雅思聽力多選題常見難點(diǎn)解讀
在雅思聽力考試中，多選題幾乎是在每場考試中都有出現(xiàn)的題型，但是很多考生認(rèn)為多選題有一定難度。那么今天小編為大家介紹一下雅思聽力多選題常見的難點(diǎn)解析，希望各位能通過實(shí)際例子的講解，能幫助我們消化和吸收，結(jié)合練習(xí)來掌握多選題的解題技巧。
雅思聽力多選題常見難點(diǎn)解析
一般多選題分為5選2和7選3兩種，極偶爾會有7選2這樣的情況，2個或3個答案相互獨(dú)立，且答案順序不影響評分，即這2個或者3個答案并非算做同1題，不過，也極偶爾會出現(xiàn)2個或者3個選項(xiàng)只算1題的情況。下面對雅思聽力多選題常見難點(diǎn)解析做詳細(xì)的分析。
一、雅思聽力選擇題之：同義替換
同義替換是聽力選擇題的核心考點(diǎn)，多選題肯定也不例外，同義互換給考生造成的疑惑點(diǎn)也可想而知，如果沒有聽懂原文的意思，那么很難將原文相應(yīng)內(nèi)容與選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容對應(yīng)上，也就直接導(dǎo)致答案選不對甚至直接感覺答案都沒在聽力原文里出現(xiàn)過。多選題和單選題很像，同義替換的位置不僅會在選項(xiàng)上，同樣也會在題干里面，而且同義替換的方式多變。
比如，劍橋4 Test2 Section3的第25, 26兩題：
What TWO disadvantages of the questionnaire form of data collection do the students discuss?
A. the data is sometimes invalid
B. Too few people may respond
C. It is less likely to reveal the unexpected
D. In can only be used with literate populations
E. There is a delay between the distribution and return of questionnaire
原文：
ROSA: No, I’m sure it talked drawbacks as well, didn’t it? Something about the response rate and the problems you get if it’s too low. (B)
MICK: Yeah, but we only need data from five subjects anyway.
ROSA: I suppose so. Another drawback I remember it mentioned was that questionnaire data tends not to reveal anything unexpected (C), because it is……
我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，問題當(dāng)中的disadvantage這個詞，換成了drawback, 還有選項(xiàng)B中的few替換成了too low。這些同義替換都是最基本的近義詞、同義詞間的互換。
而且這些同義替換都是常見的，重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的，所以難度不大。對于這樣的題目或者說這樣的同義替換，考生們肯定要在平時多積累常見的同義替換的單詞、詞組，多去延伸某一個單詞的近義詞、同義詞。就拿上面那個例子當(dāng)中disadvantage 和drawback的同義替換來說，在劍橋3、劍橋7、劍橋9當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)了至少4次。
當(dāng)然也有同義替換難度比較大的，比如：劍橋6 Test1 Section4的第38, 39, 40三題：
Which THREE of the following problems are mentioned in the connection with 20th century housing in the East End?
A. Unsympathetic landlords
B. Unclean water
C. Heating problems
D. High rents
E. Over crowing
F. Poor standards of building
G. Houses catching fire
答案C, E, F在文中對應(yīng)的內(nèi)容為：
Houses were crowded closely together and usually very badly built. (F)
Few houses had electricity at this time, so other sources of power were used, like coal for the fires which heated perhaps just one room. (C)
A tiny, damp, unhealthy house like this might well be occupied by two full families, possibly including several children, grandparents, aunts and uncles. (E)
這樣的同義替換是一種概括總結(jié)型的同義替換，這樣的替換方式?jīng)]有辦法死記，因?yàn)槊看翁鎿Q的內(nèi)容都可以不一樣，不像近義詞同義詞的對等替換，概括總結(jié)型的同義替換是一種從屬性質(zhì)的替換，選項(xiàng)在意思上將原文內(nèi)容意思高度概括，從而達(dá)到一種對應(yīng)，這樣的替換不僅要求考生聽懂原文當(dāng)中句子的意思，而且還要有同義互換的主動意識，也就是說要能夠在聽懂意思的基礎(chǔ)上積極主動的去思考聽懂的信息是否與某個選項(xiàng)匹配。否則，很多考生就會聽懂原文意思，但沒有反應(yīng)過來聽懂的意思可以和哪個選項(xiàng)對應(yīng)。
實(shí)例講解如何_雅思聽力單選題
雅思聽力單選題一、以問句形式出現(xiàn)的單選題
此類單選題以WH QUESTION(who, when, what, where, why, how等)形式出現(xiàn)，由于選擇對象明確，此類題目相對容易做，在做題過程中應(yīng)注意干擾方向。
例1：Cambridge 4 Test 2 Section 1 Question 3
Who did Peter talk to at the bank?
A. an old friend
B. an American man
C. a German man
解析：通過讀題干可得知選擇對象是某個人，并且出現(xiàn)了地點(diǎn)狀語at the bank，由此圈定事件的發(fā)生地。由選項(xiàng)可得知答案可能出現(xiàn)人物的國籍干擾因素。原文為He is a tourist, from New York. 由此可判斷選擇B選項(xiàng)。
例2：Cambridge 4 Test 3 Section 2 Question 11
When is this year’s festival being held?
A. 1-13 January
B. 5-17 January
C. 25-31 January
解析：通過讀題干可得知選擇對象是時間，并且明顯是時間段。this year’s festival限定了選擇對象的時間范圍，所以在文中可能出現(xiàn)時間上的干擾。原文中首先提到在過去幾年中時間都是定在5日到17日左右，因此可排除B選項(xiàng)，接著說this year, they’ve put it at the end of the month, 盡管沒有提到具體時間，但顯然應(yīng)該選擇C選項(xiàng)。
例3：Cambridge 4 Test 3 Section 2 Question 12
What will the reviewer concentrate on today?
A. theatre
B. dance
C. exhibition
解析：通過讀題干可得知選擇對象是一個事物，時間狀語today的出現(xiàn)說明題目中可能存在時間上的干擾，我們要選擇的是評論家當(dāng)天要介紹的，而不是其他時間要講的。原文中三個選項(xiàng)同時出現(xiàn)了，但隨后的信息中又提到in today’s report, I’m looking at some of the theatrical events that you might like to see. 由theatrical events可得知應(yīng)選擇A選項(xiàng)。
雅思聽力單選題二、非問句形式出現(xiàn)的單選題
此類選擇題相對復(fù)雜一些，選擇對象不明顯，需根據(jù)題目和選項(xiàng)意思尋找題目思路。此類選擇題選項(xiàng)也相對來說也比較長，比較復(fù)雜，容易受干擾因素影響。雅思中國網(wǎng)海外考試研究中心總結(jié)發(fā)現(xiàn)，這類題目雅思?？嫉闹饕幸韵聨最悾?/p>
1. 概念解釋：考試中常常會就文中提到的某些概念或名詞作一些解釋，這些概念通常是不熟悉的，或者很容易產(chǎn)生誤解的。此類題目通常會以從句的形式出現(xiàn)，如…is who…/…is when…./…is that…./being…is….或者以一個簡單句sth be…/sth do…出現(xiàn)
例1：Cambridge 3 Test 1 Section 4 Question 36
Being overweight
A. is a major source of back pain
B. worsens existing back pain
C. reduces the effectiveness of exercise.
解析：結(jié)合題干和選項(xiàng)，本題要求對超重作一個解釋，是一個簡單句，并且AB選項(xiàng)都和back pain有關(guān)，C選項(xiàng)則和exercise有關(guān)。原文中提到back pain時說到：the weight will increase the strain and make things worse，因此B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。
例2：Cambridge 4 Test 2 Section 4 Question 31
Corporate crime is generally committed
A. against individual
B. by groups
C. for companies
解析：題目要求對corporate crime進(jìn)行解釋，是一個簡單句，補(bǔ)充的為一個介詞短語，三個選項(xiàng)都和犯罪主體或?qū)ο笥嘘P(guān)。原文用be defined as來引出定義：crime which is committed for the corporate organization-the company-not against it。幾乎和原題是一樣的表達(dá)方式，因此答案為C.
例3：Cambridge 4 Test 2 Section 2 Question 18
Loans are also available to students who
A. can’t pay their rent
B. need to buy furniture
C. can’t cover their living expenses
解析：該題為一個復(fù)雜句，補(bǔ)充的是一個定語從句來解釋哪種學(xué)生能得到貸款，并且從選項(xiàng)中可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這種貸款和生活有關(guān)。原文中提到：when you move into a new flat, starting up expenses including furniture for it can be covered by a loan。因此B為正確選項(xiàng)。
2. 個人,機(jī)構(gòu)的看法，建議，喜好：在這類選擇題中通常能看到advise, suggest, recommend, like, think, according to等表示意見建議及喜好的單詞和詞組。在做題的過程中必須先搞清楚題目要求弄清的是誰的想法，是站在哪方的角度上考慮的，否則就很容易出錯了。
例1：Cambridge 3 Test 1 Section 4 Question 32
According to the speaker, the main cause of back pain in women is
A. pregnancy
B. osteoporosis
C. lack of exercise
解析：題目要求找出女性背痛的一個主要原因，并且是說話人的一個個人想法。三個選項(xiàng)在原文中都有出現(xiàn)，當(dāng)提到osteoporosis時說到：which I personally believe to be the major cause of problem for women，表達(dá)了自己的意見，因此答案為B.
3.表原因，結(jié)果，條件：這類考題也是非常多見的，題干的句末通常是because, because of, be caused by, if 等表示原因、結(jié)果、條件的詞。
例1：Cambridge 4 Test 2 Section 2 Question 14
A personal crisis may be caused by
A. studying for too long overseas
B. business problems in the student’s own country
C. disruptions to personal relationships
解析：題目要求找出引起個人危機(jī)的原因，三個選項(xiàng)描述的內(nèi)容各不相同，并且在原文中都有提到。在做題時必須區(qū)分哪個是原因，選項(xiàng)的表達(dá)方式是否正確。粗略聽下來會覺得文講到的原因似乎在選項(xiàng)中都有，仔細(xì)分辨選項(xiàng)就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，A中too long為多余成分，文中沒有提到;B中business problem為真正意義上的商業(yè)問題，而文中只是講到y(tǒng)ou might call “unfinished business”，實(shí)際上business就是 affair的意思，因此這個答案也是錯誤的，正確的為C選項(xiàng)。
例2：Cambridge 4 Test 2 Section 2 Question 15
Students may lose self-esteem if
A. they have to change courses
B. they don’t complete their courses
C. their family puts too much pressure on them
解析：題目要求找出在哪種情況下學(xué)生的自尊心會受到傷害，選項(xiàng)AB與課程有關(guān)，不同的是A選項(xiàng)指換課，B選項(xiàng)指完不成課程。原文中有聽到C選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容，但沒有跟自尊心聯(lián)系起來。原文中提到：if you fail a subject or drop out of a course because it’s too difficult then your self-esteem can suffer，then前后的內(nèi)容表達(dá)了事情條件和結(jié)果。因此答案為B。
4. 句意補(bǔ)充：有些考題要求把句子補(bǔ)充完整，通常補(bǔ)充動詞短語、賓語或補(bǔ)語。此類考題形式多樣，需結(jié)合題干和選項(xiàng)從語法上判斷補(bǔ)充的成分的詞性和類型。
例1：Cambridge 4 Test 2 Section 2 Question 17
Students in financial difficulties can receive
A. assistance to buy books
B. a loan to pay their course fees
C. a no-interest loan to cover study expenses
解析：題目要求補(bǔ)充一個賓語，選項(xiàng)中BC都和loan有關(guān)。文中提到學(xué)生可得到貸款，但low interest loan，很容易就能否定掉C選項(xiàng)。講到貸款的作用時出現(xiàn)了to buy books，因此答案為A。
例2：Cambridge 4 Test 3 Section 3 Question 24
Readingsessions help students to read
A. analytically
B. as fast as possible
C. thoroughly
解析：題目要求補(bǔ)充動詞read的狀語。文中提到get into the habit of analyzing material as you read it，說明在閱讀過程中要做到邊閱讀邊分析，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
例3：Cambridge 5 Test 3 Section 2 Question 19
The university accommodation officer will
A. send a list of agents for students to contact
B. contact accommodation agencies for students
C. ensure that students have suitable accommodation
解析：題目要求補(bǔ)充完整謂語成分，根據(jù)題目意思可知與解決住宿問題有關(guān)。原文中提到有許多租房中介，并且學(xué)校負(fù)責(zé)住宿的官員會代表學(xué)生與之聯(lián)系：will deal with the agencies on your behalf，因此正確答案為C。
5. 考時間，地點(diǎn)，數(shù)字：這是非常細(xì)節(jié)的考題，盡管目標(biāo)明確，但往往會有很多陷阱或者考生不熟悉的表達(dá)方式出現(xiàn)，所以讀題時要注意干擾信息的方向的判斷，在定位之后一定要仔細(xì)分辨信息。
例1：Cambridge 4 Test 3 Section 3 Question 22
The “Study for Success” seminar lasts for
A. one day
B. two days
C. three days
解析：通過讀題可發(fā)現(xiàn)可用“Study for Success” seminar來定位，原文提到時間時并沒有直接說幾天，而是講出了具體哪幾天：that’s on the first and second of February. 因此答案為2天，很容易忽略。
例2：Cambridge 4 Test 4 Section 4 Question 38
Most sharks are caught in
A. spring
B. summer
C. winter
解析：題目考季節(jié)，在原文中也提到了具體的月份—November to February，很容易選擇冬天。但文章介紹的是澳大利亞的鯊魚，屬于南半球，季節(jié)正好與北半球相反，因此根據(jù)常識應(yīng)選擇夏天。
例3：Cambridge 6 Test 4 Section 4 Question 32
Pictures of Asiatic lions can be seen on ancient coins from
A. Greece
B. TheMiddle East
C. India
解析：通過讀題干可得知亞洲獅的形象是在銀幣上的，我們需要找出是哪國銀幣。聽題過程中會發(fā)現(xiàn)三個地區(qū)都有聽到，但都提到時只是再說這幾個區(qū)域曾經(jīng)有亞洲獅出現(xiàn)。之后有Greek coins出現(xiàn)，很顯然應(yīng)該選擇A。
例4：Cambridge 4 Test 2 Section 2 Question 19
The number of students counseled by the service last year was
A. 214
B. 240
C. 2600
解析：通過題干可得知要選的數(shù)字是指人數(shù)，并且是去年的人數(shù)。原文中2600的單位為hours，顯然不正確。此題的目的就是考查學(xué)生能否正確區(qū)分14和40，根據(jù)重音不同，不難區(qū)分出答案為B。
淺談雅思聽力代詞中的學(xué)問
在這幾類代詞中如：人稱代詞(I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they及其賓格);物主代詞(my, your, his, her, its及其復(fù)數(shù)，mine, yours, his, hers, its及其復(fù)數(shù));指示代詞(this, that, these, those)對考試的影響比較大。這些詞很小，在聽題或者做題過程中都非常容易被忽略，而考生如果沒有弄清楚代詞的指代，理解上一定會有出入，導(dǎo)致做題出錯。
很多考生做題的準(zhǔn)確率低都跟審題不到位有關(guān)系，看了題卻沒真正看懂，或者沒有記住題目說了什么，等做題時邊聽邊看把握不好平衡就容易出錯。分析認(rèn)為，不注意代詞就是審題不到位的一種表現(xiàn)。
例1：劍5 Test 1 Section 4 Question
31. According to George Bernard Shaw, men are supposed to understand __politics___, economics and finance.
32. However, women are more prepared to _______ about them.
在審題時非常容易預(yù)測到32題需要填的是一個動詞原形，根據(jù)31和32兩題之間however的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系以及上下句分述男女的不同情況，可以想到them指代的為31題中提到的politics, economics and finance。原文：……unwilling to accept essential instruction. He also said, A woman, having fewer pretensions, is far more willing to learn. 原文兩句話都是作家George Bernard Shaw提出的有關(guān)男女對政治經(jīng)濟(jì)的不同對待態(tài)度，根據(jù)這層關(guān)系及詞性，learn為最終答案。
專家提醒廣大考生，在做選擇題時要特別注意問題和選項(xiàng)之間的結(jié)合，千萬不能利用問題定位完之后就拋開問題信息只判斷選項(xiàng)正確與否。選項(xiàng)本身對了不代表選項(xiàng)是正確的，如果和問題沒有正確的邏輯關(guān)系依然是錯誤的選項(xiàng)。
例2：劍8 Test 2 Section 3
Question 22. A problem with Asian honey bees is that they
A. attack native bees
B. carry parasites
C. damage crops
問題中的they指代Asian honey bees, 即三個選項(xiàng)的主體。原文有點(diǎn)復(fù)雜，定位點(diǎn)聽到后就需要對代詞進(jìn)行判斷：What’s wrong with Asian Honey Bees(定位點(diǎn))? Are they (Asian Honey Bees) so different from Australian bees? Well, in fact, they (Asian Honey Bees) look almost the same, but they (Asian Honey Bees) are infested with mites—microscopic creatures which live on them (Asian Honey Bees), and which (mites) can seriously damage our own home-grown bees, or could wipe them out. 很多考生常常因?yàn)槁牭絛amage而錯選了A選項(xiàng)，damage的主體其實(shí)是mites而不是Asian Honey Bees, 因此不成立;如果錯選了C選項(xiàng)，則是沒有注意到crops完全沒有出現(xiàn)，這種錯誤更不應(yīng)該。如果這兩個選項(xiàng)能夠成功排除，那么即便parasite(寄生蟲)不認(rèn)識也可以選出B選項(xiàng)。
同理Question 23. What point is made about Australian bees?
A. Their honey varies in quality.
B. Their size stops them from pollinating some flowers.
C. They are sold to customers abroad.
選項(xiàng)中的their和they都是指Australian bees。原文中：Australia exports native Queen bees to a large number of countries because of this. 該句是正確選項(xiàng)C的對應(yīng)點(diǎn)，但是考生可能由于對export和sold abroad的同義轉(zhuǎn)換不敏感而忽略該信息。而B選項(xiàng)對應(yīng)的句子when the European Honey Bee was first discovered out in the bush……and they (European Honey Bee) were also too big to pollinate many of our native flowers here in Australia中出現(xiàn)了和選項(xiàng)中一樣的單詞，干擾性比較強(qiáng)，但主體是European Honey Bee, 和原文不符。
從以上例子看來，審題時理解到代詞的指代意義是非常重要的，當(dāng)然更重要的是在聽題的時候也能夠理解代詞的指代。
例3：劍4 Test 2 Section 2
Question 12. Stress may be caused by
Question 13. International students may find stress difficult to handle because
這兩道連續(xù)的選擇題都是和stress相關(guān)的，因此在第一題的內(nèi)容講完后，原文中說道：you have to cope with all this without your usual social network. 該句話和Question 13的題干同義轉(zhuǎn)換：international students轉(zhuǎn)換為you, stress轉(zhuǎn)換為this, handle轉(zhuǎn)換為cope with, 由于定位名詞stress轉(zhuǎn)換成了this不容易被發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以考生很容易在定位上出現(xiàn)問題。
例4：劍5 Test 4 Section 4 Question 37-40, 這是一道典型的以代詞來判斷答案的題目，如果在聽的時候注意不到代詞的指向，會覺得題目講得特別快，很難選擇。如：
Question 38. advising on bibliography presentation _________
原文：Your tutors will tell you at the outset how to set out the chapters they (tutors) require but you will need to ask them (tutors) how they (tutors) would like you to organize the bibliography. 在該句中考生在聽的時候需要理解到they和them指的就是前面提到的tutor才能做出正確選擇，而由于語速問題，審題不全面或者整體節(jié)奏沒有跟上等等原因，很多考生都非常容易在這里出錯。
另外，還要提醒考生們關(guān)注的是，考生在聽每一篇文章，不論是對話還是獨(dú)白時，都可以在開頭介紹處關(guān)注一下對話的雙方或者說話者和聽話者分別是誰，這對理解或者猜題都有好處。上文例4中的international students為說話人口中的you就能體現(xiàn)出這一點(diǎn)。
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