英文語(yǔ)法入門(mén)
英文語(yǔ)法入門(mén)
動(dòng)詞的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，我們來(lái)看一看動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法是怎么樣的吧。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的英文語(yǔ)法入門(mén)，供大家參閱!
英文語(yǔ)法入門(mén)：第一人稱(chēng)用will還是shall
A、在前面的章節(jié)中，will專(zhuān)用來(lái)表示意圖：
I will wait for you.相當(dāng)于：
I intend to wait for you.
我會(huì)等你。
在不存在任何意圖的場(chǎng)合用shall，即shall用于不牽涉到主語(yǔ)愿望的動(dòng)作：
I shall be 25 next week.
下星期我就25歲了。
We shall know the result next week.
下周我們就會(huì)知道結(jié)果了。(因?yàn)榻Y(jié)果將在報(bào)紙上公布。)
Unless the taxi comes soon we shall miss our plane.
出租汽車(chē)要是不快點(diǎn)來(lái)，我們就要誤飛機(jī)了。
I'm sure I shan't lose my way.
我肯定不會(huì)迷路的。
I shall see Tom tomorrow.
明天我會(huì)見(jiàn)到湯姆的。(也許我們坐同一列火車(chē)上班。)
現(xiàn)在，shall的以上用法在較正式的英語(yǔ)中仍可見(jiàn)到，但在口語(yǔ)中已不再常見(jiàn)了。相反，通常用will：
I will be 25 next week.
下星期我25歲了。
We'll know the result tomorrow.
明天我們就會(huì)知道結(jié)果了。”
Unless the taxi comes soon we'll miss the plane.
出租汽車(chē)要是不快點(diǎn)來(lái)的話，我們就要誤飛機(jī)了。
I'm sure I won't lose my way.
我肯定不會(huì)迷路的。
但是，有時(shí)will可能改變句子的意思。如果在 I shall see Tom tomorrow這個(gè)句子中用 will代替 shall，就會(huì)變成 I will see Tom tomorrow。這個(gè)句子可能表示明天我要見(jiàn)湯姆的意圖。為避免這種模棱兩可的情況就用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)：
I'll be seeing Tom tomorrow.
明天我會(huì)見(jiàn)湯姆。
然而，shall在疑問(wèn)句中仍可使用。
shall常用在let's后面的附加疑問(wèn)中：
Let's go，shall we?
咱們走，好嗎?
用于建議：
Shall we take a taxi?
我們乘出租汽車(chē)，好嗎?
用于請(qǐng)求對(duì)方下命令或作指示：
What shall I do with your mail?
我應(yīng)該怎么處理您的信件?
用于推測(cè)：
Where shall we be this time next year?
明年的這個(gè)時(shí)候我們會(huì)在什么地方?(雖然這里也可以用will。)
B、shall表示決心
在前面已經(jīng)講到，通常是由will表示決心。但是，人們有時(shí)感到為了表示決心應(yīng)當(dāng)用另外一個(gè)“較重的”、通常不大用的詞，因此就用shall：
(in a speech)We shall fight and we shall win.
(在演說(shuō)中)我們決心戰(zhàn)斗，我們定會(huì)贏得勝利。
We will fight and we shall win也一樣可用。
有時(shí)shall這樣用表示許諾，就像第二人稱(chēng)shall所表示的那樣：
You shall have a sweet.
你會(huì)吃到一塊糖。相當(dāng)于：
I promise you a sweet.
我答應(yīng)給你一塊糖。
We shall win這個(gè)句子中，說(shuō)話人在保證能取得勝利。shall在日常會(huì)話中可以這樣用：
I shall be there，I promise you.
我會(huì)在那里的，我向你保證。
但這里will也一樣可用，對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)用will可減少麻煩。在對(duì)于究竟應(yīng)當(dāng)用shall還是用will存有疑問(wèn)的時(shí)候要用will。
英文語(yǔ)法入門(mén)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)的情況
1)名詞性從句及不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。
【例如】
To finish the work in advance is what he wants.
Smoking cigarettes is dangerous to your health
What seems easy in theory is difficult in practice.
What caused the accident is a complete mystery.
但是，what引導(dǎo)名詞從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，系動(dòng)詞也可以是復(fù)數(shù)形式。
【例如】
What we badly need here are qualified teachers.
2)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，后面跟著由including, with, together with, along with, like, in addition to, as well as, rather than, but, except, more than, accompanied by等連接的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
【例如】
Mary as well as her sister likes listening to music.
Doctor Richards, together with his wife and three children, is to arrive on the afternoon flight.
My best friend rather than anyone else has got the first prize in the speech contest.
3)one, one of, every, everyone, everybody, each, many a, either, neither, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody用作主語(yǔ)或修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
【例如】
Each man, woman and child has the same right.
Many a student doesn't like to do their homework.(many a student=many students)
Either of students is going to compete for the president of the students' union.More than one person was involved in the case.
Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university ____.
A) has been accepted
B) have been accepted
C) was accepted
D) were accepted
neither用作主語(yǔ)或修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。此外，定語(yǔ)從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故答案為C。
4)and所連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，指同一人、同一件事或同一概念時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：My best friend and adviser has changed his mind again.
Bread, butter and eggs is typical American Breakfast .
If law andsgroupsis not preserved, neither the citizen nor his property is safe.如果不能維持治安，公民和他的財(cái)產(chǎn)都不安全。
5)表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、體積、金錢(qián)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)作為整體來(lái)看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。
【例如】
Five thousands dollars is quite a large sum of money to me.
Fifty miles is too long a distance for one to walk on foot.
Ten years has passed but he didn't change at all.
6)“a portion of , a series of, a kind of, a body of, a species of, a pair of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。
【例如】
A series of accidents has occurred recently in America.
A pair of new glasses is quite expensive.
7)事件、機(jī)構(gòu)、國(guó)名、作品等專(zhuān)有名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
【例如】The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written by Mark Twain and it is an interesting book.The United Nations is an organization to defend world peace.
英文語(yǔ)法入門(mén)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況
1)both, some, few, many等用作主語(yǔ)或修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
【例如】
Both of my parents are over seventy years old.
Many students in my class have creative thoughts and wide knowledge.
2)“the +形容詞”作主語(yǔ)，在表示一類(lèi)人或事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
【例如】
The aged are well taken care of by the government.
The poor are often looked down upon by the rich.
The young have respect for the old in China.
3)a number of, a lot of, any of, most of, the rest of, some of, none of, all of修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
【例如】
Most of the teachers are responsible and knowledgeable.
A number of books have been published on the subject.
None of the books attract me a lot.
the number of表示“……的數(shù)量”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
【例如】
The number of books published on this subject is simply amazing.
The number of foreign visitors to China has been increasing over the last several years.
4)集合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，當(dāng)名詞表示整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);當(dāng)名詞強(qiáng)調(diào)集體中的個(gè)體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
【例如】
The family is the basic unit of society. The family have agreed among themselves to spend their vocation in Europe.
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