小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法入門
小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法入門
小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法入門,要學(xué)習(xí)哪些語(yǔ)法知識(shí)呢?下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法入門的相關(guān)知識(shí),供大家參閱!
小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法入門:代詞
代詞是代替名詞的詞類。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英語(yǔ)中的代詞可以分為九類:人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞、連接代詞和不定代詞。
一、 人稱代詞
1、人稱代詞是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我們"、"你們"、"他們"的詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化,見下表:
單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
格 主格 賓格 主格 賓格
第一人稱 I me we us
第二人稱 you you you you
第三人稱 he him they them
she her they them
it it they them
2、人稱代詞的用法
(1)代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用主格,作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用賓格:
He has great concern for them. 他很關(guān)心他們。
They all like him very much. 他們都很喜歡他。
She gave the books to you and me. 這些書是她送給你和我的。
(2)人稱代詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),用賓格時(shí)較多,特別是在口語(yǔ)中,例如:
Who is knocking at the door?- It’s me. 誰(shuí)敲門?-是我。
If I were her, I would take the advice. 我要是她就接收這個(gè)意見。
Imagine yourself to be me. 設(shè)想你是我。
但在下面這種結(jié)構(gòu)中卻常用主格:
It was he who did it.
It is she who wants it.
在表示比較的非正式的文體中,常用賓格代替主格:
He is more intelligent than her.
He is taller than I am.
3、在使用人稱代詞時(shí)還應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):
(1)we, you兩詞有時(shí)可用來(lái)泛指一般人:
We (you) have to be cautious under such circumstances.
在這樣的情況下大家應(yīng)特別小心。
We (You) should keep calm even when we (you) are in danger.
即使在危急時(shí)刻也要保持冷靜。
They也可用來(lái)泛指某一些人:
They don’t allow us to smoke here. 這兒不讓抽煙。(They代表誰(shuí)不清楚)
They don’t make decent furniture nowadays. 現(xiàn)今做不出象樣的家具。
(2)she可以用來(lái)代表國(guó)家、船只、大地、月亮等:
I think England will do what she promised to do. 我想英國(guó)會(huì)履行她的諾言。
The “Easter” is due in tomorrow, isn’t she? 東方號(hào)輪船明天進(jìn)港,是嗎?
(3)在并列的主語(yǔ)中,I總放在最后:
Mr. Wang and I are in charge of the work. 我和王先生負(fù)責(zé)這項(xiàng)工作。
小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法入門:疑問(wèn)代詞
1、疑問(wèn)代詞在句中起名詞詞組的作用,用來(lái)構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句。疑問(wèn)代詞有下列幾個(gè):
指人:who, whom, whose
指物:what
既可指人又可指物:which
2、疑問(wèn)代詞在句中應(yīng)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前,沒有性和數(shù)的變化,除who之外也沒有格的變化。what, which, whose還可作限定詞。試比較:
疑問(wèn)代詞:Whose are these books on the desk? 桌上的書是誰(shuí)的?
What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion? 美國(guó)的領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張是朝哪個(gè)方向的?
限定詞: Whose books are these on the desk? 桌上的書是誰(shuí)的?
What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以東的大部分土地歸屬于美國(guó)?
3、無(wú)論是做疑問(wèn)代詞還是限定詞,which 和 what 所指的范圍不同。what所指的范圍是無(wú)限的,而which則指在一定的范圍內(nèi),例如:
Which girls do you like best?
你喜歡哪幾個(gè)姑娘?
What girls do you like best?
你喜歡什么樣的姑娘?
4、who通常作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),whom作賓語(yǔ),例如:
Who is to take the chair? 誰(shuí)做主席?
Who is speaking? 是哪一位(打電話)?
Who(m) did you meet on the street?
你在街上遇到了誰(shuí)?(作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ))
Who(m) are you taking the book to?
你要把這書帶給誰(shuí)?(作介詞賓語(yǔ),置句首)
To whom did you speak on the campus?
你在校園里和誰(shuí)講話了?(作介詞賓語(yǔ),置介詞 后,不能用who取代。)
5、Whose, what, which這三個(gè)疑問(wèn)代詞可以用作:
(1) 主語(yǔ):
What happened next? 后來(lái)怎么樣了呢?
Whose is better? 誰(shuí)的好一些?
Which is yours? 哪是你的?
2) 表語(yǔ):
What’s your father? 你父親是干什么的?
Whose is it? 這是誰(shuí)的?
They are so alike, you can’t tell which is which. 他們是那樣相像,你都分不出誰(shuí)是誰(shuí)了。
(3) 賓語(yǔ):
What do you mean? 你是什么意思?
Which do you prefer? 你愿意要哪一個(gè)?
Whose are you going to borrow? 你預(yù)備借誰(shuí)的?
(4) 定語(yǔ):
Which train will you take? 你搭哪一班火車?
What time shall we meet again? 我們什么時(shí)候再碰頭?
Whose umbrella is this? 這是誰(shuí)的雨傘?
6、疑問(wèn)代詞還可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,例如:
I can't make out what he is driving at.
我不知道他用意何在。
Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?
你能告訴我床上的藍(lán)襯衣是誰(shuí)的嗎?
Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.
你說(shuō)的我大部分同意,但并不完全贊同。
小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法入門:指示代詞
表示“這個(gè)”,“那個(gè)”,“這些”,“那些”等意思的代詞叫做指示代詞。指示代詞分單數(shù)(this / that)和復(fù)數(shù)(these / those)兩種形式
1、指示代詞用法:
(1) 作主語(yǔ):
This is the way to do it. 這事兒就該這樣做。
This is what I want to emphasize. 這就是我想強(qiáng)調(diào)的。
This is a chair. 這是一把椅子。
That is Linda's book. 這是琳達(dá)的書。
Whose pens are those? 那些是誰(shuí)的鋼筆。
(2) 作賓語(yǔ):
We should always keep this in mind. 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)常記住這一點(diǎn)。
I like this better than that. 我喜歡這個(gè)甚至那個(gè)。
Have you read this? 你讀過(guò)這個(gè)嗎?
I like these but she likes those. 我喜歡這些,而她喜歡那些。
(3) 作表語(yǔ):
My point is this. 我的觀點(diǎn)就是如此。
Her plan is this. 她的計(jì)劃是這樣的。
His worries are those. 他的煩惱就是那些。
(4) 作定語(yǔ):
You can't swim at this time of the year. 你不能在這個(gè)時(shí)候游泳。
I don't like that man. 我不喜歡那個(gè)人。
We must get to know these tricks of theirs. 我們必須懂得他們這一套鬼花招。
2、指示代詞的用法區(qū)別
(1) this和these一般指在空間和時(shí)間上較近的事物,that和those一般指在空間和時(shí)間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物。
例:This is a map of China and that is a map of the world.
這是一張中國(guó)地圖,那是一張世界地圖。
Please come this way. We'll go in by that door. 請(qǐng)這邊走,我們從那扇門進(jìn)去。
In those year they led a hard life. 在那些歲月里,他們生活得很艱難
2) this和these常指后面將要講到的事物,有啟下的作用,that和those常指前面已經(jīng)講到過(guò)的事物,起承上的作用。
例:I shall say this to you: he is an honest man. 我將對(duì)你說(shuō)這一點(diǎn):他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。
He felt ill. That is why he didn't come. 他病了,那就是他沒來(lái)的原因。
He broke the glass, and that cost him five dollars. 他打破了玻璃,那花費(fèi)了他5美元。
(3) that和those有時(shí)可用來(lái)代替前面提到過(guò)的東西,以避免重復(fù)這個(gè)名詞:
These machines are better than those we turned out last year. 這些機(jī)器比我們?nèi)ツ晟a(chǎn)的好。
The oil output in 1988 was much higher than that of 1986. 1988年的石油產(chǎn)量比1986年高很多。
The history of China is as interesting as that of Russia. 中國(guó)的歷史同俄國(guó)的歷史一樣有趣。
(4) 在電話中,this表示打電話者,that表示接電話的對(duì)方。
例:A: Hello! This is Bob (speaking).喂,我是鮑勃。
B: Who's that please? 請(qǐng)問(wèn)是哪位?(美語(yǔ)用Who's it?或Who's this?)
3、such也是一個(gè)指示代詞,在句子中可用作:
(1) 定語(yǔ):
We have had such a busy day. 我們今天忙得真夠嗆。
I don’t like such weather. 我不喜歡這樣的天氣。
(2) 主語(yǔ):
Such was my immediate impression. 這就是我當(dāng)時(shí)的印象。
Such are the results. 結(jié)果就是如此。
(3) 表語(yǔ):
His illness was not such as to cause anxiety. 他的病還不至于使人焦慮不安。
4、same也可以看作指示代詞,在句中能作定語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ):
She said the same thing all over again. 她把同樣的話又說(shuō)了一遍。
The same may be said of his brother. 他弟弟也有這種情形。
Our views are the same. 我們的看法是相同的。
“Happy New year!” “The same to you!” “新年好!”“新年好!”
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