托福口語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的6個(gè)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤
托??谡Z(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的6個(gè)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤
在托??谡Z(yǔ)考試中,如果你的口語(yǔ)中有太多語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤,無(wú)疑是得不到高分的。那我們?cè)撊绾伪苊饽?小編為大家整理托??谡Z(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的6個(gè)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤,希望幫助大家繞開(kāi)誤區(qū),順利備考。
托??谡Z(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的6個(gè)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤
1、時(shí)態(tài)
時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤可以算語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤中最低級(jí)而又最不易發(fā)現(xiàn)的兩種了。它的低級(jí)是因?yàn)闀r(shí)態(tài)是所有考生在筆頭上都已掌握的很好;但一轉(zhuǎn)到口頭上,就很難保持了。請(qǐng)看以下的例子:
Part I問(wèn)題:Why did you choose to study that subject? 針對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題,可能口語(yǔ)老師會(huì)教你用"the reason why I…is that…"這個(gè)句型來(lái)回答。但所有考生在第一次作答時(shí),基本上都會(huì)忽略所提出問(wèn)題的時(shí)態(tài),而在作答時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)回答:The reason why I choose to study this subject is that I aminterested in learning it at that time。很顯然,正確的回答應(yīng)該把句中的choose變?yōu)閏hose,is變?yōu)閣as,am也要相應(yīng)的變成was: 如:The reason why I chose to study this subject was that I was interested in learning it at that time.
2、there be句型與have/has混雜使用
這一問(wèn)題的出現(xiàn),要?dú)w罪于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的there be句型,如There has been a big change in myhometown.有許多考生在記住這個(gè)句子之后在想表示"有"這個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候都,往往會(huì)把there be與have/has同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一句話中,而句子的含義并非想表達(dá)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如:There have many wild animals in my country. 而正確的說(shuō)法為There are many wild animals in my country.或My country has many wild animals.
3、形容詞比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)
在形容詞變比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)時(shí),只有三個(gè)音節(jié)以上(含三個(gè)音節(jié))的形容詞才需要加more或the most,其他的形容詞都是直接加er或者去y變ier的規(guī)則變化,但是有的考生在作答時(shí)極易忽略該形容詞是否規(guī)則變化,而想當(dāng)然的再三音節(jié)以下的形容詞前加more或the most。如:It's more easy for me to find a job withthis major. 而正確的說(shuō)法為:It's easier for me to find a job with this major.
4、形容詞ing與ed的區(qū)別
你可能可以熟練的背出"ing"是形容一件事或一種東西,"ed"是形容人這一口訣,但是你敢肯定自己在作答中不會(huì)犯這種錯(cuò)誤碼?看以下及組形容詞:interesting與interested;exciting與excited;surprising與surprised。什么叫形容人?基本上來(lái)講,可能出現(xiàn)的情況無(wú)非以下兩種:a. somebody + be動(dòng)詞 + 以ed結(jié)尾的形容詞 + 介詞 + something 如:I'm surprised about this piece of news. b. somethingmake(s) somebody + 以ed結(jié)尾的形容詞 如:This piece of news makes me surprised. 什么叫形容一件事或一種東西?也就是:a. something + be動(dòng)詞 + 以ing結(jié)尾的形容詞 如:This piece of news is surprising. b. 以ing結(jié)尾的形容詞 + 名詞 如This is a surprising piece of news.
5、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)忽略成分
有些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的搭配是固定的,只有把短語(yǔ)完整的說(shuō)全的情況下才可以接之后的名詞,但許多考生很容易忽視這一點(diǎn)。如:listen to, go to, look forward to, pay attention to等等。所以我們要在練習(xí)中盡可能的回憶課堂上所交的那些口訣,來(lái)確保每一個(gè)說(shuō)出的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)不會(huì)遺忘任何成分。
6、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后不加動(dòng)詞原形
有的考生會(huì)因?yàn)檫^(guò)度重視時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題,如一味的想著整個(gè)作答都要基于某種時(shí)態(tài)而忽略情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后要加動(dòng)詞原形這一原則。如I thought the reason why I chose to study that subject was I could got a betterjob after learning that。而正確的說(shuō)法則是I thought the reason why I chose to study that subject was I could get a better job after learning that.
詳解托??谡Z(yǔ)中復(fù)述的3種方法
在托??谡Z(yǔ)的備考過(guò)程中,掌握復(fù)述方法,對(duì)于自己沖刺托??谡Z(yǔ)的高分將是會(huì)有很大的幫助的。但是,在復(fù)述的表達(dá)中,有存在了怎么的一些細(xì)節(jié)和方法呢?現(xiàn)在我們就為大家詳細(xì)介紹一下托??谡Z(yǔ)中復(fù)述的三種方法。
1.間接轉(zhuǎn)述(Indirect Speech)
口語(yǔ)復(fù)述的實(shí)質(zhì)是將聽(tīng)到的和看到的話語(yǔ)用自己的話以口頭方式再轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)出來(lái)?!爸苯右觥笔侵苯右谜f(shuō)話人的原話,而要用自己的話把別人的意思轉(zhuǎn)述出來(lái)就稱為“間接轉(zhuǎn)述”。托??谡Z(yǔ)考試中一般應(yīng)采用“間接轉(zhuǎn)述”的方法:針對(duì)特定問(wèn)題,用自己的話把讀到、聽(tīng)到的對(duì)話內(nèi)容或演講內(nèi)容再重復(fù)出來(lái)。對(duì)考生來(lái)說(shuō),這當(dāng)然是一個(gè)更高層次的要求。因?yàn)?,首先要?tīng)得懂、讀得懂別人的觀點(diǎn),其次才能在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行加工處理,變?yōu)樽约旱恼Z(yǔ)言再陳述出準(zhǔn)確意思來(lái)。這時(shí)候,“善于把別人的東西據(jù)為己有”就不再是一個(gè)“惡劣的行徑”了。此時(shí)此刻,它將轉(zhuǎn)化為一個(gè)極為有效的、甚至是高效的手段,以此來(lái)達(dá)到“借雞下蛋”的目的。
請(qǐng)看下面幾例:
例1:My mother said: “I'm so tired that I don't want to cook. Shall we eat out tonight?”
→My mother said that she was so tired that she didn't want to cook and she suggested that we should eat out that day.
例2:Tom said: “I've already seen the film.”
→Tom said that he had already seen the film.
間接轉(zhuǎn)述應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)規(guī)則:
?、?在轉(zhuǎn)述的引語(yǔ)前一般要用連詞that:(如例1、例2所示);
?、?要根據(jù)意思改變?nèi)朔Q(如例4所示);
?、?當(dāng)要轉(zhuǎn)述的言語(yǔ)為連貫的話語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)用go on(繼續(xù)),continue(接著),add(補(bǔ)充)等,以及各種引述動(dòng)詞,如:note(指明),remark(談及)
?、?間接轉(zhuǎn)述不是重復(fù)原話,因此,時(shí)態(tài)要有所變動(dòng)。一般來(lái)講,現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去時(shí),過(guò)去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí)。指示代詞、地點(diǎn)及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也要作必要改動(dòng)。
2.釋義、意譯(Paraphrasing)
Paraphrase (to express in a shorter or clearer way what someone has written or said) 就是用你所知道的,或者對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)較容易的詞匯、短語(yǔ)、以及語(yǔ)法去解釋那些較為難懂的語(yǔ)句。
3.概述(Summarizing)
Summarize (to make a short statement giving only the main information and not the details of a plan, event, report, etc.) 就是用簡(jiǎn)練話語(yǔ)概括描述一篇材料的中心思想。
新托??谡Z(yǔ)考試的聽(tīng)、讀材料都不長(zhǎng),三言兩語(yǔ)即可概括全文的中心意思,沒(méi)必要長(zhǎng)篇大論。當(dāng)然,時(shí)間也不允許這樣做。所以,高度概括的口語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力是順利通過(guò)托福口語(yǔ)考試的法寶之一。