英語語法從句引導(dǎo)詞that和where
that和where在從句的引導(dǎo)中，擔(dān)當(dāng)什么角色，它們相關(guān)的英語元有?下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的英語語法從句引導(dǎo)詞that和where，供大家參閱!
英語語法：名詞從句whether與that引導(dǎo)詞的區(qū)別
whether與that均可引導(dǎo)名詞從句，該如何區(qū)別呢?
__________ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. When
此題應(yīng)選 B。容易誤選A，C。
1. 關(guān)于if與whether：兩者都可引導(dǎo)賓語從句，?？蓳Q用; 但若引導(dǎo)主語從句，則用whether (不用if)，排除A。又如。如：
他是否會來還是個問題。
誤：If he will come is a question.
正：Whether he will come is a question.
2. 關(guān)于whether和that：兩者都可引導(dǎo)主語從句，其區(qū)別主要應(yīng)從句意來考慮：whether表示“是否”，由它引導(dǎo)的主語從句的意思通常是不確定的;that 引導(dǎo)主語從句時，本身沒有詞義(that在其他名詞性從句中也沒有詞義)，但是由that引導(dǎo)的整個主語從句的意思通常是確定的。試比較：
1. a. That we’ll hold a meeting is decided. 我們要召開一次會議，這已決定了。
b. Whether we’ll hold a meeting is not decided. 我們是否要開一個會，這還沒有決定。
2. a. That he has left here is clear. 他已離開了這兒，這點很清楚。
b. Whether he has left here is not clear. 他是 否已離開這兒，這還不清楚。
3. a. That he can finish it in two hours is clear. 他能在兩小時內(nèi)完成它，這是顯然的。
b. Whether he can finish it in two hours is a question. 他能否在兩小時內(nèi)完成它還是問題。
英語語法：Where引導(dǎo)的從句
一、Where引導(dǎo)定語從句—形容詞性從句
當(dāng)where 引導(dǎo)定語從句時，Where前有表示地點的先行詞，where 引導(dǎo)的從句修飾先行詞，Where是關(guān)系副詞，在從句中作地點狀語。例如：
1.He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane .(2001年上海)
評析：situation 是先行詞，其后是Where引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
2.This is the place where Luxun once lived .
評析： the place 是先行詞，其后是 where引導(dǎo)的定語從句 ，where 在從句中作地點狀語。
二、Where引導(dǎo)狀語從句—副詞性從句
當(dāng)Where引導(dǎo)狀語從句時，Where前沒有表示地點的先行詞，Where是從屬連詞，Where引導(dǎo)的從句修飾主句的謂語動詞。例如：
3.The famous scientist grew up where he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.(2002年春季高考上海)
評析：句中“the famous scientist grew up "這一部分是該句的主句，Where到句子最后是地點狀語從句，where前沒有表示地點的先行詞.
4.She found her passport where she lost it .
評析："passport"是主句 found 后的賓語，它并不是從句中l(wèi)ost的地點，因此 where 引導(dǎo)的是地點狀語從句，從屬連詞where引導(dǎo)的從句修飾主句的謂語動詞 found 。
三、where 引導(dǎo)賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句、同位語從句———名詞性從句
where引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，意思接近the place where ,可譯為：“……的地方”,where是疑問副詞。例如：
5. This is where Luxun once lived. (where 引導(dǎo)表語從句)
評析：此句與第2句意思一樣，即：這是魯迅曾經(jīng)住的地方。但語法功能不一樣，第2句中，where 前有先行詞 the place， the place在主句中作表語，而第5句中，where 引導(dǎo)的表語從句前沒有名詞，從語法功能看，where 引導(dǎo)從句的位置是表語位置，where 在表語從句中作地點狀語。
6.I don't know where Luxun once lived .(where 引導(dǎo)賓語從句)
評析：此句where 引導(dǎo)的是動詞know的賓語從句。Where引導(dǎo)的從句
7.She was free to go to where she liked and do what she liked . (where 引導(dǎo)賓語從句)
評析：此句中，where 引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞的賓語，意思接近 the place where。
8.We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. (where 引導(dǎo)同位語從句)
評析：本句中疑問副詞where 引導(dǎo)的從句，與其前面的名詞the question 是同位關(guān)系，the question 的具體內(nèi)容就是where 引導(dǎo)的從句，因此，where 引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句。
9.Where Mary was born is Beijing . 來自 www.yingyuyufa.com (where 引導(dǎo)主語從句)
評析：本句中疑問副詞where 引導(dǎo)的從句，放在主句主語的位置，因此這里where 引導(dǎo)的從句是主語從句。譯：瑪利出身的地方是北京。
鞏固練習(xí)：翻譯下列句子。
1.有志者事竟成。(Where引導(dǎo)狀語從句)
2.那是我父親工作的大樓。(Where引導(dǎo)定語從句)
3.司機問我想上哪兒去。(where 引導(dǎo)賓語從句)
4.書在你原來放的地方。(where 引導(dǎo)表語從句)
5.她回到她媽媽坐的地方。((where 引導(dǎo)介詞 to 的賓語從句))
6.請呆在原處。(Where引導(dǎo)狀語從句)
Keys:
1.Where there is a will, there is a way.
2.That is the building where my father worked.
3.The driver asked me where I wanted to go.
4.The book is where you left it.
5.She came back to where her mother was sitting.
6.Please stay where you are.
英語語法：定語從句中的that和which
很多同學(xué)可能都會覺得在使用定語從句的時候，有時不知該選擇that還是which作為引導(dǎo)詞。其實只要記得以下幾點，并多做練習(xí)，在具體的句子中加以理解，一切問題就可以迎刃而解了。
首先，that和which在從句里都可以做賓語和主語，做賓語時可以省略。在定語從句中,有種說法叫"關(guān)賓省",意思是關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語可以省略,不管是that，which，還是whom。但是which能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，that則不行。
其次，記得以下只能用that的幾種情況：
1. 當(dāng)先行詞為all, much, little, none及由any, every, some, no所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時。
如：We should do all that is useful to the people. 我們應(yīng)該做一切有益于人民的事情。
Please tell me anything that you know about the matter. 有關(guān)此事，凡是你所知道的請告訴我。
2. 當(dāng)先行詞被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等詞修飾時。
如：You can take any seat that is free. 任何空著的座位你都可以坐。
There is little work that is fit for you. 幾乎沒有適合你的工作。
3. 當(dāng)先行詞為序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時。
如：When people talk about the cities of China, the first that comes to my mind is Beijing. 人們談?wù)撈鹬袊某鞘械臅r候，我首先 想到的是北京。
This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term. 這是我們校本學(xué)期放映的第四部電影。
4. 當(dāng)先行詞為形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時。
如：The best that I could do was to apologize. 我唯一能做的就是賠禮道歉了。
This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read. 這是我讀過的一本最有趣的故事書。
5. 當(dāng)先行詞被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修飾時。
如： This is the very book that I'm looking for. 這正是我在找的書。
The only thing that we could do was to wait. 我們唯一能做的事就是等待。
注意：先行詞被the same修飾時，關(guān)系代詞也可用as。
如：I need the same book that / as you have. 我需要有你一樣的書。
6. 當(dāng)先行詞既包含人又包含物時。
如： They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them. 他們正在談?wù)撍麄兏信d趣的女英雄及她們的事跡。
7. 當(dāng)先行詞是疑問代詞who，which，what或主句以這些詞開頭時。
如：Who that has ever worked together with him doesn't admire him? 曾經(jīng)和他一起工作過的誰不欽佩他?
Which is the star that is nearer to the earth? 哪個是離地球比較近的星星?
8. 當(dāng)先行詞為主句表語或關(guān)系代詞為從句表語時。
如：That's a good book that will help you a lot. 那是本對你很有幫助的書。
Our school is no longer the place that it used to be. 我們的學(xué)?，F(xiàn)在已不是過去的那個樣子了。
9. 先行詞為time時，當(dāng)time表示次數(shù)，引導(dǎo)詞用that, 可省略。 當(dāng)表示時間，可用that或when引導(dǎo)，都可省略。
如：I do remember the first time(that) I had ever heard the sweetest voice in the world.我很清楚地記得當(dāng)我第一次聽到世界上最美的聲音的時候。
I did't remember the exact time (when/that) I arrived in Shanghai last month. 我不記得上個月到達上海的確切時間了。
最后，請注意以下幾種只能使用which的情況:
1. 在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞必須用which。
如： The house in which we live is very large. 我們住的房子非常大。
This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 這就是老師正在談及的那本參考書。
注意： 如果介詞不放在修飾事物的限定性定語從句的句首， which就可換為that， 例如： This is the question which/that we've had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we've had so much discussion. 這就是我們已經(jīng)多次討論過的問題。
2. 先行詞為“those+表事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時， 關(guān)系代詞通常只用which而不用that。
如：you should grasp well those skills which may be used in the future work.
最后，記得這個特殊情況吧：當(dāng)先行詞是表示原因或方式的名詞時，可以用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，相當(dāng)于介詞+which，that可以省略。
如： She likes the child for the very reason that (=for which) she loves his father. 她喜歡那個孩子因為她愛著孩子的父親。
He didn't like the way that (=in which) she speaks to his mother. 他不喜歡她對他的母親那樣說話。
Imagine the speed that (=at which) he drives the car. 很難想象，他開車開得那么快。
The reason (that /for which /why) he came here was to ask for our help.他來這里的原因是尋求我們的幫助。
看過英語語法從句引導(dǎo)詞that和where的人還看了：