【雅思口語Part2&3話題解析】幫助他人
口語水平的提高需要一段很長時間積累的過程,所以找對口語范文很關鍵。下面小編給大家?guī)怼狙潘伎谡ZPart 2&3話題解析】幫助他人。
【雅思口語Part 2&3話題解析】幫助他人
今天的題目是醬嬸兒滴:
Describe a time when you helped someone.You should say
who you helped
why you helped this person
how you helped this person
and explain how this person benefited from your help/ how you felt when you helped this person
丨話題分析
首先,答題的時態(tài),我們應該用一般過去時。
題目中的幾個問題,基本也都把我們描述一個事件類話題卡的常見的擴展角度都覆蓋到了。
時間/地點/人物/起因/經(jīng)過/結果
看題面似乎這個題目挺好說的,但是具體要到一個具體的經(jīng)歷,似乎又有一些難于表達。除了可以講到你幫助別人的經(jīng)歷,有的時候,我們被別人幫助的經(jīng)歷,在改變了主語之后,也是可以說到我們的回答里面去的。
我們把可能講的,也是比較好講的思路擴展一下:
學習中:
1. 在學習中,或者在學校里,我們一定幫助過別人,或者被別人幫助過。假如你的成績比較優(yōu)秀,你回去幫助成績一般的同學。假如你體育、音樂等其他科目比較強,也不可避免需要幫助一下你孱弱的同桌。
In school, I used to be the top student in terms of the exam result. So usually my tablemate come cross any questions on the textbook, he/she will seek for help from me.
My tablemate do not have the talent in taking exam as me, so I share many of my skills of how to prepare for the exam and how to make better use of time during the revision.
2.或者更簡單一點,你的同學因為身體或者家里的原因不能來上課,你有沒有幫沒有來上課的同學交作業(yè)或者抄筆記呢?
I remembered, in my second year in middle high school, my tablemate got a serious injury when he played basketball, so he had to spend two weeks in the hospital. In order to keep up with the progress of study in each subject, I took notes for him and after school, I will explain the key notes to him in the hospital and helped him with the assignment. Since then, we became best friends.
英語優(yōu)勢:
既然你一直在準備雅思,那么你的英語水平應該在你的朋友圈里面是比較優(yōu)秀的,我們可以圍繞你英語的優(yōu)勢展開描述。比如:
1. 給老外幫助
Help foreigner during the trip/ on the bus/ when they lost their way
2. 給家人制定旅行計劃、訂機票
Make sound travel plan for family members/ book airplane tickets for parents.
3. 輔導年紀小的弟弟妹妹
Help to teach English for my younger sister/ brother/ niece/ nephew
生活中:
常規(guī)但是老套的故事可以講:扶老奶奶過街,給同學送傘,陪家人看病。我個人覺得這些故事都略微過時,且其實不太好去描述。建議大家可以說說,在自己的家里,有沒有幫助長輩用電子產(chǎn)品,不如如何使用ipad,如何上網(wǎng)下視頻,如何微信發(fā)朋友圈等,應該大家都有過類似的經(jīng)歷。
My parents had never used computers/ mobile phones/ Wechat/ Weibo before, so I help them to surf the internet/ download videos from the website/ post photos on the friend circle (moment)
丨下面把題面的幾個小問題依次分析一下:
Who:
把你幫助的人簡單描述一下,比如個你的關系,以及叫什么,方便后面描述ta的情況。
Why:
原因必然是因為他有困難had difficulty in doing sth. 根據(jù)之前說的不同的故事,原因也是不同的。
How:
具體幫助的方式,可能是物質上的幫助,精神上的安慰,不斷的陪伴,耐心的教導。
Financially support the person/ emotionally comfort him/ constantly accompany him/ patiently instruct him
別人的收獲/我的感受:
前面一種問法,我們的回答無非是問題得到了很好的解決,被幫助的人對我們充滿了感激。
With my help, the problem had been solved. He was so grateful for what I had done. Since then, he can accomplish the task himself.
我們自己可以獲得的感受,必然是一些幫助別人的滿足感、成就感,或者覺得自己有更多的存在的意義和價值。
By helping him, I felt a great sense of fulfillment. I somehow figure out the meaning of my existence, that is, to contribute to the well-being of other people, and in this way, to make my life more valuable
丨下面根據(jù)生活中真實經(jīng)歷,為大家做一個答題示范:
The experience that I would like to describe today is, I think, about five years ago, when I helped an international student in my university to find where his department is. I remembered it was in the midday in a hot summer. So it was really unbearable. When I went back from somewhere to the campus, I saw a black young boy, who was, of course, a foreigner. His name is Ella. And he came from South Africa and he was a kind of lost his way, so he went to the school janitor to ask for the right direction to his department. But, unfortunately, the janitor cannot speak English. Besides, the most challenging part was that Ella himself didn’t know where to go because he did not print any of his admission letter or orientation guide with him. Some passers-by tried to help him, but they were confused by what he really wanted to go.
When I saw him in great trouble as he carried his two big cases with difficulties, I came to him. After I knew his situation, I decided to take him to the apartment where international students normally lived first. When we arrived in the apartment, he was further assisted by the apartment director and other international students and finally found his way to his school.
All in all, Ella benefited from my help as he successfully found his way to the right place, and for me, it was the first time that I made a foreign friend, so after that, we met several times and establish strong friendship.
雅思口語必要技巧三點
1. Fluency tip(流利要決)
千萬不要用中文式的嗯,阿來停頓,適當使用how to say, you know, let me think....進行過渡,用來顯示你說英文的自信與自然 !
2. Coherence tip (關聯(lián)要決)
最好在part 2的獨白階段適當使用關聯(lián)詞, 像first of all,
并列:also, moreover, in addition, what's more
轉折:however, on the other hand, but
結尾:at last, finally, most important of all (最重要的)
3. Lie tip (謊言要決)
必要時撒撒謊,for example: what's your favorite sports?
實際上你最喜歡的運動是羽毛球,但不會說怎莫辦,那你乒乓球會說吧,
這個謊是不是完全可以撒呀……
I really love playing table tennis, that's my favorite.
這就要看你的演技了,一定要撒個真誠的謊言:)or make a touching story!
因此口語是要靈活應變的,不要太死板.口語考試成功就得要掌握這三個要決。
雅思口語小心“潛規(guī)則”
潛規(guī)則一:不能只說Sorry
謙虛是中國人的傳統(tǒng)美德,影響并反映在每一個中國人身上。時至今日還有不少人在奉行著孔子在兩千多年前的信條:“知之為知之,不知為不知,是知也。”這固然是一種優(yōu)點,但在實際操作的時候還要講求方法。拿雅思口語考試來說,費聞立指出,如果考生不認識或聽不懂考題中的某個單詞,他們完全有權利來問考官,而且不會被扣分。
關鍵在于怎么問 — 假如你只是說一句Sorry或Sorry, I don’t know,給考官的印象就是你缺乏最基本的社交能力,甚至是一種不禮貌、不友好的態(tài)度,此類考生一定會被潛規(guī)則掉(即落入最多5分的范圍)。相反,如果你說“Sorry, what does this word mean?”或“Sorry, what does that mean?”或“Sorry, could you please explain this word to me?”,那是完全可以被接受的問話方式。因此,考生在碰到生詞或聽不懂某個單詞的意思時,第一,切莫慌張(因為聽不懂是很正常的事);第二;一定要使用得體的語言來詢問考官,千萬不能只說一聲Sorry!
潛規(guī)則二:話語中一定要有something original
先問一個常識性的問題,希望大家能不加思考地回答我:如果你是一位雅思口語考官,每次考試要接待30個考生,而每次問到food時,30個人都會異口同聲地說delicious;每次問到What do you think of Shanghai?時,30個人的開場白都是Shanghai is a beautiful city …,這時你會有怎樣的感受和心情?拿費聞立的話來說,“You will be bored to death!”(你會郁悶到死!)直白地說,考官也是人啊,也有人的所有感情及情緒啊,每天都聽到delicious, beautiful, important, international這些陳詞濫調,不煩悶才怪呢!
因此,費考官強烈建議考生:You must say something original and don’t say “beautiful” all the time. 也就是說,在考官心目中,原創(chuàng)的精神比什么都重要,再好的詞匯、再優(yōu)美的語言,一旦成了人人口中的陳詞濫調或“口水話”(英文叫cliché),就比任何東西都要糟糕。就剛才的food問題,我們完全可以說fantastic, incredible, marvelous等表示贊賞的詞,而談到對Shanghai的看法,情愿用Shanghai is a great city這種更簡單的語言來避免機械化的套路。說到原創(chuàng)精神的培養(yǎng),一是多開發(fā)點同義詞和近義詞,來替代原來的cliché;二是多與外教交流,及時注意他們在用詞方面的原創(chuàng)之處。比如老外絕對不會去說learn knowledge,而有一次我聽到一位外教說recipients of knowledge(知識的接受者),我就趕緊記下來,日后可以為我所用。
潛規(guī)則三:最恨兩樣東西 — generalized & memorized
在感覺與費聞立先生熟絡了之后,并發(fā)現(xiàn)他的話匣子已經(jīng)打開,我就單刀直入地問他,“What do you hate most in a candidate’s response?”略加思索后,他直言不諱地告訴我,他最恨兩樣東西,一個是過于籠統(tǒng)抽象的回答(generalized response),另一個是死記硬背的答案(memorized answer),并坦白地說,一旦他發(fā)現(xiàn)有這種傾向性,會立即糾正或警告考生,而如果考生繼續(xù)一意孤行的話,就把他們直接“打入地獄”。
通常的做法是bring them back to a narrower topic或者interrupt their memorized answer and ask them a very different question,由此可見考官對整個考試的操作靈活度是相當大的,也同時對各位考生提出了一種警示:膽敢用事先背好的答案在資深考官面前“耍大刀”無異于在玩一場極其危險的游戲,而該游戲的最終失敗者還是你自己!在此給出專家的建議:背誦一些優(yōu)秀的答案的確是有助益的,但需要注意兩點,一是盡量把memorized answer內(nèi)化,即變成你思想的一部分或你自己平時講話的一部分;二是在背誦之后,至少要能用三種不同的方式來復述一遍。能做到這兩條的考生就能把memorization變作一件有意義的事情!
雅思口語各部分內(nèi)容詳解
考試第一部分叫做“簡介以及問答”。內(nèi)容涉及生活中的方方面面。其中,hometown, study/work以及accommodation是必考題,并加入其他生活中常見的小話題,比如,birds, meals, language和driving. 雖然考題的話題范圍非常的寬泛,可以說是日常生活中的各種可發(fā)展對話的話題,可是,任其話題寬泛,卻并沒有任何會讓考生感到陌生的內(nèi)容。
就出題設計而言,是為了考生到國外生活的日常交往能力,可成為'small talk'。Small talk的中文翻譯是“小對話”或者“小談”,其實也真真切切地發(fā)生在我們每天的生活中。就其功能而言,small talk的主要目的是語言功能中的“人際功能”,并帶有一定的“信息功能”,而不強調其“感情功能”或者“施為功能”等。在英語國家中,人們常用“small talk”來破冰,維持對話,減少期間尷尬的沉默,來保持人與人之間的禮貌關系。所以,對話的內(nèi)容深度不不做過多的要求,而是更要求談話者講話有一定的長度,從而發(fā)展對話,保持對話關系。
這也就要求在考試中,能夠回答有一定長度的內(nèi)容。而不是簡短的回答問題的信息核心部分。
第二部分考試為“個人陳述,考官將給考生一個答題任務卡,卡上有一個相關的話題。考生有一分鐘的準備時間(如筆記),然后需就此話題進行1到2分鐘的陳述?!逼湫问揭呀?jīng)由雙方的對話,變化為考生自己的獨白。內(nèi)容可是生活中可描述的話題,包括人物,事件,地點,物品等。
個人陳述,也就是presentation,是國外學習生活不可或缺的一種重要能力,特別是在大學中,常常要做個人陳述,來展示自己論文架構,或者小組活動結果等。其要求是,能夠讓聽眾能夠清晰地知道講話內(nèi)容,并且在聽時沒有較大的困難去跟上整個陳述的思路。
這就要求考試中,除了詞匯和語法的正確運用,更加著重提高自己的流利度與連貫度。因為,如果一個陳述丟失了流利度,會很容易讓聽者失去“聽”的興趣,并造成理解上的困難。同時,一個陳述如果失去了連貫度,很難讓聽者緊跟演說者的思路,容易失去對整篇文章的把握。
第三部分考試為“雙向討論,考生將與考生就第二部分中出現(xiàn)的話題較為抽象的部分進行雙向討論”??梢钥闯觯荚囆问接肿?yōu)榱嘶邮?,并且在?nèi)容上從較為常見、易懂的生活化的話題,變成了難尋規(guī)律的、較深奧的話題討論。這種要求說話者思維敏捷,知識淵博的討論(Discussion), 也會成為國外生活與學習的重要組成部分。
生活中,涉及的上午會談;學校學習中,常常要參加小組討論(Groupwork)。這都要求說話者用詞要精準,說話要有嚴密的邏輯性,才能說服聽眾。其實在實際雅思考試中,這部分考題體面本身也會較難。所以,考生的回答要基于對考官提問的精準理解上。
這部分的考試,又對考生的詞匯應用有了進一步的要求??忌莆盏氖窃谟懻摬皇煜さ脑掝}時,怎樣用自己夠寬泛,夠變化的詞匯去參加討論。并且在過程中,能夠辯論得有理有據(jù),有說服力。講話要前后照應,有很好的連貫度。即使因為話題的不熟悉,出現(xiàn)一些流利度上面的問題,也盡量是對話題的思考,而不是語言上的缺失。
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