物the sun ( sky / moon/ earth/ world/ nature/ universe )

　　4)單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物，如：the dollar 美元; The lion is a wild animal.或與形容詞或分詞連用，表示一類人：the rich /poor/ blind/ aged / living / impossible

　　5)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級，及形容詞only，very, same等前面：I live on the second floor.

　　6)用在表示身體部位的名詞前： She caught me by the arm.

　　7)用在表示樂器和表方位的名詞之前：　 She plays the piano \violin \ guitar in the north of China

　　8)用在普通名詞構成專有名詞前： the People's Republic of China　 the United States the Great Wall the Summer Palace

　　9) 用在姓氏的復數(shù)名詞之前，表示一家人：the Greens are playing the piano.

　　10) in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening),in the middle (of),in the end, all the time at the same time on the whole,by the way,go to the cinema at he age of six at the beginning of the twenty-first century on the other side of at the moment the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday,the next morning,in the sky (water，field，country)in the dark, in the rain,

　　不用定冠詞的情況

　　1) 國名，人名前通常不用定冠詞：China , Europe 歐洲 Lei Feng 雷鋒

　　2)物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞表示一般概念時，通常不加冠詞;當表示特定的意思時，需要加定冠詞Failure is the mother of success.　失敗乃成功之母。

　　3)在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、 假日、日期、星期等表示時間的名詞之前，不加冠詞;Children’s Day Mother’s Day Father’s Day

　　4)在稱呼或表示官銜，職位的名詞前不加冠詞; He is captain of the team.

　　5)在三餐、四季，球類運動、學科、娛樂運動的名稱前，不加冠詞 如：have breakfast /supper / lunch，play basketball / football / volleyball / chess , in spring/summer/ autumn/ winter

　　6)當by 與火車等交通工具連用，表示一種方式時，中間無冠詞;by bus/ train/ taxi/ bus/ ship

　　7)Day and night face to face side by side step by step watch TV at school / work / home at first/ last in danger in trouble on foot on duty on watch in bed on time in time go to school go to work by taxi / bike at noon at night on TV at town

　　部分詞組有無冠詞的區(qū)別

　　in hospital 生病住院 in the hospital 在醫(yī)院里

　　in front of 在---的前面in the front of 在----內(nèi)部的前面

　　go to school 上學go to the school 到學校去

　　a number of = a lot of 許多，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。

　　The number of ----的數(shù)目，----的總數(shù)， 謂語動詞用單數(shù)(第三人稱單數(shù))

　　名詞：專有名詞和普通名詞(個體名詞、集體名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞)

　　可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)變復數(shù)①一般情況加s ②以s, x sh ch,等結(jié)尾的詞加-es　 bus-buses watch-watches ③以o 結(jié)尾的名詞，無生命的加s，如： photo---photos piano---pianos有生命的es，如：potato--potatoestomato--tomatoes 均可，如：zero---zeros / zeroes�、芤詅或fe 結(jié)尾的名詞，去f, fe 加ves，如：half---halvesknife---knivesleaf---leaveswolf---wolves wife---wiveslife---livesthief---thieves (加s，如：belief---beliefsroof---roofs safe---safes　 gulf---gulfs;)⑤以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i，再加es　 baby---babies ⑥不規(guī)則：a. 單復數(shù)形式一樣。Sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese. People, police, scissors, trousers b. 其他的。foot—feet tooth---teeth child—children mouse---mice man---men woman---women businessman ---businessmen

　　German---Germans women doctors

　　集體名詞: People, police,(一般表示一個整體，謂用復數(shù)) class, family, glasses

　　不可數(shù)名詞：

　　常見的不可數(shù)名詞有：information, news, room (空間)， work, work, weather, advice, bread , food, milk, tea, ice, glasses, meat

　�、� A little, a bit of, some, much, a lot of, quite a lot of 常修飾不可數(shù)名詞.

　�、� 不可數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

　�、� 如果用and連接兩個不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。Time and money are-

　�、� A cup\ glass \bottle \box \ kilo \ group \ crowd \ class \ pair of

　　Two and a half kilos of = two kilos and a half of

　　名詞所有格 在英語中有些名詞可以加"'s"來表示所有關系，帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格，如：a teacher's book。名詞所有格的規(guī)則如下：

　　1) 單數(shù)名詞詞尾加"'s"，復數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有s，也要加" 's "，如the boy's bag，men's room Children’s Day Mother’s Day Father’s Day

　　2) 若名詞已有復數(shù)詞尾-s ，只加" ' "，如：Teachers’ Day ladies’room twenty minutes’ walk

　　3) 凡不能加"'s"的名詞，都可以用"名詞+of +名詞"的結(jié)構來表示所有關系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字; A picture of family; a map of China

　　4) 在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時，名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞，如：the barber's 理發(fā)店。

　　5) 如果兩個名詞并列，并且分別有's，則表示"分別有";只有一個's，則表示'共有'。John's and Mary's room(兩間)　　John and Mary's room(一間)

　　6) 復合名詞或短語，'s 加在最后一個詞的詞尾。 如：a month or two's absence

　　7)雙重所有格 a friend of mine / hers / his / theirs a friend of Mary’s mother’s

　　代詞

　　1、人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞

　　I—me—my—mine—myself you —you—your—yourself (yourselves)

　　he—him—his—his—himself she—her—her—hers—herself

　　it—it—its—its—itself we—us—our—ours—ourselves

　　they—them—their—theirs—themselves

　　人稱順序you, he, she, I ; we, you, they