托福寫作的五種形式
一般情況下，托福獨(dú)立寫作是就某個(gè)事件、現(xiàn)象或者個(gè)人的經(jīng)歷詢問“Do you agree or disagree”。所以，要回答這個(gè)問題，我們同意與否都是可以的，當(dāng)然也可以選擇折中的觀點(diǎn)。那么針對托福寫作題目，我們有哪些寫作方式呢?小編在這里想要和大家分享一下托福寫作的五種形式。
托福寫作的五種形式
一、一邊倒開頭：
1. 引用他人相反觀點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)折：
People live in the present. They plan for and worry about the future. History, however, is the study of the past. Some people might ask, "Given all the demands that press in from living in the present and anticipating what is yet to come, why bother with what has been? Given all the desirable and available branches of knowledge, why urge many students to study even more history than they are required to?" However, it's undeniable that learning about past has its value, it will help us comprehend people and societies, and it will help us accommodate change and forecast how the society we live in came to be.
模板：
陳述事實(shí)，however, __×壞的原因__.
Some people might ask. “ Given all the demands that __×， why bother with _×? Given all the desirable and available __， why urge the children”
However, it is undeniable that _× have its value, it will _×子優(yōu)點(diǎn)_×, and it will __×子優(yōu)點(diǎn)__×.
二、一邊結(jié)尾：
Consider ___，____ and ___, we can definitely say that;
三、 兩邊倒開頭：(嚴(yán)肅型)
1. 嚴(yán)肅型
Art and science are essentially a strange coupling. Yet more often than not, they are considered as divergent(叉開的) rather than consistent with each other：The artist employs image and metaphor(隱喻); the scientist uses number and equation. These two fields seem to have little in common: there are few, if any, references to art in any standard textbook of science; art historians rarely interpret an artist's work in light of the conceptual framework of science. Despite what appear to be irreconcilable(不能妥協(xié)的) differences, however, they do have at least one thing in common—both of them have significant contribution to the society, but through probably distinctive way.
模板：
__are essential a stranger coupling. Yet more often than not, they are considered as the divergent rather than consist with each other;
_× employs _;_ use _×， these two fields seem to have little in common: _×舉例子__;
Despite what appear to be irreconcilable, however, they do have at least one thing in common—both of them have significant contribution to the society, but through probably distinctive way
2. 一般型：
Skyscrapers are becoming standards of metropolis from North America to East Asia. In the process, historic buildings are making room for the seemingly unstoppable advancement of modernity. Generally， modifications occur in faces of those global cities. At the same time city planners are facing the stern pressure about conserving traditional cultures through preserving conventional buildings. Sustaining the cultural architecture or replacing them with modern ones, the final decision should depend on a thorough analysis of the specific situation at hand, as there are intense arguments for either option.
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___are becoming ___ from North America to East Asia.
In the process, ___子___ Generally,___由___ At the same time, __理由___
Sustaining ___or replacing them with ___ the final decision should depend on a thorough analysis of the specific situation at hand, because there are intense arguments for either option.
四、 兩邊倒結(jié)尾：
1. 嚴(yán)肅型的：
However, it's been said that there is no science without fancy and no art without facts. Scientists share parallel view of space, time and light, something else with artists. Not only are art and science interrelated with each other but they also contribute to each other in various way. Therefore, it is simply partial to say that either one contributes more to the society than another does.
模板：
However, it’s been said that there is no __without __ and no __ without __. Scientists share parallel view of space, time and light, something else with __.
Not only are __ and __ interrelated with each other but they also contribute to each other in various way.
Therefore, it is simply partial to say that either one contributes more to the society than another does.
2. 通用型：(重要)
As to which source is more important, the answers vary. As mentioned above, some knowledge can be acquired only through books. It's hard to imagine we can have a comprehensive understanding of history without reading books. On the other hand, some knowledge can be obtained only through experience. When we try to learn to swim, merely a detailed manual of swimming skills, even abundantly filled with illustrations, is at most useless. We have to jump into the water and then gain the knowledge with experience. In most time, we have to use books and experience as source simultaneously to get what we want to know. Take learning physics for example, theory from the books, experience from the experiments they are both equally significant sources. Therefore, I think whether one source is more important than the other depends on circumstances.
模板：
As to which source is more important, the answers vary.
As mentioned above, ___an be acquired only through books. It's hard to imagine×__例子___; On the other hand, ___can be obtained only through experience. When we try to ___子___ In most time, we have to use ___simultaneously to get what we want to know, Take learning physics for example,__子__
Therefore, I think whether one source is more important than the other depends on circumstances.
五、一般通用性開頭結(jié)尾:
Many people believe that it is significant to add physical activities as part of a teenagers’ everyday curriculum at school. Others disagree, arguing that students should focus their valuable but limited bloom on academic studies. Personally, I believe that physical education is a vital part of an education as it instructs children of methods to take care of their bodies, render the spirits about how to work in a team, and provides a path for releasing tension and aggression.
模板：
Many people believe that it is significant to do ___ Others disagree, arguing that __理由___ Personally, I believe that __點(diǎn)__ __由一__ __由二__ __
托福寫作滿分作文的練成法
當(dāng)我們說到21分向30分進(jìn)行攀登的時(shí)候，必須在這里找到一個(gè)標(biāo)尺來給我們提供充分的例子。以前我們對于作文分?jǐn)?shù)的判斷，總是模糊不清的，到底什么樣的作文該21分，什么樣的作文該30分。
其實(shí)新托?？荚囎魑牟糠值呐袛鄻?biāo)準(zhǔn)，既可以被我們稱為多元化，也可以被我們稱為單一化。說多元化，是因?yàn)榕袛鄻?biāo)準(zhǔn)的細(xì)化，也就是要求我們能夠清楚準(zhǔn)確的表達(dá)自己的含義，并且邏輯清晰，用詞準(zhǔn)確。
當(dāng)我們的作文達(dá)到21分的時(shí)候，其實(shí)句子里面嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤已經(jīng)很少了，比如說一個(gè)句子缺少謂語，沒有主語的情況已經(jīng)很少了。多也就是寫寫stop smoking這樣的Chinglish。簡單來說，很硬性的語病已經(jīng)不多了,可是這個(gè)時(shí)候，是令人茫然的時(shí)候，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)時(shí)候好像我們的已經(jīng)達(dá)到了自己的極限，自己能做的全都已經(jīng)做了，好像一下失去了前進(jìn)的方向，更是因?yàn)樽魑氖侵饔^題，我們身邊總是缺少一個(gè)判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。對于托福作文，一個(gè)很關(guān)鍵性的要求就是要用詞準(zhǔn)確，行文流暢。我們以前往往總是會陷入一個(gè)誤區(qū)，就是要用大詞，要寫一些句式磅礴的句子。之所以這樣就是因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在中國95%以上的作文教師，尤其是托福作文教師對于什么樣的作文才是滿分作文缺乏一個(gè)概念，雖然很多人能考出高分作文，但是他們很難做出一個(gè)指向性，就像是他們殺雞用牛刀，然后他們就認(rèn)為殺雞只能用牛刀，是一個(gè)道理。他們不知道，其實(shí)殺雞的時(shí)候，只用一把菜刀就可以了，是一個(gè)道理。所以，這就是為什么現(xiàn)在很多國內(nèi)的初中經(jīng)常用博士來當(dāng)老師，但是這些人一上課就發(fā)現(xiàn)，學(xué)生根本不喜歡聽他在說什么，甚至這些教師還經(jīng)常被學(xué)生趕走，就是這個(gè)道理。
我們來看一些真實(shí)的例子。
Nevertheless, it would not work either if everybody just keep to themselves without communicating. It is also essential for roommates to share their experiences with one another and thus get close in their relationship. In this case, a good sense of humor can be a such a valuable quality as a single joke may break the silence and open up a nice conversation.
從這段文字里我們就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，本段幾乎沒有什么我們以前很多老師推崇的長難句，復(fù)雜句，整段內(nèi)容，幾乎都是由簡單句組成的。這對于現(xiàn)在的培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)的老師講課的內(nèi)容是一個(gè)大大的嘲諷，但是反過來又能告訴我們考生很多信息。
這段節(jié)選告訴我們：
1 托福滿分作文，要求的不是龐大的單詞量，而是在已有的8000單詞的準(zhǔn)確應(yīng)用。
2 想拿滿分作文，不是靠單純的堆砌復(fù)雜句就可以完成的，如果你還不相信這一點(diǎn)，請去中國各大留學(xué)論壇，看看一片哀嚎之音。
3 想要拿到30分，要求你寫出更為具體化的例子，而不是單純的泛泛而談。
有時(shí)，“投機(jī)取巧”與“踏實(shí)肯干”的差別就在一線之間。同樣一種方法，花1周的時(shí)間來研究，就是“踏實(shí)肯干”;只花一分鐘，讀完了事，就是投機(jī)取巧。
托福寫作成績?nèi)绾慰焖偬岣?/strong>
托福寫作里包括兩塊：一個(gè)是獨(dú)立寫作一個(gè)是綜合寫作。對于獨(dú)立寫作來講，從早期PPT托?？荚囈恢毖永m(xù)下來的形式，這個(gè)形式大家比較熟悉，包括思路和寫作材料，需要我們關(guān)注的有幾點(diǎn)，第一個(gè)Well Organized&Well Developed，怎么樣讓文章結(jié)構(gòu)寫的完整，而且把你的觀點(diǎn)闡述清楚。大家在寫的過程中可能Developed過程是特別重要的，你平時(shí)閱讀的時(shí)候要特別注意。
第二個(gè)是Appropriate Word Choice，就是你怎么樣把這個(gè)詞用對，寫出來一句話你要讓閱卷者完成閱讀并且完成理解如果你用一個(gè)說法以前沒有人用過，這個(gè)時(shí)候他看了也不知道是什么意思，如果我們第二語言學(xué)英語的時(shí)候，就像英語是第一母語學(xué)漢語的時(shí)候犯的錯(cuò)誤是一樣的。
第三個(gè)Cohesive&Coherent，主要是在語言論述和闡述過程中的問題，托福的作文寫的是議論文，不是小說也不是散文，所以在這個(gè)過程當(dāng)中如何讓文章結(jié)構(gòu)變得嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，這是重要的過程，你怎么樣讓它實(shí)現(xiàn)完整的論文結(jié)構(gòu)，所以老師會告訴大家怎么樣實(shí)現(xiàn)。另外在描述的過程中需要保持語言的連貫，第一個(gè)是邏輯的連貫性，邏輯是不是一致的，有沒有出現(xiàn)沖突。第二是語意上的連貫。
第四個(gè)Variety of Language Use你需要一種語言變化，平時(shí)在寫作文的時(shí)候會有一個(gè)問題，寫任何一個(gè)東西的時(shí)候我可能想腦子里信出來的表述方式非常有限，所以導(dǎo)致一講Said你就聽不明白了，對于語言的變化并不是要去炫，而是要你的語言表述有一種特征，向考官表明你能自由駕馭一種語言，這也是托?？荚嚤镜暮诵暮湍康?。
第二個(gè)綜合寫作，第一個(gè)No Attitude of the author，獨(dú)立寫作是你自己的想法，綜合寫作一定不能有自己的想法，你要看別人的東西，第二個(gè)就是Completely repeated Points必須完整復(fù)述你聽到、看到的東西，你在寫的時(shí)候不能漏掉聽到和看到的。第三個(gè)Parophrase我們在大學(xué)上課的時(shí)候需要看教科書、講義，聽教授講課，同時(shí)要做筆記，同時(shí)還要有自己的理解?？赡苷n后老師要你完成一個(gè)作業(yè)，托?？荚囋谶@點(diǎn)上把所有的練習(xí)都放在一個(gè)環(huán)境當(dāng)中，通過閱讀也好、寫作也好會對你自身在美國的學(xué)習(xí)打下非常好的基礎(chǔ)。
托福寫作的萬能論據(jù)整理
【插圖】
there are a great many beautiful and delicate pictures to illustrate the words and make it more understandable. With those wonderful pictures, learning can be real fun and easy!
【環(huán)境優(yōu)美】
The amazing part is its picturesque view and enjoyable surroundings. Having a walk beside the lake and rockery, I can smell the fragrance of grass and the flowers, hear the cries of the birds and feel the bracing breeze on my face.
With the language surroundings, it’ll be easy for me to polish my speaking and listening skills.This can render me a good opportunity to practice my English, and eventually put me in a favorable position in the upcoming competition.
【勇敢】
You’ve got to have faith and courage; the only thing we have to fear is fear itself. In this rapid developing society, if we’re easily freaked out by various challenges, then there’s no way we can succeed.
【放松】
It drives away my lassitude and helps me relax and relieve the pressure from work and study. What’s more? It even puts me in a better mood and wards off the depression and pessimism .
【好笑】
The scene is extremely hilarious and funny and make me laugh. Laugh can definitely drive away my lassitude and helps me relax and relieve the pressure from work and study. What’s more? It even puts me in a better mood and wards off the depression and pessimism .
【結(jié)交朋友】
I would be able to make friends with those who share the same love for this. Perhaps we can have a little get-together. We can talk, laugh, I mean, exchange our ideas and share our feelings. We all feel like one big family.
【榜樣作用】
Since he is the role model for us, heneeds to speak and behave appropriately, in order to set a good example for us. No one can deny that a good example can exert an profound influence on the people.
【守信】
He is a man of his word and he never breaks his promise. I remember once I asked him to pick up my cousin when I couldn’t come back. He did so even though he had caught a bad cold. I said thanks and sorry but he said it’s ok because he promised me. It is the characteristic of keeping faith enabled him to win my complete trust.
【熱心】
He is very obliging. Whenever you are in trouble, he is always the first one who comes up and gives you the shirt off his back. Once my computer was attacked by Trojan horse, it is him who spent four hours to help me get rid of it.
【善于表達(dá)】
He should be expressive to convey his ideas effectively and efficiently. He is supposed to speak loud and clear and be able to put difficult things in a way that is easy to understand. Only in this way can we fully comprehend his idea and better do our own job.
【體貼】
He is considerate and shows much care and concern about others. He is always trying to look at things from your angle and not to hurt you or upset you. For example, knowing that I am taking a nap or reading books, he would turn down the volume of the CD player.
【節(jié)約時(shí)間】
It’s such a time saver. In this fast-paced society, we all do our utmost to keep up with time. With the time it saves for us, we can do various meaningful things thus make the most of precious time which elapses every second
【避免堵車】
Since there is no traffic jam in subway lines, passengers can perfectly avoid the unpleasant traffic congestion. On one hand, it saves us time, on the other hand it’ll make it easier for us to make plans and schedules. In contrast, other vehicles running on the roads and streets are extremely subject to traffic conditions.
【覆蓋面廣】
The subway system cover almost all the major parts of the cities, stations can be seen everywhere. So it would be more convenient to go out by subway.
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托福寫作的五種形式
