雅思寫作評(píng)分細(xì)則：雅思寫作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)詳解
關(guān)于雅思寫作提分難，考生們大概是失了寫作備考的方向，一味的寫作練習(xí)卻不知道寫作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。小編為你帶來雅思寫作評(píng)分細(xì)則，通過對(duì)雅思寫作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的詳解來了解雅思寫作評(píng)分細(xì)則及要求。希望對(duì)考生的雅思寫作提分帶來一些啟示。
雅思寫作評(píng)分細(xì)則：雅思寫作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)詳解
雅思寫作評(píng)分細(xì)則：任務(wù)完成情況 Task Response
此項(xiàng)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)檢測(cè)的是考生是否恰當(dāng)回答了寫作要求的程度(degree to which the exam question has been answered properly).
任務(wù)完成情況主要包括三個(gè)方面：內(nèi)容(content)是否切題，立場(chǎng)(position)是否鮮明并得到有效闡釋，結(jié)構(gòu)(structure)是否有邏輯性。
Task 1的要求是考生在大約20分鐘內(nèi)完成一篇至少150字的文章，包括：summarize, describe or explain 圖表所包含的信息，同時(shí)也需要對(duì)相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行比較。因此完成一篇較好的小作文，需要做到以下幾點(diǎn)：
1)Identify ALL key features (找出圖表中所有的關(guān)鍵信息)
2)Provide sufficient detail for a meaningful explanation(進(jìn)行解釋說明時(shí)提供充分、適量的信息)，但是不要太多也不要太少!同時(shí)保證在描寫趨勢(shì)和數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)的準(zhǔn)確性。
3)A clear overview (一個(gè)清晰的概述)：summarise significant trends/features(總結(jié)出最明顯的趨勢(shì)和特征)
Task 2 的要求是考生在大約40分鐘內(nèi)完成一篇至少250字的文章：就某一問題闡述自己的觀點(diǎn)，并使用證據(jù)來支持此觀點(diǎn)。請(qǐng)注意：task 2 的分值比task 1要高! 那么要完成一篇出色的大作文，需要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
1)respond completely to all parts of the question (回答題目中的所有要求)
2)develop and support your ideas (提出并使用論據(jù)支持自己的觀點(diǎn))：不要只提觀點(diǎn)!添加explanations, examples or experiences!3)ensure your opinion is clear (保證整篇文章的觀點(diǎn)清晰一致)最后，提供考生們?cè)趯懽鲿r(shí)可以運(yùn)用的一個(gè)checklist：標(biāo)出題目中的關(guān)鍵詞;找出問題中有幾個(gè)部分;保證完成題目中的所有要求;寫作之前先梳理出觀點(diǎn)并確定其相關(guān)性;然后將觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分類和排序;嚴(yán)格遵循建議時(shí)間(20min+40 min)并達(dá)到最低字?jǐn)?shù)要求。
內(nèi)容如何做到切題，關(guān)鍵在于審題時(shí)要找準(zhǔn)題目的主題(topic)以及針對(duì)該主題所提出的問題(topic questions)。一般來說，主題就是題目中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或主句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語的名詞以及名詞短語，而問句則通常就是我們要討論的要點(diǎn)，如果要點(diǎn)理解有誤或漏掉某個(gè)要點(diǎn)，則都屬于沒有切題。譬如：
With the increasing use of mobile phones, less people tend to write letters. Some people believe that writing letters will disappear completely. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
從這個(gè)題目當(dāng)中我們不難看出writing letters出現(xiàn)的頻率較高，且都在主句中出現(xiàn)，說明它就是我們要找的主題，如果你過多描述mobile phones給我們帶來的好處就跑題了。另外，題目的寫作任務(wù)也很清楚：Do you agree that writing letters will disappear completely? 屬于“支持或反對(duì)”類的題，必須明確表達(dá)你的立場(chǎng)，不能既同意又不同意，同時(shí)表達(dá)你同意或不同意的理由。
立場(chǎng)要做到鮮明并得到有效闡釋需要有如下幾個(gè)內(nèi)容：topic sentence(主題句)，main ideas(論點(diǎn))，supporting points(論據(jù))。主題句通常放在文章的首段，開門見山地表明你的立場(chǎng)，主題句只能有一個(gè);論點(diǎn)放在中間段的首句，讓讀者一目了然，論點(diǎn)應(yīng)該有兩個(gè)以上，否則論證就不充分;論據(jù)包括evidence(證據(jù))、examples(例子)等，放在論點(diǎn)后面，每個(gè)論點(diǎn)都應(yīng)該有論據(jù)作支撐，否則就會(huì)顯得論據(jù)不足。
合理的文章結(jié)構(gòu)通常由三大部分組成，即引言(introduction)、主體(body)和結(jié)論(conclusion)，寫4-5段比較合理。引言要涵蓋主題、寫作任務(wù)和主題句，主體則要包括足夠的論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)，結(jié)論可以重申觀點(diǎn)、提出建議或展望未來。在這里需要提醒大家一定要認(rèn)真審題，許多考生在考試的時(shí)候沒有看清題目要求，明明題目分析優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，有些同學(xué)卻寫成了同意與否的題目，整篇文章走題，只能取得5分以下的分?jǐn)?shù)。
雅思寫作評(píng)分細(xì)則：連貫與銜接 Coherence and Cohesion
文章的連貫性主要體現(xiàn)在段落與段落之間，句子與句子之間。
段落之間的“啟”、“承”、“轉(zhuǎn)”、“合”可通過表順序的過渡詞完成，譬如：
表示開始：first of all, in the first place, at the very beginning, to begin with, currently, at present, for one thing等。
表示承接：besides, further more, in addition, moreover, what’s more, meanwhile, apart from, as well as, similarly, in the same way等。
表示轉(zhuǎn)折：however, whereas, while, on the contrary, in contrast, on the other hand等。
表示結(jié)論：in conclusion, in brief, in short, to sum up, ultimately, overall等。
句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系也要通過一些邏輯連詞來完成，譬如：
表示原因：because (of ), accordingly, due to, owing to, for this reason, since, as a result, as a consequence等。
表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)：in my opinion, personally, from my viewpoint, it seems to me, it is clear to me that, as far as I am concerned
舉例說明：for example, for instance, as follows, such as, that is to say, namely, just as, in particular等。
表示讓步：although, in spite of, despite of, despite the fact that, regardless of等。
句子的好壞主要取決于句子結(jié)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)確性和豐富性，句子的長(zhǎng)度和復(fù)雜性以及用語的邏輯性和正式性。
句子結(jié)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)確性涉及主謂一致、句子平衡性等問題，比如：The main reason for this use of informal languages are various and complicated. 這個(gè)句子不細(xì)心的同學(xué)很難發(fā)現(xiàn)它有問題，因?yàn)橹髡Z太長(zhǎng)有時(shí)會(huì)忽視真正的主語其實(shí)是the main reason，是個(gè)單數(shù)形式，所以are應(yīng)該改為is. 再比如：In my opinion, use mobile phones to send messages is more convenient than write letters. 這是個(gè)很典型的錯(cuò)誤，很多同學(xué)在寫作的過程當(dāng)中會(huì)誤把動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語當(dāng)主語用而造成句子結(jié)構(gòu)的錯(cuò)誤，而只有動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式才能在句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語，因此，此句正確的表達(dá)應(yīng)該是：In my opinion, using mobile phones to send messages is more convenient than writing letters.
句子結(jié)構(gòu)的豐富性也是考官給分的一個(gè)亮點(diǎn)，好的段落應(yīng)該由不同的句式組成，而不應(yīng)該是千篇一律的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：I have many hobbies. For example, I like movies, I like playing basketball and football, and I like singing and dancing. 很明顯，該句完全由“I + do”結(jié)構(gòu)組成且like使用的頻率過高，我們不妨做如下修改：I have many hobbies. Movies, for example, are my favorite and I am also fond of playing basketball and football. Sometimes when staying with my friends, I’d prefer singing and dancing rather than any other way of amusement.
句子的長(zhǎng)度和難度是很多考生追求的目標(biāo)，其實(shí)并不需要每個(gè)句子都寫得很長(zhǎng)很復(fù)雜，相反，如果整篇文章都是長(zhǎng)難句，考官也會(huì)覺得很厭煩，就像一個(gè)人喜歡吃紅燒肉，如果你天天給他吃紅燒肉，他也會(huì)覺得很膩味一樣，因此最好的方法就是長(zhǎng)短句結(jié)合。
短句變長(zhǎng)：即善用連接詞and, but, or, yet, so等。例如：Living off campus is exciting. Living off campus is more independent. I prefer the convenience of living on campus. 不難看出，這是兩種對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)，因此我們可以將其變?yōu)椋篖iving off campus is exciting and more independent, but I prefer the convenience of living on campus.
還有比較重要的一點(diǎn)是不容忽視的，即用語的正式性和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性。實(shí)際上，在漢語中也有很多這樣的例子，比如我們說：“這里人真多啊!”這就是一個(gè)典型的口語化的表達(dá)方式，而如果用“人山人?！?、“車水馬龍”、“摩肩接踵”等詞來形容人多就是寫作語言了。我們不妨看幾個(gè)非正式用語的句子：Parents have to get kids food and other stuff. 此句中的kids和stuff就是兩個(gè)非正式用語，如變成：Parents have to provide children with food and other necessities.就正式了。再如：People always say competitive sports are totally cool. 此句中的cool以及這個(gè)句式都是屬于比較口語化的，應(yīng)該變?yōu)椋篒t is always said that competitive sports benefit us in several important ways.
雅思寫作評(píng)分細(xì)則：詞匯資源 Lexical Resource
此項(xiàng)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)考察考生寫作詞匯的多樣性&準(zhǔn)確性。幾條小建議：
1)注意學(xué)習(xí)同義詞
2)學(xué)習(xí)詞伙(collocation)，而非一個(gè)獨(dú)立的單詞
3)使用正確的詞性
4)寫完一定要檢查(檢查拼寫錯(cuò)誤，豐富語言)
5)正確使用一些不常見詞匯注意：考官并不會(huì)看你詞匯或觀點(diǎn)的創(chuàng)新性，而是有效、準(zhǔn)確地闡述!
詞匯的多少并不能決定文章的好壞，但用詞的精準(zhǔn)性是可以加分的。一般來說詞匯的準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)可以通過兩個(gè)方面達(dá)到，一是在用詞的難度上拔高，二是在近義詞的多種表達(dá)上提升。譬如要描述一個(gè)好人，很多同學(xué)首先想到的形容詞就是good, kind, wise, nice, clever, great, bright等詞，而這些詞往往很難出彩，因?yàn)槊枋鎏^于抽象，如果能用到諸如ambitious, tactful, eloquent, charismatic, committed之類的詞就很具體了。當(dāng)然，這些詞需要我們平時(shí)的日積月累，不是靠一兩天的功夫就可以運(yùn)用自如的。還有，值得提醒的是不要認(rèn)為這些詞好就過分堆積，會(huì)給考官留下華而不實(shí)的感覺，正如優(yōu)秀的廚師往往都不會(huì)用太多的佐料，而只需油鹽就可以了。
雅思寫作取得高分的關(guān)鍵在于靈活地運(yùn)用詞匯，多使用非常用詞匯，分?jǐn)?shù)一般來說不會(huì)低于5.5分。因此，在日常學(xué)習(xí)中，如何區(qū)別低分詞匯和高分詞匯是關(guān)鍵所在。中國(guó)考生一般來說可以比較正確的表達(dá)出自己的觀點(diǎn)，但是對(duì)于詞匯和句式的使用就有些茫然了，經(jīng)常會(huì)重復(fù)使用詞匯，句式也只會(huì)用簡(jiǎn)單句。舉一個(gè)例子，英語中的‘我認(rèn)為’有無數(shù)種說法，大多數(shù)中國(guó)考生只會(huì)用‘I think’ , 值得注意的是，學(xué)術(shù)寫作中的 ‘我認(rèn)為’不能使用這個(gè)詞組，I contend, from my point of view, as far as I am concerned, I argue, I assert…這些詞匯都是學(xué)術(shù)英語中表示個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)的高分詞匯。
雅思寫作評(píng)分細(xì)則：語法準(zhǔn)確性 Grammatical Range & Accuracy
此項(xiàng)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)考察考生寫作語法的多樣性&準(zhǔn)確性。語法的多樣性發(fā)面方面，請(qǐng)關(guān)注：時(shí)態(tài)，比較級(jí)，條件句，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用。同時(shí)也請(qǐng)注意使用復(fù)雜句，注意整篇文章簡(jiǎn)單句和復(fù)雜句用量的平衡。注意，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)使用錯(cuò)誤也會(huì)失分!不過，并不要求考生做到100%無誤，但控制錯(cuò)誤率很重要!考官將會(huì)根據(jù)這些錯(cuò)誤“影響信息交流的程度”酌情扣分，而非“錯(cuò)誤的數(shù)量”!注意：留出時(shí)間檢查語法錯(cuò)誤，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你總是能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)一些錯(cuò)誤!
雅思7分范文：環(huán)保
Some people think that environmental problems are too big for individuals to deal with. Others, however, think that each individual should take some actions. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
It is true that our tiny individual actions often seem insignificant compared to the scale and complexity of global environmental problems such as pollution, deforestation and depletion of natural resources. But that does not relieve our duty as individuals to do as much as we can to deal with these problems.
Individual actions, small as they may be, can prove more effective than we realize. We can avoid driving the car, and take public transit, walk, or bicycle instead. This will reduce the use of fossil fuels and cut pollution. Saving energy at home, like turning on the air conditioner only when we have to, or turning water heater down a few degrees, is also ultimately good for the environment. Individual actions can also turn into united powers when, for example, the whole neighborhood is mobilized to participate in a local campaign to oppose environmentally damaging policies.
There are, however, obstacles that stand in the way of individual action towards environmental conservation. The first obstacle is the lack of professional knowledge needed to cope with serious environmental issues like soil erosion and salinity, which require a significant amount of investigation and research. Another obstacle which makes individual action almost impossible is when an environmental emergency or accident happens, e.g. an oil spill near the bord der line, which would necessitate government intervention or even international coordination.
So, in conclusion, when it comes to environmental problems, individual actions are indispensable in the problem solving process. But the most pressing and complicated problems go far beyond an individual’s capability and so require the concerted effort of the government as well as the global community.
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教師指導(dǎo)雅思寫作高分范文使用方法
1、備考的同學(xué)們至少要把劍九上的每道作文題都細(xì)致地分析過一遍，在話題內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)框架、文字素材方面進(jìn)行全面歸納。
2、考生練習(xí)時(shí)務(wù)必保證在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成作文。避免考試時(shí)短路或緊張，導(dǎo)致崩盤。
3、考生切記紙上談兵，一定要?jiǎng)庸P寫。寫完后更要認(rèn)真重讀修改，有條件的可以找老師或其他英語水平較好的人修改并提建議，在修改的過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，下次寫作時(shí)可以改正，提高寫作能力。
4、雖然選入書中的原題不可能再完全一樣地重現(xiàn)考場(chǎng)，但書后附上的考官范文和帶有細(xì)致點(diǎn)評(píng)的考生例文都是非常有價(jià)值的。
5、試著把考官的范文翻譯成中文，再以自己的思路和語言由中文重新翻譯改寫成英文，在語言轉(zhuǎn)換的過程中體會(huì)中英兩種語言在結(jié)構(gòu)、用詞、邏輯上的異同，尋找自己在寫作中常犯的錯(cuò)誤或影響表達(dá)的中式英語，提升語言的準(zhǔn)確度。
雅思7分范文：詆毀同行的廣告
Manufacturers who advertise sometimes directly name one or two of their competitors and attack their products. What are your feelings about this advertising practice? Write an essay of about 250 words describing your ideas.
Advertisers who directly attack their competitors may amuse me if they do it cleverly. However, they have probably lost me as a customer.
Companies who attack their rivals remind me of people who boost their egos by criticizing others. When people do this, I often suspect they have little to offer and may even have something to hide. I would rather find out what is good about a person, not what is bad about someone else.
Similarly, I like advertising that lets me know about products that might meet my needs. I don't place much faith in ads telling me what may be wrong with a rival product. I tend to suspect that the information could be biased.
I also believe advertisers are foolish to name their rivals because by doing so they give the competing product free publicity. If the competition is worth attacking, I tend to think it may actually have something to offer.
In advertising, as in life, I believe we should try to be the best we can be, without belittling the next person - or the rival product.
雅思7分范文：賺錢的欲望
Most people have dreams of one day becoming rich. But does the average person have the ability to make a lot of money? Think about this question. Then write about 250 words describing your thoughts.
When lack of money prevents us from having something we want very much, it is tempting to dream of being rich. It is hard to keep in mind that Americans are already wealthy compared with people in many other parts of the world. Our modern conveniences would have been the envy of kings in times past. Just the same, most people would like a larger. Whether most people are capable of making a lot of money is another question.
People in average circumstances can often get ahead through education, hard work, and careful money management. But getting ahead is not the same as actually becoming rich.
Only a small percentage of Americans could be called truly wealthy. Some people joined this group from ordinary beginnings. Usually they have done it by carefully riding some major development in the economy on its way up. In the past, great fortunes have been made in oil, steel, and railroads. Recently, some people have made millions in computers and real estate.
Usually, though, it takes money to make money. Big investors often start rich and then get richer. Most of us cannot strike oil or start the next new technical breakthrough. Most people are not born into wealthy families, either. In America it certainly is possible to become more prosperous. But unless someone wins the lottery, real wealth is not very likely to come along.
雅思寫作評(píng)分細(xì)則：雅思寫作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)詳解相關(guān)文章：
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雅思寫作評(píng)分細(xì)則：雅思寫作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)詳解
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