為了幫助大家備考托福閱讀，下面我想跟大家分享托福閱讀細節(jié)題解答如何投機取巧，利用文章本身給出的條件快速做題。先提醒一下，投機取巧只是錦上添花的，而不是主菜。

解答托福閱讀細節(jié)題時要怎么投機取巧

托福閱讀細節(jié)題解答投機取巧一：

帶程度副詞的，比如only well clearly往往都是錯的，這種選項往往很有迷惑性，因為它看似是同義轉(zhuǎn)述，實際確擴大或縮小了詞義(說的好抽象 呵呵)

比如原文說，我打了他，選項：I hit him severely，這個選項一定是錯的，人家有沒說怎么打的，又沒說經(jīng)脈盡斷，你為什么要主觀臆斷他狠狠的打了呢??!!這個不僅僅適用于細節(jié)題，還適用于推斷題，講推斷題的時候我給大家舉個例子。

托福閱讀細節(jié)題解答投機取巧二：

類似于程度副詞，一般有more than或者比較級的都是錯的，原文沒有比較，你不能自己給人家比較，比如說她很美，選項是她比楊冪美，(楊冪是我最喜歡的女明星哈)，那么這個選項都是錯的。哪怕是對的，我也不會選，因為在我心中，楊冪是最美的 呵呵!

托福閱讀細節(jié)題解答投機取巧三：

敏感于數(shù)字，當(dāng)定位句中有數(shù)字的時候，數(shù)字之間的比較就是考點。

For example：

Paragraph 9： The muscles of these fishes and the mechanism that maintains a warm body temperature are also highly efficient. A bluefin tuna in water of 7°C(45°F) can maintain a core temperature of over 25°C(77°F). This warm body temperature may help not only the muscles to work better， but also the brain and the eyes. The billfishes have gone one step further. They have evolved special "heaters" of modified muscle tissue that warm the eyes and brain， maintaining peak performance of these critical organs.

10. According to paragraph 9， which of the following is true of bluefin tunas?

○Their eyes and brain are more efficient than those of any other fish.

○Their body temperature can change greatly depending on the water temperature.

○They can swim in waters that are much colder than their own bodies.

○They have special muscle tissue that warms their eyes and brain.

解析：

第一步先找關(guān)鍵詞，關(guān)鍵詞是bluefin tunas，這兩個詞不認識，沒關(guān)系，到現(xiàn)在我都不認識，直接換成BT就可以了，

第二步回去找定位句，在第二句中首次出現(xiàn)了BT，并且出現(xiàn)了兩組數(shù)字，那么這兩組數(shù)字的比較就是考點。

第三步，讀明白這句話，在7°水中的BT可以有一個超過25°的核心溫度。

第四步，看選項吧，

A選項，就是我剛說完的無恥技巧2，more than是錯的，原文是說了eyes and brain，也給了很高的評價，說maintaining peak performance of these critical organs. 但是卻沒有和其它生物比較，所以它是錯的。

B選項，無恥技巧1出現(xiàn)了，greatly，誰告訴你greatly了??!!!即使你不會這個技巧，這個選項本身就是與原文相反的，它們的能力是在不同的水溫中保持穩(wěn)定的體溫，而不是change。

C選項，無恥技巧3，數(shù)字的比較，7°的水 和25°的體溫，就是in waters that are much colder than their own bodies.

D選項，我之前說的細節(jié)題選項的錯誤特征里面的第三種，比較有迷惑性的，原文有，但是不在定位句之內(nèi)，關(guān)鍵詞是bluefin tunas，D選項說的是The billfishes，考點信息之外。

托福閱讀細節(jié)題解答投機取巧四：

這個算不上無恥技巧，正常的思路吧，原文說A和B不同，B有C特征，那么答案是A沒有C特征。這種題比較考讀長句的能力，通常形式是

A differ from B，which(B的定語從句，說明B的特征C)

或是unlike A，B怎么怎么有C的特征，

e.g.

Paragraph 4： With the advent of projection in 1895-1896， motion pictures became the ultimate form of mass consumption. Previously， large audiences had viewed spectacles at the theater， where vaudeville， popular dramas， musical and minstrel shows， classical plays， lectures， and slide-and-lantern shows had been presented to several hundred spectators at a time. But the movies differed significantly from these other forms of entertainment， which depended on either live performance or (in the case of the slide-and-lantern shows) the active involvement of a master of ceremonies who assembled the final program.

6. According to paragraph 4， how did the early movies differ from previous spectacles that were presented to large audiences?

○They were a more expensive form of entertainment.

○They were viewed by larger audiences.

○They were more educational.

○They did not require live entertainers.

第一步，還有找關(guān)鍵詞early movies和previous spectacles，你要注意了，early movies就是上面說的A，previous spectacles就是B，那么尋找B的特征就ok了。

第二步，找定位句吧，我說了無非兩種 一個differ from的 一個unlike的，很容易找到了But the movies differed significantly from these other forms of entertainment， which depended on either live performance or (in the case of the slide-and-lantern shows) the active involvement of a master of ceremonies who assembled the final program.

第三步，分析，But the movies(A) differed significantly from these other forms of entertainment(B)， which(定語從句說出B的特征)

depended on either live performance or (in the case of the slide-and-lantern shows) the active involvement of a master of ceremonies who assembled the final program.

Or后面的成分，我之前說過 a1ora2讀一個即可，所以，后面很長很鬧心的部分，不讀了!

第四步，ABC我們都找到了，回頭看選項吧，

選項A 原文沒提的

選項B 無恥技巧2 不能比較

選項C 還有原文沒提的

選項D did not require live entertainers.不就是沒有B的depended on either live performance的特征么

托福閱讀細節(jié)題的總結(jié)到此為止，技巧的東西要活學(xué)活用，自己先看看理解了，然后運用到做題中變成你自己的，做題的時候要不以對喜，不以錯悲，給你篇阿拉伯語的閱讀按照幾率亂選你也能對三四個，所以，每道題都要認真反思，弄清楚出題思路和選項設(shè)置，這樣才能有提高!不然就陷入了the more you 作，the more you 錯的痛苦深淵!

節(jié)省時間 托福閱讀審題不要出聲讀

我們對一個句子的理解，有很多種解釋。通常人們看到一個句子，會首先確定單詞。這個時間很快，快到我們反映不過來，不過語言學(xué)家們已經(jīng)證實有這個過程。確定單詞后，大腦會反應(yīng)單詞的意思。最先反應(yīng)的是經(jīng)常用到的意思。比如The old manthe boat. 這里，眼睛定位單詞后，大腦迅速把old man認為是一個名詞組。當(dāng)我們接著看，感覺不對，才會回頭去分析這個句子。

這個理論告訴我們，你大腦中的高頻詞，直接影響你對句子的理解。應(yīng)用到托福閱讀考試中，各位需要把各個學(xué)科的高頻詞多看一下，比如生物的光合作用、新陳代謝，地理的地殼、_X巖石之類的。 對各種名詞片語、動詞片語進行修飾的形容詞，副詞。說起來很多，其實各位有堅持做老托真題和新托的黃金23篇，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這些詞語重復(fù)率很高。

另外，人對句子的理解是線性的。語言能力越差的(比如小孩子)，只能理解句子的越前面，造成理解錯誤。(此理論僅限英語。中文不行，其他各種語言本人水平有限，不知道)從小孩子的實驗來看，3到5歲的小孩理解句子只能記住前面部分。比如：Put the frog on the red paper in the box.小孩子會把青蛙放到紅紙上。這里可以看到，他們閱讀的時候把句子意思理解錯了，沒有看完。但是，非常有趣的現(xiàn)象是，這句話我們說給小孩子聽的時候，100%的小孩子都做出了正確的選擇 - 即把紅紙上的青蛙裝到了盒子里。

語言學(xué)給出了我們解釋，影響人們認知句子的，還有語音。根據(jù)這個實驗，再結(jié)合平時我自己的情況，我推出了一個有理論依據(jù)的猜測： 閱讀時候習(xí)慣讀出聲來的，會讓你對句子的理解偏靠語音!從而讓你對直接托福閱讀句子的能力下降!很多人肯定喜歡邊閱讀邊讀，感覺這樣可以加深理解。我同意，但是，如果你花了30分鐘在閱和讀上，那至少再花30分鐘在閱上!不能讓讀的時間超過你看的時間。

就像我以前一樣，喜歡邊看邊讀，結(jié)果習(xí)慣了，看文章的時候，眼睛已經(jīng)定位一個比較長的詞語，很熟悉很熟悉，但是語音還沒讀到那個單詞上，我的思維就卡住了，直到我讀出了那個單詞，我才知道這個單詞的意思。 這里可以看到，我已經(jīng)對語音很依賴了!這個現(xiàn)象非常危險。

朗讀的速度太慢了，浪費時間。而且ETS給出的文章中有大量故意制造的難句，就像剛才的例子：The old man the boat，肯定要導(dǎo)致你回頭重讀。你的時間是不夠的。

所以，在考試中進行托福閱讀審題的時候，千萬不要邊看邊讀，或邊看邊讀的時間超過了閱讀時間?？忌獙W(xué)會自己合適控制閱讀時間。

托福閱讀考試題型剖析：6方面要注意

新托?？荚嘜G列出了閱讀的10種題型：

1. Factual information questions (純粹細節(jié))

2. Negative factual information questions (否定細節(jié))

3. Inference questions (推理題)

4. Rhetorical purpose questions (修辭目的題)

5. Vocabulary questions (詞匯題)

6. Reference questions (指代題)

7. Sentence simplification questions (句子簡化題)

8. Insert text question (句子插入題)

9. Prose summary (內(nèi)容摘要題)

10. Fill in a table (表格歸類題)

但實際上，新托?？荚囬喿x當(dāng)中還考了一些OG中沒列舉出來的題目：

一.段間關(guān)系概括題：這種題目要求考生概括出2個自然段間的邏輯關(guān)系。比如說《THE CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION》這篇文章的第6題。

6. Which of the following best describes the relationship between Paragraph2 and Paragraph3?

Paragraph2 puts forward several scientific claims, one of which is rejected in Paragraph3

Paragraph2 poses several questions, and Paragraph3offers a possible answer to one of them

Paragraph2 presents outdated traditional views, while Paragraph3presents the current scientific conclusions.

Paragraph2 introduces a generalization that is illustrated by specific examples in Paragraph3

二.修辭手法題：這種題目是修辭目的的變體。OG中大多數(shù)題目只考察一個詞組的修辭目的，而實際考試會對一句話甚至整段話的修辭目的進行考察。一個是考修辭對象，一個是考修辭的手段。比如說，《Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction》這篇文章第2題：

2. In paragraph 2, why does the author include the information that dinosaurs had flourished for tens of millions of years and then suddenly disappeared?

To support the claim that the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous is the best-documented of the dozen or so mass extinctions in the geological record

To explain why as many as half of the species on Earth at the time are believed to have become extinct at the end of the Cretaceous

To explain why paleontologists have always been intrigued by the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous

To provide evidence that an impact can be large enough to disturb the environment of the entire planet and cause an ecological disaster

三.段落結(jié)構(gòu)題：這里題目考查的是文章段落的構(gòu)架，可以算是新題型。比如：《THE ORIGINS OF THEATER》這篇文章的第9題，

9. Which of the following best describes the organization of paragraph 5?

The author presents two theories for a historical phenomenon.

The author argues against theories expressed earlier in the passage.

The author argues for replacing older theories with a new one.

The author points out problems with two popular theories.

四. 段落主題題：這種題目考查的是整個段落的主題，可以說是老托福段落主題題的延續(xù)：

比如《Petroleum Resources》這篇文章的12題：

12.In paragraph 6, the author’s primary purpose is to

Provide examples of how oil exploration can endanger the environment

Describe accidents that have occurred when oil activities were in progress

Give an analysis of the effects of oil spills on the environment

Explain how technology and legislation help reduce oil spills

五. 雙選題：其實不僅僅在聽力考試之中有雙選題，閱讀考試之中也是有雙選題的，只是ETS有可能覺得這點并不重要，因此沒有通知偶們，例子請見：《The Geologic History of the Mediterranean》這篇文章第5題。

5. Select the TWO answer choice from paragraph 3 that identify materials discovered in the deepest part of the Mediterranean basin. To receive credit you must select TWO answers.

Volcanic rock fragments.

This silt layers

Soft, deep-sea mud

Crystalline salt

以及《THE RISE OF TEOTIHUACAN》這篇文章第11題：

11. Select the TWO answer choices that are mentioned in paragraph 5 as being features of Teotihuacán that may have attracted immigrants to the city. To receive credit, you must select TWO answers.

The prosperity of the elite

Plenty of available housing

Opportunities for well-paid agricultural employment

The presence of one or more religious shrines

除此以外，OG對于新托福考試閱讀題型的呈現(xiàn)方法也與真實考試有一定距離，如：

一.細節(jié)題的閱讀跨度：OG中大多數(shù)題目只考一段，但是實際考試會有一道題目考2段、甚至是3段的情況。比如《GROUNDWATER》這篇文章的第10題：

10. According to paragraphs 6 and 7, why is basalt unlike most crystalline forms of rock?

It is unusually solid

It often has high porosity.

It has a low proportion of empty space.

It is highly permeable.

二.句子改寫題的句子復(fù)雜性：真實考題比OG中的句子改寫題要長很多，而且邏輯關(guān)系也更復(fù)雜。

三.指代題：OG指代題考得不少，真實考試指代題考得很少。

四.選項長度:真題的選項長度長很多。

五.細節(jié)題題干關(guān)鍵字沒有在原文直接給出。這讓考生定位細節(jié)難度大幅度增加。不過說句公道話，其實在老托?？荚嚲鸵呀?jīng)這樣了，并不是在新托?？荚囍歇氂械?。比如《Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer》這篇文章的第11題。

11.Paragraph 5 mentions which of the following as a source of difficulty for some farmers who try to conserve water?

Crops that do not need much water are difficult to grow in the High Plains.

Farmers who grow crops that need a lot of water make higher profits.

Irrigating less frequently often leads to crop failure.

Few farmers are convinced that the aquifer will eventually run dry.

六. 文章的復(fù)雜程度：這個也不用說了，OG的文章結(jié)構(gòu)性非常明顯，就好像看CCAV的新聞聯(lián)播一樣;真實考試的文章結(jié)構(gòu)糾結(jié)多了，就好像看本屆世界杯一樣。比如：《The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystems》和《Colonizing the Americas via the Northwest Coast》這兩篇文章。

新托?？荚囬喿x部分其實并不存在真的所謂“新題型”，這些題型也是有規(guī)律可循的，考生們在備考時多加注意就沒什么值得害怕的。

托福閱讀：排除題三個考察方向全解析

我們大體可以把排除題分為三個考察方向：1 對最基本的細節(jié)信息理解的考察。2 對事件發(fā)展程序理解的考察。3 對文章或段落主題抓取能力的考察。

一、對最基本的細節(jié)信息理解的考察

這里可以用更簡單的說法：從詞中選。 所謂從詞中選，就是可以在文章中找到幾個名詞，他們排列存在，共同構(gòu)成某一事件的所有細節(jié)。這時候，出題者會提取出其中三個，并在文章別處或者自編一個跟本事件并無關(guān)系的名詞(詞組)。

請看下面的例子：

In1943, the federal government imposed rent controls to help solve the problem ofhousing shortages during wartime. The federal program ended after the war, butin some locations, including NY, controls continued. Under NY’s controls, alandlord generally cannot raise rents on apartments as long as the tenantscontinue to renew their leases. In places as Santa Monica, California, rentcontrols are more recent. They were spurred by inflation of the 1970’s, whichcombined with California’s rapid population growth, pushed housing prices, aswell as rents, to record levels.

Which of the following was NOT a reason forthe introduction of rent controls in Santa Monica, California?

A. Rapid population growth

B. Inflation

C. Economic conditions duringwartime

D. Record-high housing prices

在這道排除題中，由于四個選項提供的信息都是用名詞詞組，我們可以斷定，段落中一定存在其中三個詞組，而題干中又出現(xiàn)地名Santa Monica, California. 故可將此地名作為關(guān)鍵詞，鎖定答案所在句子，然后逐一排除。而……as Santa Monica, California, rent controlsare more recent. They were spurred by inflation of the 1970’s, which combinedwith California’s rapid population growth, pushed housing prices, ……. 這句話當(dāng)中分別提到了A, B, D三個答案，所以答案為C.

二、對事件發(fā)展程序理解的考察

這類排除題，也可以叫做------從句中選。即考題所提供的答案均為相對比較完整的句子，那么其中有三句話，一定是表達了整個事件發(fā)展比較關(guān)鍵的幾個步驟，只有一句話與此步驟相悖。這類排除題通常比較耗費時間，考生需要準確判斷其事件發(fā)展步驟，甚至要通讀全段，才能找出正確選項。這里，我給大家提供一種在很大程度上節(jié)省時間的方法------點對點尋找。

請看下面的例子：

The sauce that is today called ketchup (orcatsup) in western cultures is a tomato-based sauce that is quite distinct fromthe eastern ancestors of this product. A sauce called ke-tiap was in use inChina at least as early as the seventeenth century but the Chinese version ofsauce was made of pickled fish, shellfish, and spices. The popularity of thisChinese sauce spread to Singapore and Malaysia where it was called kechap. The Indonesiasauce ketjab drives its name from the same sauce as Malaysian sauce but is madefrom very different ingredients. The Indonesian ketjab is made by cooking blacksoy beans, fermenting them, placing them in salt brine for at least a week,cooking the resulting solution further, and sweetening it heavily; this processresults in a dark, thick, and sweet variation of soy sauce.

It is NOT stated in paragraph 1 that

A. the Chinese sauce was inexistence in 17th century

B. the Malaysian sauce was similarto the Chinese sauce

C. the Chinese sauce was made fromseafood and spices

D. the Indonesian sauce wassimilar to the Chinese sauce

對于這道題，題干中沒有任何指示性的詞匯，我們無法判斷是從事件的哪個階段入手，那么就只能每個答案逐一排除。仔細閱讀A選項，然后發(fā)現(xiàn)A選項中有17th century， 故可以將其作為關(guān)鍵線索，去文中尋找，……called ke-tiap was in use in China at least as early as theseventeenth century…… 文中的這句話表明A不能作為正確答案。那么繼續(xù)看B， B選項中同時提到Malaysian 與Chinese. 則可以到文中去尋找兩個國籍名詞同時出現(xiàn)的句子，通過判斷，…… this Chinese sauce spread to Singapore and Malaysia where it wascalled kechap. 這句話表明，B也不能作為正確答案。繼續(xù)看C，C 選項當(dāng)中有Chinese, 還有seafood andspices，于是鎖定文中句子……the Chineseversion of sauce was made of pickled fish, shellfish, and spices……, 故C也不是正確選項。至此，我們可以直接選擇D作為排除選項。

三、對文章或段落主題抓取能力的考察

答題時注意看每個選項，尤其是當(dāng)選項中出現(xiàn)了在該段落中沒有的詞句時，就可以考慮可能會有某個選項跟本段甚至整片文章的主題是相悖的。

請看下面例題：

Decades before this disaster,environmentalist had predicted just such an enormous oil spill in this areabecause of the treacherous nature of the waters due to the submerged reefs,icebergs, and violent storms there. They had urged that oil be transported tothe continental United States by land-based pipeline rather than by oil tankeror by undersea pipeline to reduce the potential damage to the environment posedby the threat of an oil spill.

Which point is NOT made by theenvironmentalist mentioned in paragraph 2?

A. That a huge oil spill in thewaters off Alaska was possible.

B. That the waters off the coastof Alaska were dangerous for ships.

C. That oil tanker should not beused to transport oil from Alaska.

D. That an undersea pipeline waspreferable to a land-based pipeline.

這道題題干中提到的environmentalist是整個該段的主語，故不能作為關(guān)鍵信息詞。而發(fā)現(xiàn)A. C.中的Alaska，都在段落中沒有提到。所以可以考慮某個答案與主題相悖。這類題目，也可以多關(guān)注段落中是否有表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞匯，例如but, instead of, however, rather than. 所以，稍加閱讀后，發(fā)現(xiàn)……land-based pipeline rather than by oil tanker or by underseapipeline…… 這句話當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)rather than, 鎖定D選項中同樣的話語，剛好與原文觀點相反，所以選擇D.

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