雅思聽(tīng)力同義替換點(diǎn)解析
為了幫助大家備考雅思聽(tīng)力，提高聽(tīng)力成績(jī)，下面小編給大家?guī)?lái)雅思聽(tīng)力同義替換點(diǎn)解析，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助!
雅思聽(tīng)力同義替換點(diǎn)解析
雅思聽(tīng)力千變?nèi)f化，讓同學(xué)們糾結(jié)其變化根源。之前我們一起看過(guò)同義替換的兩種模式：解釋說(shuō)明以及部分整體。但是除此之外，大家會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有時(shí)候詞匯的變化讓我們摸不著頭腦，比如說(shuō)，同樣一個(gè)單詞increase，有時(shí)候替換為improve，有時(shí)候替換為better，一不留神就會(huì)過(guò)去，毫無(wú)印象。想要掌握同義替換，就要透過(guò)表面尋找規(guī)律，通過(guò)規(guī)律再把握本質(zhì)。今天我們一起來(lái)看同義替換的另外幾種模式。
(一) 詞性變化
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，詞性的變化也屬于同義替換的一種，大致分為兩種，一種為簡(jiǎn)單的詞性變
如manage= management; beautiful= beauty等。
如圖1中C6T2S3的25題中managing the classroom= classroom management. 如圖2中C11T1S1的6題可以看出，arrange entry= arrangement of entry.從兩題可以看出，伴隨著manage詞性的變化，所填答案詞的位置也發(fā)生了變化，所以同學(xué)們遇到此種類型的題目時(shí)，應(yīng)該在預(yù)判階段時(shí)刻注意。
(二) 修飾結(jié)構(gòu)
修飾結(jié)構(gòu)，顧名思義，表修飾的成分，比如形容詞，比如定語(yǔ)從句。那修飾結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該如何同義替換呢?同學(xué)們記住兩個(gè)詞語(yǔ)：前置或后置。那是什么意思呢?我們還是用雅思聽(tīng)力真題來(lái)分析。
如圖1中C12T5S4所示, tasks的修飾成分為 that are unnecessary，此種情況之下，便會(huì)變化為unnecessary tasks，如圖2中C11T2S1中people who are disabled可以同義替換成disabled students. 大家可以從這兩個(gè)例題中找到規(guī)律，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)預(yù)判答案詞為形容詞并且在定語(yǔ)從句中時(shí)，答案詞會(huì)前置到先行詞的前面。
通過(guò)四個(gè)例題的分析，今天我們一起學(xué)習(xí)了兩種同義替換的模式：詞性變化和修飾結(jié)構(gòu)的變化。這兩種同義替換的應(yīng)用一般是在預(yù)判時(shí)，注意點(diǎn)為答案詞位置的變化。如果預(yù)判時(shí)大家沒(méi)有注意到詞性以及位置的變化，就會(huì)很容易漏聽(tīng)。
雅思聽(tīng)力同義詞替換集錦
常見(jiàn)同義詞替換：
1、培養(yǎng)：Develop, cultivate, foster
2、優(yōu)勢(shì)：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength
3、缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness
4、解決：Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle
5、損害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize
6、給與：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford
7、使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle
8、重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative
9、認(rèn)為：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced
10、保護(hù)：Protect, conserve, preserve
11、確保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge
12、有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental
13、要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition
14、消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away
15、導(dǎo)致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate
16、因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this
17、增長(zhǎng)至：Grow to, rise to, increase to, go up to, climb to, ascend to, jump to, shoot to
18、降低至：Dip to, fall to, decline to, decrease to, drop to, go down to, reduce to, slump to, descend to, sink to, slide to
19、保持穩(wěn)定：Level out, do not change, remain stable, remain still, remain steady, be stable, maintain the same level, remain unchanged, be still, remain the same level, stay constant, keep at the same level, level off, stabilize, keep its stability, even out
20、急劇地：Dramatically, drastically, sharply, hugely, enormously, steeply, substantially, considerably, significantly, markedly, surprisingly, strikingly, radically, remarkably, vastly, noticeably
21、平穩(wěn)地：Steadily, smoothly, slightly, slowly, marginally, gradually, moderately, mildly
22、發(fā)展：Development, advance, progress
23、有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding, advantageous
24、影響：Influence, impact, effect
25、對(duì)比而言：By contrast, in contrast, on the other hand, on the contrary, conversely
26、展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe
27、明顯的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear
28、占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose
29、與…相比：Compared with, compared to, in comparison with, in comparison to, by comparison with, by comparison to
30、大約：Approximately, almost, about, around, nearly, roughly
31、波動(dòng)：Fluctuate, go ups and downs, display a fluctuation, demonstrate a fluctuation
32、事實(shí)上：Practically, in practice, essentially, in essence, in reality, in effect, in fact, as a matter of fact, it is a fact that
33、換言之：Namely, that is to say, in other words, to put it like this, to put it differently, to put it from another way, to put it from another angle
雅思聽(tīng)力技巧：同義替換
Firstly， 數(shù)字替換。數(shù)字是必考點(diǎn)，除了聽(tīng)寫(xiě)以外也會(huì)有同義替換的情況出現(xiàn)。
其中一種類型是表示比例的數(shù)字替換
例如：劍五test1section4 40題 When investing in stocks and shares, it is suggested that women should put a high proportion of their savings in______.
錄音原文：it is usually advised that at least 70% of a person’s savings should be in low-risk investments.
題中的a high proportion(一個(gè)很高的比例) 在錄音中被替換成了70%，這是結(jié)合語(yǔ)境得出的同義替換，如果老師在單詞表中給你70%=a high proportion，你一定覺(jué)得莫名其妙。因此要想更靈活的掌握同義替換，一定要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，靈活掌握并不斷積累。
數(shù)字替換的另一種常見(jiàn)類型：句子解釋數(shù)詞
例如：25-31 January
錄音原文 they’ve put it at the end of the month.
日期區(qū)間1月25號(hào)到31號(hào)被描述成月末
Secondly，解釋型替換。即用句子來(lái)解釋詞或短語(yǔ)的情況。這種同義替換需要同學(xué)們對(duì)句子有整體理解，對(duì)聽(tīng)句子和語(yǔ)法能力要求高一些，如果僅能聽(tīng)到或理解一部分詞，將很難應(yīng)對(duì)。
例如：劍十test2section2 12題
What is unusual about Brackenside pool?
原文內(nèi)容：such as a recycling system – the only one of its kind in the world…
題干中unusual(與眾不同的)在原文中被描述成世界唯一，屬于句子解釋單詞的情況。
當(dāng)然，也會(huì)出現(xiàn)名詞的解釋型替換
例如：劍四test3section2 14題
Where does Circus Romano perform?
A in a theatre
B in a tent
C in a stadium
錄音原文：which is really like a canvas portable building, usually put up in a green space or car park. 通常被搭建在綠地或停車(chē)場(chǎng)的帆布材質(zhì)的便攜建筑。
通過(guò)句子翻譯，描述的就是帳篷。所以此題選B
Lastly，反義替換。也相當(dāng)于正話反說(shuō)，屬于同義替換中特殊的一種，可以用中文舉個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子，比如老師說(shuō)：同學(xué)，你需要再胖一點(diǎn)兒。那么其實(shí)我的意思就是你太瘦了。在劍橋真題中也有很多類似的說(shuō)法
例如：劍四test4section3 28題
Experiment 2 _boring_
錄音原文：The experiment needs to be more interesting and active.
這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)需要變得更生動(dòng)有趣一些，實(shí)際是覺(jué)得實(shí)驗(yàn)很無(wú)聊，等同于boring。
劍九test1section4 39題
1994 dolphin stranding – only the ___leader____ was ill
原文內(nèi)容： Apart from the leader, all the others had been healthy 除了頭領(lǐng)，其他海豚都是健康的。意思就是頭領(lǐng)病了。所以此空填leader
雅思聽(tīng)力技巧之識(shí)別聽(tīng)力陷阱
1.出爾反爾或無(wú)中生有
這兩個(gè)陷阱一般會(huì)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)。
舉個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)，well，I think thefifteenth of December will be the best time. But thereare exams on thesixteenth, so how about tenth? 在這段錄音材料中，我們可以明顯看到了出爾反爾。遇到這樣的陷阱，重點(diǎn)要關(guān)注停頓以及轉(zhuǎn)折詞，往往在這樣的情況下會(huì)出爾反爾，而無(wú)中生有則是錄音中并沒(méi)有提到，但是因?yàn)閷W(xué)生沒(méi)太聽(tīng)懂，所以就不能判斷了。
2.氣候地理問(wèn)題
這類題對(duì)于中國(guó)的烤鴨們來(lái)說(shuō)，問(wèn)題還是比較明顯的。
舉個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)，有一段關(guān)于sharks in Australia的錄音，其中有一句話說(shuō)From Decemberto February;提問(wèn)這時(shí)候是什么季節(jié)。大部分烤鴨們毫不猶豫地就選擇了winter,，那么就又掉入了出題者的陷阱中，澳大利亞的季節(jié)正相反：夏天是從十二月到二月。
3.同義替換
同義替換是雅思聽(tīng)力中的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)和重點(diǎn)，各種題型中都會(huì)出現(xiàn)替換。同義替換包括詞替換，詞組替換，主被動(dòng)替換以及加減關(guān)系的替換。
a.詞替換：指簡(jiǎn)單意義上的兩個(gè)詞語(yǔ)的替換，如錄音中說(shuō)的是pressure,但在題干中出現(xiàn)的卻是stress。
b.詞組替換：如把regard…as替換成consider…as。
c.主被動(dòng)替換：如把Population shift has causedthe pressure替換成Thepressurehas been caused by population shift。
d.加減關(guān)系的替換：加減關(guān)系的替換是同義替換中比較復(fù)雜的一種替換方式。
4.主客觀混淆
很多烤鴨對(duì)這個(gè)陷阱不是非常敏感，常常在不知不覺(jué)中就把答案寫(xiě)錯(cuò)了。在做雅思聽(tīng)力題的時(shí)候一定要看清題干，看要求回答的到底是主觀還是客觀的情況。
5.補(bǔ)充選項(xiàng)
很多烤鴨們對(duì)補(bǔ)充選項(xiàng)陷阱了解很少。補(bǔ)充選項(xiàng)是指部分答案已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)，但是還有一部分答案在后面出現(xiàn)，需要補(bǔ)充在前面的答案中。
舉個(gè)例子，Parisis a city of fashion and another city is New York.補(bǔ)充選項(xiàng)也是一個(gè)比較難判斷的陷阱，但是有一些標(biāo)志詞可以幫助烤鴨判斷這題會(huì)不會(huì)出現(xiàn)補(bǔ)充選項(xiàng)。
這些標(biāo)志詞是：another/other/ like /similar /the same…as…/also/too.一旦出現(xiàn)這些標(biāo)志詞，烤鴨們就要小心標(biāo)志詞附近的信息點(diǎn)，判斷其能否作為補(bǔ)充選項(xiàng)。
6.次序混亂
次序混亂是指錄音中說(shuō)話順序和題干順序不同，在一般表格題和多項(xiàng)選擇題同時(shí)出現(xiàn)的section中出現(xiàn)的機(jī)率很大，這時(shí)候就要烤鴨們?cè)诘谝粫r(shí)間預(yù)測(cè)和判斷，再采用次序混亂的解題方法。
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