關(guān)于英語(yǔ)作文表達(dá)的語(yǔ)言技巧分享
關(guān)于英語(yǔ)作文表達(dá)的語(yǔ)言技巧分享
今天小編為大家整理的守于英語(yǔ)表達(dá)的語(yǔ)言技巧分享,這對(duì)大家的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)會(huì)很有幫助哦,希望大家可以好好利用起來(lái),下面就讓我們一起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一下吧。
1. 前言部分
1.1 如何指出當(dāng)前研究的不足以及有目的地引導(dǎo)出自己的研究的重要性
通常在敘述了前人成果之后,用However來(lái)引導(dǎo)不足,比如
However, little information...
little attention has been devoted to…
little work...
little data / little research
or few studies / investigations / few attempts havebeen don on…
or none of these studies
has (have) been less
done on ... / focused on / attempted to
conducted / investigated / studied
(with respect to)
OR To the author's knowledge... There is little informationavailable in literature about...
Until recently, there is some lack of knowledge about...
Previous research (studies, records) has (have)
failed to consider
ignored
misinterpreted
neglected to
overestimated, underestimated
misleaded
thus, these previous results are
inconclusive / misleading…
unsatisfactory / questionable /controversial..
Uncertainties (discrepancies) still exist ...
一定要注意絕對(duì)不能全面否定前人的成果,即使在你看來(lái)前人的結(jié)論完全不對(duì)。這是前人工作最起碼的尊重,英文叫做給別人的工作credits.
所以文章不要出現(xiàn)非常negative的評(píng)價(jià),比如Theirresults are wrong, very questionable, have no commonsense, etc.
可以婉轉(zhuǎn)地提出:
Their studies may be more reasonable if they had considered this situation.
Their results could be better convinced if they ...
Or Their conclusion may remain someuncertainties.
1.2.之后引導(dǎo)出一種新方法,或者一種新方向。
如果研究的方法以及方向和前人一樣,可以通過(guò)下面的方式強(qiáng)調(diào)自己工作的作用:
However, data is still scarce
rare
less accurate
there is still dearth of
We need to / aim to / have to
provide more documents / data / records / studies
increase the dataset
Further studies are still necessary... / essential...
為了強(qiáng)調(diào)自己研究的重要性,一般還要在However之前介紹自己研究問(wèn)題的反方面,另一方面等等, 比如:
1)時(shí)間問(wèn)題
如果你研究的問(wèn)題時(shí)間上比較新,你就可以大量提及對(duì)時(shí)間較老的問(wèn)題的研究及重要性,然后說(shuō)(However),對(duì)時(shí)間尺度比較新的問(wèn)題研究不足
2)物性及研究手段問(wèn)題
如果你要應(yīng)用一種新手段或者研究方向,你可以提出當(dāng)前比較流行的方法以及物質(zhì)性質(zhì),然后說(shuō)對(duì)你所研究的方向和方法,研究甚少。
3)研究區(qū)域問(wèn)題
首先總結(jié)相鄰區(qū)域或者其它區(qū)域的研究,然后強(qiáng)調(diào)這一區(qū)域研究不足
4)不確定性
雖然前人對(duì)這一問(wèn)題研究很多,但是目前有兩種或者更多種的觀點(diǎn),這種uncertanties,ambiguities,值得進(jìn)一步澄清
5)提出自己的假設(shè)來(lái)驗(yàn)證
如果自己的研究完全是新的,沒(méi)有前人的工作進(jìn)行對(duì)比,在這種情況下,你可以自信地說(shuō),根據(jù)提出的過(guò)程,存在這種可能的結(jié)果,本文就是要證實(shí)這種結(jié)果。
We aim to test the feasibility (reliability) of the ...
It is hoped that the question will be resolved (fall away) with our proposedmethod (approach).
1.3. 如何提出自己的觀點(diǎn)
We aim to…
This paper reports on…
providesresults..
extends themethod…
focus on..
The purpose of this paper is to..
Furthermore, Moreover, In addition,, we will also discuss...
1.4. 圈定自己的研究范圍
前言的另外一個(gè)作用就是告訴讀者包括(reviewer)你的文章主要研究?jī)?nèi)容。如果處理不好,reviewer會(huì)提出嚴(yán)厲的建議,比如你沒(méi)有考慮某種可能性,某種研究手段等等。為了減少這種爭(zhēng)論,在前言的結(jié)尾你就要明確提出本文研究的范圍:
1)時(shí)間尺度問(wèn)題
如果你的問(wèn)題涉及比較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)序,你可以明確地提出本文只關(guān)心這一時(shí)間范圍的問(wèn)題。
We preliminarily focus on the older (younger)...
或者有兩種時(shí)間尺度的問(wèn)題 (long-term and short term),你可以說(shuō)兩者都重要,但是本文只涉及其中一種
2) 研究區(qū)域的問(wèn)題
和時(shí)間問(wèn)題一樣,明確提出你只關(guān)心這一地區(qū)
1.5. 最后的原場(chǎng)
在前言的最后,還可以總結(jié)性地提出,這一研究對(duì)其它研究的幫助。
或者說(shuō),further studies on ... will be summarized in ournext study (or elsewhere)
總之,其目的就是讓讀者把思路集中到你要討論的問(wèn)題上來(lái)。減少爭(zhēng)論(arguments).
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