mba英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)
mba英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)
只需幾步，就能輕松搞定mba英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的mba英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法，供大家參閱!
mba英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：時(shí)態(tài)
一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)通常表示習(xí)慣動(dòng)作、一般狀態(tài)、客觀規(guī)律和永恒真理。如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù), 動(dòng)詞后需加s或es。
He always gets up late on Sundays.(習(xí)慣動(dòng)作)
He lives on a lonely island in the Pacific Ocean.(一般狀態(tài))
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. (客觀規(guī)律)
[提示]
在以等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中, 或以if, unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中, 通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。
I’ll ring you as soon as he comes back. (as soon as, when, after一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來時(shí)) You’ll succeed if you try you best. (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來時(shí))
二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作, 也表示目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行崐的活動(dòng)。表示后一種情況時(shí), 動(dòng)作不一定正在進(jìn)行。
They are putting up the scaffolding.(說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作)
Steve is studying Chinese in Beijing. (目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng))
[提示]
1. 并非所有動(dòng)詞都有進(jìn)行時(shí), 有些表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動(dòng)詞通常無進(jìn)行時(shí), 除非這類動(dòng)詞的詞義發(fā)生變化。這類動(dòng)詞有:be, love, like, hate, believe, think, feel, seem等。 Do you see anyone over there? (表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動(dòng)詞通常無進(jìn)行時(shí))
Are you seeing someone off? (詞義發(fā)生變化)
2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示將來的動(dòng)作: 它指按人們的計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或指即將開始的動(dòng)作。
I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow. (表示將來的動(dòng)作)
Imagine I’m seeing the Mona Lisa. (表示將來的動(dòng)作)
3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可用來給習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作加上贊賞或討厭等感情色彩。
She is always cooking some delicious food for her family. (感情色彩)
He is always finding fault with his employees. (感情色彩)
三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示目前已完成的動(dòng)作或剛剛完成的動(dòng)作, 也可表示從過去某一刻發(fā)生, 現(xiàn)仍延續(xù)著的動(dòng)作或情況。此時(shí)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。
The conference has lasted for five days. (已完成的動(dòng)作)
He’s just bought an nuusual taxi. (剛剛完成的動(dòng)作)
What did she say about it?
I have lived in Nanjing for 15 years. (對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響)
四、一般過去時(shí)
一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生且一下子就完成的動(dòng)作, 也可表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。一般過去時(shí)不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響, 只說明過去。
I had a word with Julia this morning. (一下子就完成的動(dòng)作)
He smoked forty cigarettes a day until he gave up. (習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作)
[提示]
1. 一般過去時(shí)常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或從句連用, 如yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when „等。
2.“used to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示“過去常常”而現(xiàn)在已停止的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。
He used to work fourteen hours a day. (過去常常)
另外, 注意區(qū)別“used to”和“be used to”。后者意為“習(xí)慣于„”, to為介詞, 后跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞。
She is used to hard work.
她習(xí)慣于艱苦工作。
五、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 也可表示過去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me his experiences as a young man. (過去正在發(fā)生)
Bill was coughing all night long. (過去反復(fù)發(fā)生)
六、過去完成時(shí)
過去成時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)之前已完成的動(dòng)作或狀況。在時(shí)間上, 它屬于“過去的過去”。在句中常有明顯的參照動(dòng)作或有表示“到過去某時(shí)為止”的時(shí)間崐狀語(yǔ)。
By the end of the war, the small workshop had become a large factory.
They found that a stream had formed in the field.
七、一般將來時(shí)
一般將來時(shí)表示某個(gè)將來時(shí)間會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況, 也可表示將來反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。
He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic. (將來發(fā)生)
The students will have five English classes per week this term. (將來反復(fù))
[提示]
be going to, be to, be about to等也可表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 但它們常常表示打算、計(jì)劃、安排和即將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。will表示說話人認(rèn)為、相信、希望或假定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。
八、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)
將來時(shí)間時(shí)表示將來某時(shí)正在發(fā)生或持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。其構(gòu)成: will+be+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。 I’ll be reading this time tomorrow. (將來正在進(jìn)行)
Most of the young people in the town will be meeting them at the station.(持續(xù))
九、將來完成時(shí)
將來完成時(shí)表示將來某時(shí)前已完成的動(dòng)作, 它與可用來表示推測(cè)。
They will have stayed here for five months next week. (將來完成)
By the end of next month, they will have studied twenty passages. (推測(cè))
十、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)間時(shí)表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。此動(dòng)作或情況可能已停止, 也可能繼續(xù)下經(jīng)也可表示剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作。
I’ve been working for IBM for 15 years.
I’ve been waiting for an hour but she still hasn’t come.
[提示]
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別是: 前者一般表示已結(jié)束的動(dòng)作或情況, 它強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。后者一般表示仍在進(jìn)行或剛剛還在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或情況, 它強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性。 I have thought it over.
我已經(jīng)考慮過這件事了。
I have been thinking it over.
我一直在考慮這件事。
Be carful! Peter have been painting the car.
mba英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法練習(xí)題
注意!彼得剛才還在給這部車上油漆。(油漆尚未干)。
Exercies 1 Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences:
1. Even if it _________ this afternoon, I will go there.
A. has rained C. rains B. will rain D. will have rained
2. _________ last year and is now earning his living as an advertising agent.
A. He would heave school C. He had left school B. He left school D. He has left school
3. We _________ each other for ten years. A. had known C. have been knowing B. have known D. know 4. They fulfilled the plan earlier than they _________ . A. have expected B. expected C. were expecting D. had expected
5. "Will she finish the work soon?" "Yes, she _________ by next Friday."
A. shall finish B. finish C. rains D. will have finished
6. It _________ almost every day so far this month.
A. is raining B. rained C. rains D. has been raining
7. My wife _________ .
A. has forever criticized me B. forever criticizes me C. was forever criticizing me D. is forever criticizing me
8. He _________ in a small workshop, but now he is the head of a big business company.
A. used to working B. was used to work C. used to work D. was used to working
9. My grandmother _________ rural life.
A. has used to B. used to C. is used to D. uses to
10. I _________ my breakfast when the morning post came.
A. has B. had been having C. was having D. have been having
11. I’m glad that Peter decided to come to the party because we _________ him for several years.
A. haven’t seen B. don’t see C. didn’t see D. hadn’t seen
12. The conference _________ a full week by the time it ends.
A. has lasted B. lasts C. will have lasted D. is lasted
13. The computer, working very fast, _________ data at the speed of light.
A. has handled B. handled C. handling D. handles 14. The sun _________ in the east and _________ in the wast. A. rise, set B. rises, sets C. rose, set D. is rising, is setting 15. Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkings _________ his experience as a young man.
A. was telling B. told C. tell D. is telling
mba英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：語(yǔ)態(tài)
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常用于下列幾種情況:
一、動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者無需指出或不明確時(shí)
Printing was introduced into Europe from China.
Rome was not built in a day.
二、為了強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者
Four people were killed and thirty-one injured in the bomb attack.
Susan was singled out for praise yesterday.
三、為了修辭的需要
He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door. Yesterdayu he visited our university and was welcomed by the President.
[提示]
1. 除及物動(dòng)詞外, 一些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也可作用被動(dòng)態(tài)形式, 除個(gè)別情況外, 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開使用。
This matter will be dealt with as soon as possible.(短語(yǔ))
2. 不及物動(dòng)詞(或相當(dāng)于一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)和表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞(或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)無被動(dòng)態(tài)形式, 如happen, rise, occur, take place, break out等; 以及l(fā)ack, fit, suit, equal, become, resemble, befall, consist of,look like等。
The story took place in 1949.
3. 將主動(dòng)態(tài)形式改為被動(dòng)態(tài)形式時(shí)如遇到動(dòng)詞后跟雙賓語(yǔ)的情況, 我們只能將其中之一變成主語(yǔ), 另一個(gè)保持不變。當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)變成主語(yǔ)時(shí), 保持在原位的間接賓語(yǔ)前需加介詞to。
I gave my hasband a tie as a birthday pressent.
→My hasband was given a tie as a birthday present.
→A tie was given to my husband as a birthday present.
Exercises 2 Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences:
1. The professor was knowledgeable and eloquent and ___B_______ with enthusiasm.
A. was always listened B. was always listened to
C. always was listened D. always listened to
2. He returned a week later and found his house ____D______ .
A. has broken into B. was broken into
C. to be broken into D. has been broken into
3. The United Kingdom _____C_____ Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
A. consisted of B. is consisted of
C. consists of D. consist
4. These oranges ______B____ nice. (smell feel taste主動(dòng)形式可表被動(dòng))
A. are tasted B. taste
C. is tasted D. tastes
5. In 1950, she was the largest ship that ______D____ .
A. was ever built B. has ever built
C. has ever been built D. had ever been built
6. The house suddenly collapsed while it ____C______ down.
A. was pulled B. pulled
C. was being pulled D. had been pulled
7. "How do you like your new position?" "I ____B______ ."
A. don’t satisfy B. am not satisfied(狀態(tài))
C. can’t satisfy D. haven’t satisfied
8. The sixth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, ________D__ and perfected now.
A. developed B. will have been developed
C. have developed D. are being developed
9. There are more than fifty proposals ___B_______ at the conference.
A. discussed B. to be discussed
C. discussing D. having discussed
10. Though Newton was a great scientist, many of his ideas
________D__ today and are being modified by the work of today’s scientists.
A. are to challenge B. are challenging
C. may be challenged D. have been challenged
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