寫作中要做好語句銜接與連貫

　　銜接是實(shí)現(xiàn)語句、語篇連貫的重要手段。語句或篇章如果缺乏必要的銜接，彼此之間就沒有內(nèi)在的有機(jī)聯(lián)系和符合邏輯的發(fā)展關(guān)系，行文也會(huì)雜亂無序，脈絡(luò)不清。連貫則是將語言內(nèi)容有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來，使之符合邏輯，從而達(dá)到語言的規(guī)范性和準(zhǔn)確性。銜接與連貫是語句、語篇的重要組成部分。下面是小編為您收集整理的寫作中要做好語句銜接與連貫，供大家參考!

　　寫作中要做好語句銜接與連貫

　　銜接(cohesion)可分為語法銜接和詞匯銜接，語法銜接通過語法手段得以實(shí)現(xiàn)，包括照應(yīng)(reference),替代(substitution)、省略(ellipsis)，而詞匯銜接則通過重復(fù)(repetition)、同義詞(synonym)、反義詞(antonym)、上下義關(guān)系(hyponymy)等復(fù)現(xiàn)(reiteration)手段的使用來完成。

　　連貫(coherence)是指句子內(nèi)部、句子和句子之間、段落內(nèi)部、段落與段落之間是否有連接成分或銜接詞來說明彼此間的邏輯關(guān)系。行文中如果缺乏必要的連接成分，僅僅用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)連接的寫作手法在漢語中尚屬可行。可在英語中，這種僅用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的連接方式會(huì)使所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容含義模糊.如“我很累，一步也走不動(dòng)了”一句，如果在英文中寫成下面兩種形式都是錯(cuò)誤的:1)"I was very tired, couldn't move a step"; 2)"I was so tired that couldn't move astep.”第一句應(yīng)該改成 I was very tired and couldn't move a step;第二句則應(yīng)該在that后面重復(fù)主語“I"，才能使句子意思清晰明確。但在漢語中卻是可行的，這就是英語與漢語之間的差別，學(xué)習(xí)寫作時(shí)應(yīng)引起足夠重視。

　　什么是主題句?有什么特點(diǎn)?

　　主題句是表示全段中心思想的句子，是段落展開的基礎(chǔ)，它表明作者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)、目的等.主題句一般簡明扼要，具有概括、抽象的特點(diǎn)。主題句是對(duì)文章段落意義的表述，文章中其他句子都受主題句的制約。換言之.文章段落的其他句子是對(duì)主題思想加以闡述、說明或論證，是語義層層擴(kuò)展、步步深人的核心。由于主題句的概括、抽象等特點(diǎn)，也稱其為概述句。寫作時(shí)，不可將某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)或具體事實(shí)當(dāng)做主題句來寫。請(qǐng)看下段:

　　Machine scored test is called "objective" type. In an objective test, the students answerquestions by deciding on the best choice among a number of alternatives given. Another one isthe "completion" type. This kind of examination requires the students to add a word or phraseto a sentence. And the third type is the essay examination, in which the students are asked towrite a composition on a given topic.

　　這是一段沒有主題句的段落，因?yàn)槎沃腥魏我痪涠疾荒芨爬ㄈ蝺?nèi)容，各句各自為政，均只是分別說明三種考試的特點(diǎn)。試比較下面經(jīng)過修改的段落:

　　There are three kinds of examinations. One is the machine scored "objective" type. In anobjective test, the students answer questions by deciding on the best choice among a numberof alternatives given. Another is the "completion" type. This kind of examination requires thestudents to add a word or phrase to a sentence. And the third type is the essay examination, inwhich the students are asked to write a composition on a given topic. All these kinds of examinations are designed to reveal what a student may have learned in any particular course.

　　通過與范例1進(jìn)行比較，我們可以看到，處于段首的"Examinations are of three kinds"顯然是該段的主題句，因?yàn)檫@一句不僅具有概括全段的特點(diǎn)，而且全段的其他文字都是圍繞著三種考試形式展開的。該段添加.七主題句后，使得段落的發(fā)展有了中心，讀者讀起來主題明確，論據(jù)充分。同時(shí)，為了進(jìn)一步體現(xiàn)段落的完整性，實(shí)現(xiàn)首尾相呼應(yīng)，該段在段末添加上了結(jié)論句"All these kinds of examinations are designed to reveal what a student may have learned inany particular course"，以達(dá)到對(duì)主題的進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)和突出.