關(guān)于英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句的用法

　　賓語(yǔ)從句,是名詞性從句的一種。在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),位于及物動(dòng)詞、介詞或復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)之后的從句稱為賓語(yǔ)從句。同學(xué)們有沒(méi)有學(xué)會(huì)呢。還沒(méi)掌握的快抓緊啦。接下來(lái)小編在這里給大家?guī)?lái)英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句的用法，我們一起來(lái)看看吧!

　　英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句的用法

　　1概念

　　假如一個(gè)句子作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)的話，我們把這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。

　　賓語(yǔ)從句的完整結(jié)構(gòu)是“主句+引導(dǎo)詞+從句”。

　　Eg: He said that he visit his teacher last year

　　2引導(dǎo)詞

　　通常引導(dǎo)陳述句的引導(dǎo)詞是“that”

　　引導(dǎo)一般疑問(wèn)句的引導(dǎo)詞是“if”和“whether”

　　引導(dǎo)特殊疑問(wèn)句的引導(dǎo)詞則是眾多的特殊疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞, what who when 等。

　　Eg: He asked me if (whether) I was a teacher.

　　直接引語(yǔ)變成賓語(yǔ)從句

　　直接引語(yǔ)：直接引用別人說(shuō)的話

　　間接引語(yǔ)：轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)別人說(shuō)的話

　　直接引語(yǔ)變成賓語(yǔ)從句，如果冒號(hào)，引號(hào)里是陳述句形式，要用“that”引導(dǎo)，同時(shí)從句中的人稱，時(shí)態(tài)，指示代詞，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等都要發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化。

　　3人稱的變化：遵循一主二賓三不變

　　"一主"是指在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果從句中的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語(yǔ)的人稱變化。

　　如：She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go withher.

　　"二賓"是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，若從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第二人稱。或被第二人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語(yǔ)一致。如果引號(hào)外的主句沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)。也可以用第一人稱。如：He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then

　　"三不變"是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)。如果從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱一般不需要變化。

　　如：Mr Smith said. "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker

　　4時(shí)態(tài)變化(從句的時(shí)態(tài)向前倒一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài))

　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)——一般過(guò)去時(shí)

　　一般過(guò)去時(shí)——現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

　　現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)——過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　一般將來(lái)時(shí)——過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)——過(guò)去完成時(shí)

　　過(guò)去完成時(shí)——過(guò)去完成時(shí)

　　Eg: She said. "I have lost a pen."

　　→She said she had lost a pen現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)——過(guò)去完成時(shí)

　　She said. "He will go to see his friend".

　　→She said he would go to see his friend一般將來(lái)時(shí)——過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

　　但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一般不變化。

　　1.直接引語(yǔ)是客觀真理。(地球圍著太陽(yáng)公轉(zhuǎn)，月亮影響潮汐)

　　"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me.

　　→ The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。

　　2.直接引語(yǔ)是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：

　　Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John

　　where he was going when he met him in the street。

　　3.直接引語(yǔ)中有具體的過(guò)去某年、某月、某日作狀語(yǔ)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：

　　Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 21,1980。

　　4.直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，變間接引語(yǔ)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：

　　He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。

　　5.如果直接引語(yǔ)中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有過(guò)去時(shí)的形式(例：ought to， had better, used to)和已經(jīng)是過(guò)去時(shí)的形式時(shí)，(例：could, should, would, might)不再變。如：

　　Peter said. "You had better come here today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。

　　5狀語(yǔ)變化

　　直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)律，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)由"現(xiàn)在"改為"原來(lái)"(例：now變?yōu)閠hen,yesterday變?yōu)?the day before，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代詞修飾的狀語(yǔ)，由"此"改為"彼"(例：this 改為that),

　　如：He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his

　　this——that

　　these——those

　　now——then

　　today——that day

　　yesterday——the day before

　　yesterday morning——the morning before

　　the day before yesterday——two days before

　　tomorrow——the next/follow day

　　tomorrow evening——the next/follow evening

　　this week——that week

　　last week——the week before

　　here——there

　　come——go

　　bring——take

　　6變句型

　　1.直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：She said, "Our bus will

　　arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.

　　2.直接引語(yǔ)如果是反意疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句或一般疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim.

　　"You have finished the homework, haven't you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.

　　"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" he asked.→He asked me if I went to school by busor by bike.

　　3.直接引語(yǔ)如果是特殊問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)該改為由疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句(賓語(yǔ)從句必須用陳述句語(yǔ)序)。

　　She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.

　　Eg: I don't know whom you should depend on.

　　4.直接引語(yǔ)如果是祈使句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。

　　如："Don't make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not tomake any noise. "

　　Bring me a cup of tea, please," she said.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.

　　5.直接引語(yǔ)如果是以"Let's"開(kāi)頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用"suggest "

　　如：He said, "Let's go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.

　　或: He suggested that they should go to see the film.

　　whta做賓語(yǔ)從句的例句

　　I know what is on the desk.

　　I don't know what made him unhappy.

　　Do you know what happened next?