2020年1月12日托福綜合寫作真題回憶與解析
托福綜合寫作部分的訓練,自然也離不開大量真題的練習。在1月12日的托福寫作中,綜合部分的考試真題內容是什么,如何更好的進行作文的構思?大家可以參考相應的范文解析,來備考練習這部分題目。下面小編為大家整理了詳細的內容,供大家參考!
2020年1月12日托福綜合寫作真題回憶與解析
話題分類
社會科學。
考題回憶
1-總論點
Whitehead was the first person who had invented the airplane in 1901, which was 2 years earlier than Wright Brothers.
2-閱讀部分
All these three evidence are not true.
(1) The lacking of photographs can’t indicate that Whitehead had invented the Airplane in 1901. Actually, drawings was the most popular way appearing on the newspaper. The news may be made up by some reporter to publish an eye-catching event, therefore it was unreliable.
(2) The design of the plane was unreasonable because it had just one single-level wings, and it could not fly at that time.
(3) Whitehead sold the engine which was designed by himself to many aircraft builders, who couldn’t manufactured an airplane successfully. Thus the author thought the engine of the airplane couldn’t function well.
3-聽力部分
Refute each point raised in reading part separately.
These evidence are more stronger than we thought.
(1) Because of the limit of the technology, most of the news press adopted drawings instead of photos. Because the experiment of flying was in the early morning, With dim light and the fast moving of the plane, it was difficult to capture enough high quality photographs.
(2) In the modern time, some scientists completely copy the design of Whitehead, which indicates that this kind of design is able to work well.
(3) It is true that those aircraft builders couldn’t invented the airplane successfully, but Whitehead should not be to blame for it. Since there was the limit of technology and lack of knowledge, it was normal not being able to create the plane. Furthermore, it could proved the good quality of the engine that so many people buying it.
解題思路
總寫閱讀材料和聽力材料的主題與關系。
用聽力材料中的內容一一反駁閱讀材料中的觀點。
托福詞匯背誦的七大誤區(qū)
1. 背托福單詞拼寫,但是不注意中文意思。其實我們在應用一門語言的時候,最常用的能力是認識的能力,換句話說,也就是閱讀的能力,這個是我們最常用的能力,我們首先要解決這個問題,換句話說,對于一個單詞,我們首先要知道這個單詞的中文意思是什么,而至于單詞的拼寫,只要考試之前多寫,就會發(fā)現自己常用的單詞,然后這些單詞,寫多了,自然也就會拼寫了。這一點非常重要,切記!背單詞,一定要注重中文意思,而不是拼寫。
2. 絕大多數人都需要背單詞。不管你是國際學校、亦或者是海外留學生,都是需要背單詞的。很多考友認為自己過了大學6級就不用背單詞,實際上過了大學6級的水平,也就是托福60分上下的水平,真的與100分的要求相差的還很遠。
反過來,哪些人不用背單詞呢?1,sat2000分以上, 2,gre300以上,亦或者是托福閱讀26分以上,如果你沒有達到上面的任何一個要求的話,那么,你就必須要背單詞!
3. 只背托福單詞。其實托??荚嚨膯卧~書,是有一個傳統的,也就是絕大多數的材料都是針對高分通過大學英語6級的人來準備的。
因此,現在市面上幾乎所有的托福單詞書全都是默認去掉了大學4級單詞的。但是實際上,現在很多考友也就是大學4級水平,甚至更低。對于這部分人來說,第一步應該背的是大學4級單詞,有的人甚至需要背高中單詞,而不是只背一本托福單詞,就完事大吉的。
4. 背多本托福單詞書。就市面上所有主流的托福單詞書,其實所涵蓋的單詞都是差不多的,除了那本托福10000,其他的單詞書都是可以的。托福10000所列出的單詞很多都不會考到,是過難了。除此之外,絕大多數的單詞書都是差不多的。只要背完里面的任意一本,就可以保證涵蓋90%以上其他的單詞書了,因此沒有必要背很多本同樣級別的單詞書。
5. 每天背不同的單詞。在背單詞的道里面,已經說了,背單詞的最好的方法就是反復、大量、多次背相同的單詞??墒呛芏嗫加押芟矚g第一天背1-3list,第二天背4-6list,第三天背7-9list,第四天就崩潰了,發(fā)現前面背的單詞全都忘了。
馬上感嘆背單詞是不靠譜的,自己背不下來單詞的。但是這么背單詞是不對的,應該第一天、第二天、第三天、直至第十天都應該背1-9單元,每天都把1-9單元看很多遍才對,這樣才是背單詞。前面那樣的每天背不同的單詞,那是在相親!而托福需要的是談戀愛,也就是大寶天天見!
6. 背托福單詞的多個釋義。其實對于人類來說,最容易記住的,是一對一的關系,最可怕的就是需要記住一個網絡。我們在背單詞的時候也是這樣,如果一開始背單詞的時候,就試圖記住單詞的多個釋義,那么會讓我們在背單詞的效率上大打折扣!因此我們應該在背單詞的時候,只記住自己最熟悉的意思。當我們把這個單詞背下來之后,再背其他的釋義,要知道,背單詞的時候,擴展永遠是比一開始背這個單詞要簡單很多的。
7. 忽略詞性。其實在分析句意的時候,單詞的詞性是一個超級重要的輔助因素!因為如果沒有單詞詞性的輔助,我們會經常無法判斷錯誤單詞的邏輯結構的,因此,在背單詞的時候,除了背單詞的最貼近自己生活的釋義,還要把詞性也記下來,這一點非常重要!
托福寫作怎么提高 三個方法增強文章連貫性
一般來說,銜接手段可以分成三個層次,詞匯銜接 (lexical cohesion)、語法銜接 (grammatical cohesion)、修辭銜接 (rhetorical cohesion)。
(一)詞匯銜接
- 原詞重復 (direct repetition) 、同義詞 (synonyms)、反義詞 (antonyms)
- 來自于相同語義場 (semantic field) 和詞匯鏈 (lexical chains) 的單詞
- 使用one/ ones進行詞匯替代 (substitution)
(二)語法銜接
- 指代 (reference): 代詞、冠詞
- 使用 so/ do/ does/ did 等進行從句元素替代
- 比較級
- 時態(tài)
(三)修辭銜接
- 提問與回答
- 平行結構 (parallelism)
下面我們結合托福一個寫作題目和對應的高分范文 (high-level responses) 進行講解。
Question:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
People benefit more from traveling in their own country than from traveling to foreign countries.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Be sure to use your own words. Do not use memorized examples.
Source: TOEFL? Test Preparation: The Insider’s Guide
上面這個題目需要考生思考并比較在本國旅游和在外國旅游各自的好處,然后決定是否同意 “人們在本國旅游獲得的益處比在外國旅游獲得的益處更多” 這個觀點。在這里我們給各位提供官方選取的高分回答,第一篇來自挪威的Aarcha Z.同學,第二篇來自中國的_同學。
01
Aarcha 同學對于題目持有不同意的觀點 (Disagree),她認為到國外旅游好處更多。以下是她的主旨句 (Thesis Statement) 。
“I think that people benefit more from traveling to foreign countries.”
我們這里節(jié)選她文章其中一個主體段。
In addition to that, travelling to another country gives you the perfect excuse to learn a new language. For example, I’m planning to go to France next year, and I’ve already started learning basic French with the help of apps on my mobile phone. [Learning a new language] is a wonderful thing, as it not only helps you get around in foreign countries, but also makes you attractive in the job market. If you’re travelling in your own country, you will never truly need to learn a new language, and will therefore miss out on the opportunity that it brings.
分析:
該文段使用的銜接手段主要是:(一)詞匯銜接中的同義詞(二)語法銜接中的代詞指代 (reference)
首先 “that” 是一個代詞,指代文中第一個理由 “to experience new sights, cultures and food”; 另外, “another country” 是題目中 “foreign countries” 的另外一種表達形式; “it” 用來表示 “l(fā)earning a new language” 的意思。全段100個單詞,出現了4處銜接手段的使用,使得段落內容清晰緊密。
02
_同學對于題目持有同意的觀點 (Agree),他認為在國內旅游好處更多。以下是他的主旨句 (Thesis Statement) 。
“I deem I can benefit more from travelling in my own countries.”
我們這里節(jié)選他文章中兩個主體段來分析其使用銜接手段的情況。
The most critical reason is time. As a traveler, I would prefer spending more time exploring my destination rather than getting stuck at the security checkpoint, sitting in the airplane, and waiting in a long queue at the custom, which are often associated with international travel. For example, if I have a week of vacation, instead of spending 2 days on the way, I could choose a destination that may only take me [a] couple [of] hours to get there that means I have 1 extra more vacation day.
Secondly, ….
Lastly, international trip can cost travelers significantly more comparing to a domestic one. Admittedly, cost of a trip is often determined personal choice and preference but a lot of fees, such as visa and currency exchange, are often inevitable. In addition, to save money in another unknown country can be a lot more challenging.
分析:
該文段使用的銜接手段主要是:(一)詞匯銜接-同義詞; 詞匯銜接- one/ ones 替代(二)語法銜接中的比較級 (三)修辭銜接中的平行結構 (parallelism)
首先第一段中連續(xù)使用了三個平行結構來表達到國外旅游可能會遇到的不方便 “getting stuck at the security checkpoint” , “sitting in the airplane” , “waiting in a long queue at the custom”, 另外, “international travel” 以及第三段中的 “international trip” 是同義詞,“domestic” 是題目中 “in their own country” 同義表達,最后 “domestic one” 當中的 “one” 也是為了避免重復前面的內容而進行指代的。
這些銜接手段的使用增加了上下文內容的連貫性,也豐富了語言表達形式,使得段落內容清晰緊密生動。 兩段的內容不算多,但單從銜接手段的角度來講還是值得各位考生學習和借鑒的。
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