助動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)法講解及練習(xí)題

　　助動(dòng)詞是幫助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài),語(yǔ)態(tài),語(yǔ)氣以及否定或疑問(wèn)結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞.助動(dòng)詞分為時(shí)態(tài)助動(dòng)詞和結(jié)構(gòu)助動(dòng)詞兩種。下面學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家?guī)?lái)助動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)法講解及練習(xí)題，歡迎大家學(xué)習(xí)

　　一、助動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)法講解

　　1. 助動(dòng)詞be的用法

　　1) be +現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。例如：

　　They are having a meeting.　他們正在開會(huì)。

　　English is becoming more and more important. 英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越重要。

　　2)　be + 過(guò)去分詞，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：

　　The window was broken by Tom..　窗戶是湯姆打碎的。

　　English is taught throughout the world.　世界各地都教英語(yǔ)。

　　3) be + 動(dòng)詞不定式，可表示下列內(nèi)容：

　　a. 表示最近、未來(lái)的計(jì)劃或安排。例如：

　　He is to go to New York next week..　他下周要去紐約。

　　We are to teach the freshmen.　我們要教新生。

　　說(shuō)明： 這種用法也可以說(shuō)成是一種將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)法。

　　b. 表示命令。例如：

　　You are to explain this.　對(duì)此你要做出解釋。

　　He is to come to the office this afternoon.　要他今天下午來(lái)辦公室。

　　c.　征求意見。例如：

　　How am I to answer him?　我該怎樣答復(fù)他?

　　Who is to go there?　誰(shuí)該去那兒呢?

　　d. 表示相約、商定。例如：

　　We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.　我們明天早晨7點(diǎn)在校門口集合。

　　2. 助動(dòng)詞have的用法

　　1)have +過(guò)去分詞，構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)。例如：

　　He has left for London.　他已去了倫敦。

　　By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.　 上月未為止，他們已經(jīng)完成工作的一半。

　　2)have + been +現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：

　　I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在學(xué)英語(yǔ)，已達(dá)十年之久。

　　3)have +been +過(guò)去分詞，構(gòu)成完成式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：

　　English has been taught in China for many years. 中國(guó)教英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)多年。

　　3.助動(dòng)詞do 的用法

　　1)構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句。例如：

　　Do you want to pass the CET?　你想通過(guò)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)測(cè)試嗎?

　　Did you study German?　你們學(xué)過(guò)德語(yǔ)嗎?

　　2)do + not 構(gòu)成否定句。例如：

　　I do not want to be criticized.　 我不想挨批評(píng)。

　　He doesn't like to study.　 他不想學(xué)習(xí)。

　　In the past, many students did not know the importance of English.

　　過(guò)去，好多學(xué)生不知道英語(yǔ)的重要性。

　　3) 構(gòu)成否定祈使句。例如：

　　Don't go there.　不要去那里。

　　Don't be so absent-minded.　不要這么心不在焉。

　　說(shuō)明： 構(gòu)成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。

　　4)放在動(dòng)詞原形前，加強(qiáng)該動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣。例如：

　　Do come to my birthday party.　一定來(lái)參加我的生日宴會(huì)。

　　I did go there.　我確實(shí)去那兒了。

　　I do miss you.　我確實(shí)想你。

　　5)用于倒裝句。例如：

　　Never did I hear of such a thing.　 我從未聽說(shuō)過(guò)這樣的事情。

　　Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English. 進(jìn)了大學(xué)以后，我們才認(rèn)識(shí)到英語(yǔ)的重要性。

　　說(shuō)明： 引導(dǎo)此類倒裝句的副詞有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。

　　6)用作代動(dòng)詞。例如：

　　---- Do you like Beijing?　--你喜歡北京嗎?

　　---- Yes, I do.　--是的，喜歡。(do用作代動(dòng)詞，代替like Beijing.)

　　He knows how to drive a car, doesn't he? 他知道如何開車，對(duì)吧?

　　4. 助動(dòng)詞shall和will的用法

　　shall和will作為助動(dòng)詞可以與動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成一般將來(lái)時(shí)。例如：

　　I shall study harder at English.　 我將更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。

　　He will go to Shanghai.　　他要去上海。

　　說(shuō)明：在過(guò)去的語(yǔ)法中，語(yǔ)法學(xué)家說(shuō)shall用于第一人稱，will 只用于第二、第三人稱?，F(xiàn)在，尤其是在口語(yǔ)中，will常用于第一人稱，但shall只用于第一人稱，如用于第二、第三人稱，就失去助動(dòng)詞的意義，已變?yōu)榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞，試比較:

　　He shall come.　他必須來(lái)。(shall有命令的意味。)

　　He will come.　他要來(lái)。(will只與動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成一般將來(lái)時(shí)。)

　　5.助動(dòng)詞should, would的用法

　　1)should無(wú)詞義，只是shall的過(guò)去形式，與動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，只用于第一人稱。例如：

　　I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我昨天給他打電話，問(wèn)他我下周干什么。

　　比較："What shall I do next week?" I asked. "我下周干什么?"我問(wèn)道。

　　可以說(shuō)，shall變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，變成了should。

　　2) would也無(wú)詞義，是will的過(guò)去形式，與動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，用于第二、第三人稱。例如：

　　He said he would come.　 他說(shuō)他要來(lái)。

　　比較："I will go," he said. 他說(shuō)："我要去那兒。"變成間接引語(yǔ)，就成了He said he would come。原來(lái)的will變成would，go變成了come.。

　　6. 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

　　動(dòng)詞加小品構(gòu)成的起動(dòng)詞作用的短語(yǔ)叫短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。例如：

　　Turn off the radio.　把收音機(jī)關(guān)上。(turn off是短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)

　　短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成基本有下列幾種：

　　1)動(dòng)詞+副詞，如：black out;

　　2)動(dòng)詞+介詞，如：look into;

　　3)動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞，如：look forward to。構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的副詞和介詞都統(tǒng)稱為小品詞

　　二、練習(xí)題：

　　1.If it is fine tomorrow, we ______ a football match.

　　A. have B. will have C. has D. shall has

　　2.When he was at school, he ______ early and take a walk before breakfast.

　　A. will rise B. shall rise B. should rise would rise

　　3.In the past 30 years China ______ great advances in the socialist revolution and socialist construction.

　　A. has made B. have made C. had made D. having made

　　4.I ______ go to bed until I ______ finished my work.

　　A. don’t/had B. didn’t/have C. didn’t/had D. don’t/have

　　5.______ you think he ______ back by dinner time?

　　A. Do/have come B. Did/will have come C. Does/will come D. Do/will have come

　　6.He said that he dropped his bag when he ______ for the bus.

　　A. was runing B. was running C. were running D. is running

　　7.No sooner ______ he arrived home than he ______ to start on another journey.

　　A. has/was asked B. have/were asked C. had/is asked D. had/was asked

　　8.“______ you give me a room for the night?” I asked on arriving at the hotel.

　　A. Should B. Can C. Might D. May

　　9.There are nine of them, so ______ get into the car at the same time.

　　A. they may not at all B. all they may not C. they can’t all D. all they can’t

　　10.“We didn’t see him at the lecture yesterday.” “He ______ it.”

　　A. mustn’t attend B. cannot have attended

　　C. would have not attended D. needn’t have attended

　　11.“You realize that you were driving at 100 mph, don’t you?”

　　“No, officer. I ______. This car can’t do more than 80.”

　　A. didn’t need to be B. may not have been C. couldn’t have been D. needn’t have been

　　12.he was a good runner so he ______ escape from the police.

　　A. might B. succeeded to C. would D. was able to

　　13.If they ______, our plan will fall flat.

　　A. are co-operating B. had not co-operated C. won’t co-operate D. didn’t co-operate

　　14.I hoped ______ my letter.

　　A. her to answer B. that she would answer C. that she answers D. her answering

　　15.He ______ live in the country than in the city.

　　A. prefers B. likes to C. had better D. would rather

　　16.______ to see a film with us today?

　　A. Did you like B. Would you like C. Will you like D. Have you liked

　　17.I’m sorry, but I had no alternative. I simply ______ what I did.

　　A. must do B. had to do C. ought to have done D. have to do

　　18.“Time is running out,______?”

　　A. hadn’t we better got start B. hadn’t we better get start

　　c.hadn’t we better get started D. hadn’t we better not started

　　19.No one ______ that to his face.

　　A. dares say B. dares saying C. dare say D. dare to say

　　20.The students in the classroom ______ not to make so much noise.

　　A. need B. ought C. must D. dare

　　答案：

　　1-10 BDACD BDBCB

　　11-20 CDCBD BBCCB