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初中英語知識點講解

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初中英語知識點講解

  為了幫助大家強化英語知識點的記憶,下面學習啦小編為大家?guī)沓踔杏⒄Z知識點講解,供大家參考學習。

  初中英語知識點講解:定語從句

  一、關系代詞引導的定語從句

  1、由who, whom, that,Whose引導的從句

  這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,who作主語指人,whom作賓語指人,that既可作主語又可作賓語(作賓語可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用來指人或物,只用作定語。

  (1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那個想見你的男人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)

  (2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)

  (3) The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你剛剛說話的那個男人是我們的英語老師

  (4) he man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那個兒子是醫(yī)生的男人是我們的教授。

  2、由which, that引導的從句

  它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,作賓語時可以省略,例如:

  (1) Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在從句中作主語)

  (2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那個包裹快要散開了。(which / that在從句中作賓語)

  注意: 代表物時多用which,但在下列情況中用that而不用which:

  a)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代詞時;

  b)先行詞由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時,這時的that常被省略;

  c)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或被形容詞最高級修飾時;

  d)先行詞中既有人又有物時;

  e)整個句中前面已有which,who,that時;

  f)當先行詞為物并作表語時;

  g)先行詞為one時;

  h)先行詞同時又被the only,the very,the same修飾時;

  二、關系副詞引導的定語從句

  1、when指時間在定語從句中做時間狀語也可做連接詞用   I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

  2、where指地點在定語從句中做地點狀語    Shanghai is the city where I was born.

  3、why指原因在定語從句中做原因狀語 ,用在reason 后面。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

  初中英語知識點講解:虛擬語氣

  一、條件狀語從句

  1、與現(xiàn)在事實相反

  若與現(xiàn)在事實相反,虛擬語氣的條件從句的謂語用過去式(be通常用were),主句謂語用“should (would, could, might)+動詞原形”。如:

  If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你,我會帶把傘。(事實上我不可能是你)

  If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的電話號碼,我就可以給她打電話了。(事實上我不知道)

  2、與過去事實相反

  若與過去事實相反,從句:主語+had done , 主句:主語+should/would/could/might+have done ,例如:

  If I'd left sooner,I'd have been on time. 要是我早點動身,我就準時到了。(但我動身太遲了)

  If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那兒,我就會見到她。 (事實:去晚了)

  3、與將來事實相反

  從句:①if+主語+were to do 主句:①主語+should/would/could/might+do

  ②if+主語+did/were ②主語+should/would/could/might+do

 ?、踚f+主語+should+do ③主語+should/would/could/might+do

  例如:If he went,would you go too? 如果他去,你也去嗎?(大概他不會去)

  If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.   如果他明天來這兒的話,我就跟他談談。 (事實:來的可能性很小)

  注意與說明:對于與將來事實相反的情形,請注意以下幾點:

  一是這里說的與將來事實相反,實為對將來情況的推測;

  二是此用法中的條件從句謂語除用過去式外,有時也用“should+動詞原形”(表示可能性極小,常譯為“萬一”)或“were to+動詞原形”(表示與將來事實相反的假設);

  三是當條件從句使用“should+動詞原形”這樣的謂語時,主句謂語除可用“should (would, could, might)+動詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣外,也可用陳述語氣或祈使語氣。如:

  I should see him, I'll tell him. 萬一我見到他,我就告訴他。

  If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 萬一明天下雨,就別等我了。

  二、wish 后賓語從句

  1、表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望,謂語動詞用過去式 。例如:

  I wish I had your brains.   我希望我有你那樣的頭腦。(事實:我根本比不上你)

  2、表示與過去事實相反的愿望,謂語動詞:had+done   例如:

  I wish I had knownthe truth of the matter.   我希望我那時就知道這件事情的真相。(事實:那時還不知道)

  3、表示將來難以實現(xiàn)的愿望,謂語動詞:should/would(情態(tài)動詞) + 動詞原形

  I wish I should havea chance again.   我希望我還能有一次這樣的機會。(事實:很難再有這樣的機會了)

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