實例講解托福閱讀詞匯題同義詞替換
托福閱讀考試當中詞匯題占據(jù)了三分之一的題時，所以這種題型是需要考生進行重點備考的。有很多同學或許就最為頭疼這一類題型了。被考到的詞匯有可能是是非常有關(guān)鍵性的，對于理解全文都有關(guān)系。這里小編能過例子為大家講解應(yīng)該如何時行托福閱讀的詞匯題的同義替換。大家一起來學習一下吧。
實例講解托福閱讀詞匯題同義詞替換
所以今天就讓我們一起來細數(shù)一下那些在托?？荚囍腥菀族e選或根本不知道選什么的同義詞配對。
elaborate=complex
elaborate=develop
對于這組詞匯，很多同學在初次遇見時，很難直接把他們進行同義的對應(yīng)。
complex和develop的意思大家應(yīng)該還是比較明確的，但是elaborate的確切含義很多同學其實不是很清楚，即使是背過也只是腦海中有個模糊的意思，記得好像，大概，也許是指“詳細地……”這類意思。很多同學會覺得“詳細地……”和“復(fù)雜的”以及“發(fā)展”看起來并沒有什么同義的關(guān)系。
其實elaborate
作為形容詞時的意思是made or done with great care or with much detail; marked by complexity精心制作的復(fù)雜的;
作為動詞時的意思是to give more details about something; to bring something to a more advanced or developed state詳細制定，詳盡闡述
從它的英文釋義中就不難看出它和complex以及develop的同義之處了。
respectively=in that order
Wind pollination does, of course, require a lot of pollen. Birch and hazel trees can produce 5.5 and 4 million grains per catkin, respectively.
The word "respectively" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. over time
B. separately
C. in that order
D. consistently
對于這組詞匯，想必大家疑惑的是respectively這個詞。在我們記憶的中文意思中，respectively這個詞就是指“分別地”, 所以在選擇上面的詞匯題時，無數(shù)同學都會前赴后繼地掉入separately這個大坑里。
殊不知此“分別”并不是彼“分別”。
respectively意為in the order given。
【例子】
Mary and Anne were respectively 12 and 16 years old. Mary和Anne分別是12歲和16歲。(Mary12歲，Anne16歲)。
而separately意為apart from others， not joined or connected。
【例子】
He had insisted that we went separately to the club. 他堅持我們不要一塊兒去俱樂部。
了解清楚這兩個“分別地”的意思之后，再結(jié)合文章語境去選擇，答案就一目了然了。
afford=provide
這是一組部分意思重復(fù)的詞匯配對，也是對熟詞僻義的考察。
afford作為動詞時有兩層意思，第一個大家熟悉的“買得起，負擔得起”，第二個“提供”，This affords us the opportunity to ask questions about how the systems might change. 這給我們提供了就系統(tǒng)可能如何改變進行提問的機會。
pronounced=marked
這也是一組讓大家大跌眼鏡的同義配對，表示“發(fā)音”的pronounce加了個d怎么就變成“明顯的”了。
一方面，pronounced作為形容詞本身就有strong marked的意思，另一方面，pronounce作為動詞時還可以指“宣稱，宣布”，根據(jù)這個意義再去體會上下文語境，就能感悟到這組同義配對之間的奧秘了。
Citizens of prosperous, essentially middle-class republics --- whether ancient Romans, seventeenth-century Dutch burghers, or nineteenth-century Americans --- have always shown a marked taste for portraiture.
The word "marked" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) pronounced
(B) fortunate
(C) understandable
(D) mysterious
pursue=engage in
Whereas the East could pursue war and diplomacy more effectively with their enemies on the long eastern frontier, the West was exposed to the more volatile tribal Germanic peoples on a frontier that stretched along the Rhine and Danube rivers for 1,000 miles.
The word “pursue” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. expand
B. engage in
C. control
D. avoid
同學們應(yīng)該都知道pursue有“追求，繼續(xù)，追捕”的意思，然而滿懷期待地去瀏覽選項時，卻并沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)體現(xiàn)這個意思的答案，不禁又一次因為ETS對人生產(chǎn)生了懷疑。
其實本題考察的也是一個pursue的不常用的意思“執(zhí)行，實行”。
【例子】
The government will be free to pursue its economic policies. 政府將可不受限制地實行其經(jīng)濟政策。
所以本題對應(yīng)engage in，表示“從事，實行”之意。
通過上述的分析，我們再來做幾個詞匯題的小練習，看看你還會不會中招?
1)Doorways were larger and more decorative. Fireplaces became decorative features of rooms. Walls were made of plaster or wood, sometimes elaborately paneled.
The word "elaborately" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) done in great detail
(B) put together carefully
(C) using many colors
(D) reinforced structurally
2)People in such places would have had at least two reasons to pursue cultivation and animal raising; they would have had access to new information, plants, and animals brought in by traders, and they would have had a need for something to trade with the people passing through.
The word “pursue” in the passage is closet in meaning to
(A) practice
(B) encourage
(C) prefer
(D) combine
3)The linsey-woolsey covering was found in the colder regions of the country because of the warmth it afforded.
The word "afforded" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) provided
(B) spent
(C) avoided
(D) absorbed
4)On clear still nights when the heat island is pronounced, a small thermal low-pressure area forms over the city.
The word “pronounced” in the passage is closet in meaning to
(A) examined
(B) relative
(C) strongest
(D) darkest
做完再看答案哦：AAAC
生命科學類托福閱讀官方材料
一、植物學
1 Sample：Opportunity and Competitors
2 TPO 01：Timberline Vegetation on Mountains
3 TPO 05：Minerals and Plants
4 TPO 09：The Arrival of Plant Life in Hawaii
5 TPO 22：Spartina
6 TPO 25：The Evolutionary Origin of Plants
7 TPO 32：Plant Colonization
二、動物學
動物特點
1 OG：Swimming Machines
2 OG：Feeding Habits of East African Herbivores
3 TPO 04：Deer Population of The Puget Sound
4 TPO 13：Biological Clock
5 TPO 15：A Warm-blooded Turtle
6 TPO 17-3：Symbiotic Relationship
7 TPO 32：Distribution of Tropical Bee Colonies
動物變化
1 Sample：Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction
2 TPO 05：The Cambrian Explosion
3 TPO 08：Extinction of The Dinosaurs
4 TPO 15：Mass Extinctions
5 TPO 31-1： Speciation in Geographically Isolated Populations
6 TPO 30-2： The Pace of Evolutionary Change
7 TPO 33： Extinction Episodes of the past
動物行為
1 TPO 02：The Origins of Cetaceans
2 TPO 11：Begging by Nestlings
3 TPO 11：Orientation and Navigation
4 TPO 17：Ani mal Signals in The Rain Forest
5 TPO 30-1 Role of Play in Development
6 TPO 29-2：Competition
7 TPO 28-3：Buck Rubs and Buck Scrapes
8 TPO 27-3：Predator-Prey Cycles
自然科學類托福閱讀官方材料
一、地質(zhì)學
冰川類
1 OG：green Icebergs
2 TPO 15：Glacier Formation
3 TPO 19：Discovering The Ice Ages
地質(zhì)現(xiàn)象
1 OG：Geology and Landscape
2 TPO 01：Groundwater
3 TPO 02：Desert Formation
4 TPO 03：Depletion of The Ogallala Aquifer
5 TPO 07：The Geologic History of The Mediterranean
6 TPO 12：Water in The Desert
7 TPO 20：Fossil Preservation
8 TPO 21：Geothermal Energy
9 TPO 24：Lake Water
10 TPO 28-1：Groundwater
11 TPO 27-2：The Formation of Volcanic Islands
二、天文學
火星類
1 TPO 08：Running Water On Mars
2 TPO 25：The Surface of Mars
其他行星類
1 TPO 16：Planets in Our Solar System
2 TPO 22：The Allende Met
eorite
托福閱讀文章是從哪兒來的
其實，托福閱讀題材大部分來源于美國大學的教科書，一方面希望考生熟悉美國的教育，留學以后能夠更快地適應(yīng)美國大學的課堂生活，另一方面也能讓考生了解一下美國的文化，畢竟文化的力量是非常強大的，一個民族的底蘊都是透過文化傳達給大家的;另外也有一部分題材來源于出題人對相關(guān)文章的整理，使呈現(xiàn)出來的文章難易度與雅思閱讀題型想匹配，并能有效去區(qū)分和測試出不同考生的英語水平。
托福閱讀部分的內(nèi)容涵蓋的知識層面很廣泛，從自然科學到生物科學還有一定程度的美國歷史和藝術(shù)，另外也會出現(xiàn)一些社科類或者是人文類?？忌绻屑氀芯繒l(fā)現(xiàn)新托福閱讀考試的內(nèi)容其實就是人類的發(fā)展史，由最開始的自然界事物的發(fā)展變化，包括地理、氣候等，慢慢演變到對生物的探究，如動植物、微生物等。人類出現(xiàn)以后人們的生活逐漸豐富多彩，渴望探索的領(lǐng)域也在逐漸增多，這不僅是文化的積淀還涵蓋了對于歷史的回顧和探究。
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