雅思閱讀的正確解題順序：順序原則
做過雅思真題的考鴨都體會(huì)過1小時(shí)做完雅思閱讀的緊張，3篇題量很大的閱讀真題對(duì)于大部分考鴨挑戰(zhàn)很大，一旦遇到答案找不到的情況，很多考鴨就會(huì)糾結(jié)。其實(shí)雅思閱讀有一個(gè)公開的做題原則：順序原則。學(xué)習(xí)啦今天就和大家分享如何用正確的雅思閱讀答題順序節(jié)省閱讀考試時(shí)間。
雅思閱讀的正確解題順序：順序原則
什么是“順序原則”?即雅思官方在題型特點(diǎn)注釋中所述的“Answers are in passage order.”若某題型符合這一描述，考生可以順著題號(hào)一題一題地往文章更靠后的位置找答案。
順序原則與題型：宏觀地看一篇雅思閱讀文章包涵的全部題型，答案分布的順序也符合題型出現(xiàn)的先后順序，例如全文包含先判斷題，后填空題這兩種題型，則較有可能出現(xiàn)的情況是判斷題答案分布在文章的前半部分，而填空題在文章后半部分。例如: 劍橋雅思真題集系列7，Test 4 Passage 1: 前7題判斷題分布于前6個(gè)段落，剩下的段落填空題分布于第9段，和前面7段無(wú)關(guān)。
接下來(lái)說說哪些題型符合“Answers are in passage order”(我們把題型總體分成四大類：判斷、選擇、填空和配對(duì))
1.判斷題，包括identifying information(TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN)和identifying writer’s views(YES/NO/NOT GIVEN)均嚴(yán)格符合“順序原則”。
2.選擇題。四選一的單選題符合順序原則，而多選題則無(wú)所謂順序原則，所選答案在list中的位置可能與它們?cè)谖恼轮谐霈F(xiàn)的先后順序不吻合，但是這種題型在答題卷上以任何順序?qū)懗鏊x答案都可以。
3.填空題，(在此我們把所有要填單詞作答的題型全部歸為填空題)，除段落概括填空(summary completion)以外，簡(jiǎn)答題(short answer questions)、句子填空(sentence completion)、表格填空(table completion)、筆記填空(notes completion)、流程圖填空(flow-chart completion)和示意圖填空(diagram labeling)均符合“順序原則”。針對(duì)段落概括填空，我們可以默認(rèn)它也為順序原則，但需要做好個(gè)別答案亂序的心理準(zhǔn)備(例如C7T4P1(Ant Intelligence)、C8T2P2(The Little Ice Age)
4.配對(duì)題。字面理解，“配對(duì)”即把混亂的項(xiàng)與相應(yīng)部分對(duì)應(yīng)起來(lái)，因此配對(duì)題很自然就是亂序的，包括段落標(biāo)題配對(duì)(matching headings)、段落信息配對(duì)(matching information)、人名與陳述配對(duì)(matching people to statements)和事件與時(shí)間段配對(duì)(matching events to time periods)等。
雅思閱讀答題注意事項(xiàng)
需要注意的是，順序原則僅適用于同一題型內(nèi)，若跨越了題型，就不一定了。例如：劍橋雅思C9T1Q18-26，18題至20題為short answer questions，21題至26題為identifying writer’s views，兩種題型均符合順序原則，但是20題的答案在文章的相應(yīng)位置并不一定出現(xiàn)在21題答案的相應(yīng)位置之前。
雅思閱讀解題指導(dǎo)方針
最后來(lái)說說雅思閱讀做題順序原則和解題過程的關(guān)系。兩者的關(guān)系主要體現(xiàn)在前者對(duì)如何讀題干的影響。對(duì)于遵守順序題型的題型，考生在審閱題干時(shí)候可以選擇審一題解一題的做法，因?yàn)橄嚓P(guān)內(nèi)容在文中按順序出現(xiàn)，這樣做考生也會(huì)感到循序漸進(jìn)，脈絡(luò)清楚。當(dāng)然，選擇在一開始講該題型的每個(gè)題干都審閱一遍也未嘗不可，可先完成較容易定位的題目，再活用順序原則，縮小較難定位題目所需的搜索范圍。對(duì)于亂序題型，特別是段落信息配對(duì)題，考生須在文中搜索答案之前審閱全部題干，因?yàn)樾畔⒃谖闹械姆植紴閬y序，所以第1題的信息有可能出現(xiàn)在比如，倒數(shù)第二段，而我們的閱讀順序，如前文所述，肯定是從頭段至尾段的。
雅思閱讀材料大集合：受傷松鼠寄居非洲女孩頭發(fā)2個(gè)月
A teenage girl from Zimbabwe is rearing an abandoned baby squirrel - in her hair. Abby Putterill, 16, says Hammy, a mopane squirrel, climbed into her tied-up hair one day and decided to stay.
津巴布韋16歲女孩艾比·普達(dá)魯爾飼養(yǎng)了一只被遺棄的小松鼠，這個(gè)小家伙就在艾比的頭發(fā)里安了家，艾比給它起名哈米。艾比說，哈米和她一見如故，一下就鉆進(jìn)了她綁起的頭發(fā)里賴著不走了。
The schoolgirl and her furry companion have been together for two months - and he is thriving. Hammy was just days old when he was found on the cold office floor of the Bally Vaughan Wildlife Sanctuary.
艾比和她毛茸茸的小伙伴已經(jīng)朝夕相處兩個(gè)月了——小家伙開始長(zhǎng)大了。哈米被發(fā)現(xiàn)的時(shí)候躺在巴利野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)站冷冰冰的地板上，那時(shí)它才剛出生幾天。
Abby's mother Debbie Putterill, who co-owns the park with husband Gordon, took the baby back to her home.
艾比的母親黛比和父親高登共同經(jīng)營(yíng)這家保護(hù)站，他們首先發(fā)現(xiàn)了哈米并把它帶回了家。
To the amazement of the family, Hammy made for her daughter, climbed on to her head and snuggled in to her hair. Abby wears her hair in a loose ponytail which she usually has tied up at the back, making a wonderful home-from-home for Hammy.
讓這家人很意外的是，哈米徑直跳到艾比身上，爬進(jìn)了艾比的頭發(fā)里。艾比當(dāng)時(shí)像平常一樣，后腦勺松松的綁了個(gè)馬尾，正好適合哈米安家。
Barring sleeping and showering, the squirrel and the schoolgirl are practically inseparable. Mrs Putterill said: 'He's doing really well and is growing up so quickly.
除了睡覺和洗澡，哈米和艾比幾乎形影不離。艾比的母親說：“小家伙生活的非常好，長(zhǎng)得也快。”
'When we first found him he was lying on the concrete floor of the office. He must have fallen out of the thatched roof after being abandoned.'
“第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)哈米的時(shí)候，它在硬邦邦的地板上躺著，一定是被遺棄后從茅草屋頂上掉了下來(lái)。”
'If we hadn't taken him in he would have died because he was only around ten days old.'
“如果不是我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了它，它可能已經(jīng)死了，畢竟它才出生10天左右?！?/p>
The youngster was nursed back to health on a diet of baby formula and cereal, regaining his strength and quickly becoming a member of the family.
哈米靠著嬰兒配方奶粉和麥片恢復(fù)了健康，成為了艾比家庭中的一員。
Mrs Putterill added: 'When he was tiny he refused to sleep anywhere else but on the palm of your hand but as he got older he started treating us like trees, burrowing under our clothes.
艾比的母親補(bǔ)充道：“一開始，小哈米愿意睡覺的地方只有手掌，長(zhǎng)大一點(diǎn)后，它就把我們當(dāng)成樹了，成天往衣服里鉆?！?/p>
'We've never had a squirrel do this before and it's really quite funny to see but he's happy enough to lie there and watch the world go by.'
“我們從來(lái)沒遇到過這樣的松鼠，不過也確實(shí)很有趣。躺在艾比的頭發(fā)里，它很開心，也能看到周圍的世界?！?/p>
雅思閱讀材料大集合：如何做一個(gè)早起鳥
At 6 AM, most of us are lucky if we have the energy to reach for a cup of coffee. Mornings may be rough, but hold off on sleeping in. There are perks to waking up with the sun, and we've got some tips on making it easier.
早上6:00，大部分人估計(jì)都沒那本事爬起來(lái)沖杯咖啡吧?早上是痛苦的，賴床怎么也賴不夠。不過，還是有辦法能讓你伴著陽(yáng)光醒來(lái)的，下面這些建議，就能讓你早起更輕松!
Snooze and Lose: The Need to Know
貪睡與損失：你有必要知道
The old “I’m just too tired” complaint may be more than a sorry excuse for waking up late. Research suggests there are biological differences between early larks, who wake up at the same time every morning and feel most active around 9 AM, and night owls, who get more stuff done once the sun goes down. And it may get easier to greet the day at dawn as we get older, thanks to body clock changes as we age .
那句“我只是太累了”的爛熟抱怨或許不只是晚起的借口那么簡(jiǎn)單。研究表明，“早起鳥”和“夜貓子”在生物上有著很多區(qū)別?！霸缙瘌B”每天早上同一時(shí)間清醒，上午9:00時(shí)大腦最為活躍;而“夜貓子”的辦事效率則在太陽(yáng)落山后更高。而且，老了以后或許會(huì)更容易適應(yīng)凌晨就醒的狀態(tài)，畢竟人體生物鐘也會(huì)隨著年齡增大而發(fā)生變化。
It turns out the early bird may get more than the worm. According to self-reports from college students, those who wake up earlier feel more optimistic and proactive than those who rise later. Other studies have found morning larks tend to be harder working and conscientious than night owls. (Still, it’s not clear whether waking up early actually makes someone more productive or optimistic.)
事實(shí)證明，早起的鳥兒或許真的就能吃到更多的蟲子。根據(jù)大學(xué)生的自我報(bào)告，早起的人比晚起的人要更樂觀積極。其他研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)，“早起鳥”比“夜貓子”更努力更自覺。(不過，早起是否真能讓一個(gè)人變得更有效率或更加樂觀，依然不甚清楚。)
And perhaps the secret to a 4.0 isn’t only hitting the books: Another study of university undergraduates found those who said they function better in the morning received higher grades than those who preferred the evening That’s possibly because morning risers are more likely to get to class on time or to forgo late-night partying. Researchers also suggest memory may improve during sleep, so getting to bed earlier in preparation for a morning alarm could help those exam notes soak in.
或許考高分的秘訣不只是“啃書本”了：大學(xué)生的另一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些自稱早上頭腦更清晰的人，通常也比那些夜晚型的人更容易考高分。這很可能也是因?yàn)樵缙鹦偷娜烁菀诇?zhǔn)時(shí)上課或不去參加深夜派對(duì)吧。研究人員還認(rèn)為，記憶可能會(huì)在睡眠時(shí)得到增強(qiáng)，所以早點(diǎn)上床準(zhǔn)備第二天早起的話，確實(shí)會(huì)有助于吸收記憶考試內(nèi)容吧。
Being a morning person may actually be good for our health, too. When UK researchers questioned adults about their sleep habits, they found people who stay under the covers on the weekdays until 9 AM are more likely to be stressed, overweight, and depressed than those who get up at 7 AM. Another study found teenagers who went to bed and woke up late were less inclined to hit the gym and more likely to be overweight than those who went to bed and woke up early. Talk about waking up on the wrong side of the bed. (Again, remember it’s not clear that waking up early causes stress, depression, or weight gain.)
而且，做一個(gè)早起的人確實(shí)也有益于身體健康。當(dāng)英國(guó)的研究人員調(diào)查成年人的睡眠習(xí)慣時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，工作日賴床賴到9:00的人，比那些7:00就起床的人更容易增加體重、感到沮喪有壓力。另有調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，較之于早睡早起型，那些晚睡晚起的年輕人不太會(huì)去健身運(yùn)動(dòng)，自然也就更容易發(fā)胖。這正是起不了床又毀了一天的情緒。(當(dāng)然，早起是否會(huì)導(dǎo)致壓力、抑郁或體重加劇，依然不甚明確。)
Good Day Sunshine: Your Action Plan
陽(yáng)光美好的一天：你的行動(dòng)計(jì)劃
Night owls aren’t totally out of luck. One study found evening lovers are more productive than morning people are at night. Still, being a morning person may be more advantageous for most people’s work schedules and routines, since the workday typically starts around 9 AM and the office is (usually!) not open at midnight. Regardless of the situation, there are ways to reset the body clock and happily greet the day:
“夜貓子”也不完全一無(wú)是處。有項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，“夜貓子”在晚上遠(yuǎn)比“早起鳥”有效率。不過，對(duì)大多數(shù)人的工作計(jì)劃和日常事務(wù)而言，早起還是很占優(yōu)勢(shì)的，畢竟，工作日上班通常都是9:00開始，而不是半夜!不管怎樣，還是有辦法調(diào)整生物鐘，從而開心擁抱新的一天的：
1. Get enough sleep. It may seem obvious, but getting those recommended seven to nine hours will make getting up earlier easier. Pro tip? Keep the laptop and other work out of the bed to sleep soundly.
保證充足睡眠?；蛟S有些老掉牙，但睡足7-9小時(shí)確實(shí)更容易讓你早起。小建議就是，請(qǐng)讓筆記本電腦以及其他事務(wù)遠(yuǎn)離床頭，酣睡一覺吧!
2. Stay consistent. Try to set the alarm clock for the same time every morning—including weekends. A constant wakeup call may make it progressively easier to jump out of bed.
保持持續(xù)一致。每天早上的鬧鐘都要設(shè)成相同的時(shí)間——周末也是。堅(jiān)持早上被這樣叫醒，然后你會(huì)越來(lái)越起得來(lái)床。
3. Start slowly. Pick a new wakeup time and gradually work towards it. Want to wake up at 7 AM but stuck at 8? Start by setting the clock for 7:45, and move down in 15-minute increments until that new time goal is reached.
循序漸進(jìn)。重新定一個(gè)起床時(shí)間，然后慢慢去適應(yīng)它。本想7:00起床，卻一直賴到了8:00?那就把鬧鐘調(diào)到7:45吧，留15分鐘間隙讓起床目標(biāo)更容易實(shí)現(xiàn)!
4. Skip the snooze. Disrupting sleep an hour or so before actually getting out of bed may disturb our REM cycle, which helps stimulate brain regions linked to cognition. Don’t want to mess with that (or bug a roommate with multiple alarms!). Set one alarm for when it’s time to rise—and maybe another a few minutes later in case you snooze through.
不要貪睡。還沒完全睡醒準(zhǔn)備起床卻被打擾，這樣可能會(huì)擾亂人體的REM(快速眼球運(yùn)動(dòng))周期，而REM則會(huì)刺激大腦的認(rèn)知區(qū)域。所以不要那樣，也不要設(shè)太多鬧鐘攪得室友睡不好覺!只在該起床的時(shí)間點(diǎn)設(shè)一個(gè)鬧鐘就行了，要是你特容易睡過頭，那就再調(diào)一個(gè)幾分鐘之后的吧。
5. Set some happy sounds. Skip the beeps and blares and set an alarm tone to something soothing or fun.
選一個(gè)愉悅的鬧鈴。不要再用滴滴滴類的鈴聲啦，選一個(gè)舒緩愉悅的吧。
6. Let in the light. Research shows a little light may be all we need to reset the body block. A simple solution is to keep the blinds open during the night. Or greet the day and brush your teeth outside!
讓陽(yáng)光灑進(jìn)來(lái)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，稍微一絲光亮或許就足以喚醒人體的生物鐘。一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的方法就是晚上把窗簾拉開，或者到外面去刷牙!
7. Eat breakfast. Sleepiness doesn’t disappear just from drinking a cup of coffee. Having enough time for some green eggs and ham (or maybe just a yogurt parfait) will also provide energy, not to mention it’ll boost that brainpower, too.
吃早飯。一杯咖啡并不能趕走瞌睡。花時(shí)間吃點(diǎn)有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的雞蛋漢堡(或乳酪)不僅補(bǔ)充能量，還能增強(qiáng)腦力呢。
8. Hit the gym. Those tired eyes may go away once a morning workout routine is in order. Exercise will definitely boost energy—give these early-bird exercises a try.
運(yùn)動(dòng)健身。早上若能安排健身，眼睛或許瞬間就能消除疲勞了。運(yùn)動(dòng)毫無(wú)疑問可以激發(fā)能量——嘗試一下“早起鳥”運(yùn)動(dòng)吧。
9. Treat yo’self. Have a reward waiting in the a.m. to motivate climbing out of the covers. Dive into some freshly based fruit and nut bars, or slide into a warm bath instead of taking a quick shower.
犒賞自己。早上設(shè)一份獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，激勵(lì)自己爬出被窩。比如吃點(diǎn)新鮮烘焙的水果和堅(jiān)果棒，或代之淋浴而泡個(gè)溫暖的熱水澡。
10. J.F.D.I. Sometimes we need to bite the bullet and “just f’ing do it." Researchers have found that creativity may flourish when we feel groggy, so don’t let a little drowsiness interrupt seizing the day!
拿出行動(dòng)吧!有時(shí)我們真的只要咬咬牙“拿出行動(dòng)”就行了。研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)，創(chuàng)意很可能會(huì)在人們昏昏沉沉?xí)r爆發(fā)，所以別讓頂點(diǎn)的瞌睡毀了新的一天哦!
雅思閱讀的正確解題順序：順序原則相關(guān)文章：
★ 雅思閱讀解題方法