雅思寫(xiě)作如何算分的
隨著出國(guó)留學(xué)成為一件越來(lái)越熱門(mén)的事情，參加雅思考試的人數(shù)也逐漸增多，越來(lái)越多地人對(duì)雅思考試不再陌生，對(duì)于備考雅思寫(xiě)作的考生來(lái)說(shuō)，需要做的第一件事就是了解雅思寫(xiě)作的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，下面我們就帶大家來(lái)看雅思作文如何評(píng)分計(jì)算。
雅思寫(xiě)作如何算分
第一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是切題(Task Achievement)。
此項(xiàng)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)檢測(cè)的是考生是否恰當(dāng)回答了寫(xiě)作要求的程度(degree to which the exam question has been answered properly).任務(wù)完成情況主要包括三個(gè)方面：內(nèi)容(content)是否切題，立場(chǎng)(position)是否鮮明并得到有效闡釋，結(jié)構(gòu)(structure)是否有邏輯性。
很多考生對(duì)這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的理解其實(shí)停留在不跑題的層面,所以他們考完后都認(rèn)為自己語(yǔ)法詞匯俱佳，卻不知道自己為什么分?jǐn)?shù)不高。其實(shí)不然，考官要看到的作文不但緊扣主題，而且要論證充分。如果考生要證明的觀點(diǎn)只有1-2個(gè)分論點(diǎn)，而且每個(gè)分論點(diǎn)的Supporting Details也不充分，肯定是很難拿高分的。
第二個(gè)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是銜接與連貫(Coherence&Cohesion)。
文章的連貫性主要體現(xiàn)在段落與段落之間，句子與句子之間。段落之間的“啟”、“承”、“轉(zhuǎn)”、“合”可通過(guò)表順序的過(guò)渡詞完成。句子的長(zhǎng)度和難度是很多考生追求的目標(biāo)，其實(shí)并不需要每個(gè)句子都寫(xiě)得很長(zhǎng)很復(fù)雜，相反，如果整篇文章都是長(zhǎng)難句，考官也會(huì)覺(jué)得很厭煩。
很多考生簡(jiǎn)單認(rèn)為要多寫(xiě)邏輯連詞就能做到銜接與連貫。其實(shí)這也是個(gè)片面的理解。沒(méi)錯(cuò)，邏輯連詞非常重要，但是，不是銜接與連貫的全部。很多考生過(guò)去追求邏輯連接而忽視了Contents本身，忽視了對(duì)最Powerful&Persuasive論證的選取。劍七的第171頁(yè)一篇Band7的意思作文，考官的評(píng)語(yǔ)里就有:" There is some under-use of cohesive devices and some incorrect referencing, but links bet ween sentences and paragraphs can be clearly followed. " 上句發(fā)送我們一個(gè)信息，邏輯連接詞的使用不足是問(wèn)題，但是內(nèi)容本身也不能出問(wèn)題，所以寫(xiě)作要講究形式也要注意本質(zhì)。劍六的162也一篇7.5分的考生范文，考官評(píng)價(jià)道:"There are too many errors in cohesion, however, and some linkers are not always fully approximately",這也印證了考生往往會(huì)一不留神地形似而忘內(nèi)容本身的錯(cuò)誤。
第三個(gè)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是：詞匯資源(Lexical Resources)。
我們對(duì)雅思寫(xiě)作詞匯有兩個(gè)誤解，一個(gè)上文已經(jīng)提到，認(rèn)為越大越好，殊不知濃縮的才是精華的。第二個(gè)誤解是寫(xiě)作的選詞越大越好，比如寫(xiě)貧窮，很多學(xué)生寫(xiě) impoverishe
d 或者impecunious，他們認(rèn)為出現(xiàn)頻率越少的詞匯分?jǐn)?shù)越高。所以詞匯量不到自然沒(méi)有信心。其實(shí)不然，寫(xiě)作的詞匯技巧在劍六劍七的考官評(píng)語(yǔ)中可以N次發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)詞--Paraphrase. 有時(shí)候?qū)懙氖莍nadequacy of paragraph(劍七page166)， 有時(shí)候?qū)憄araphrase is not always logical(劍七169). 其實(shí)這里面隱藏了一個(gè)潛規(guī)則。我們可以使用詞性轉(zhuǎn)換的方式，定語(yǔ)從句，后置定語(yǔ)改寫(xiě)的方式來(lái)同義替換而不是單單從近義詞或者同義詞這個(gè)層面。比如我們可以寫(xiě) those who are in need 表示窮人，或者people living in poverty,或者 those who are financially incapable 都是很好的替換窮的表達(dá)。
幾條小建議：
1)注意學(xué)習(xí)同義詞
2)學(xué)習(xí)詞伙(collocation)，而非一個(gè)獨(dú)立的單詞
3)使用正確的詞性
4)寫(xiě)完一定要檢查(檢查拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤，豐富語(yǔ)言)
5)正確使用一些不常見(jiàn)詞匯注意：考官并不會(huì)看你詞匯或觀點(diǎn)的創(chuàng)新性，而是有效、準(zhǔn)確地闡述!
第四個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的范圍和準(zhǔn)確性(Grammatical Range and Accuracy)。
此項(xiàng)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)考察考生寫(xiě)作語(yǔ)法的多樣性&準(zhǔn)確性。語(yǔ)法的多樣性發(fā)面方面，請(qǐng)關(guān)注：時(shí)態(tài)，比較級(jí)，條件句，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用。同時(shí)也請(qǐng)注意使用復(fù)雜句，注意整篇文章簡(jiǎn)單句和復(fù)雜句用量的平衡。注意，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)使用錯(cuò)誤也會(huì)失分!不過(guò)，并不要求考生做到100%無(wú)誤，但控制錯(cuò)誤率很重要!
雅思作文如何拿分第一題，小作文。除了偶爾出現(xiàn)的流程圖外，整體上都是給出一個(gè)或多個(gè)互相關(guān)聯(lián)的圖表、圖解或表格，對(duì)其中涵蓋的信息或數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行描述不少于150字。這道題，百分百可以用寫(xiě)作模版來(lái)解決。面對(duì)題目信息，首先要抓住趨勢(shì)描述、數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比、數(shù)據(jù)極值，然后利用模版來(lái)將這些信息表達(dá)出來(lái)。多找?guī)灼骖}練熟就可以。
第二題，大作文。給出一個(gè)看法、問(wèn)題或議題，考生就此進(jìn)行論述，不少于250字。這道題，百分之三十可以用寫(xiě)作模版來(lái)解決。結(jié)構(gòu)、開(kāi)頭、結(jié)尾都可以套用模版，論述部分需要表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。也就是說(shuō)，模版是骨，語(yǔ)言是肉。關(guān)于模版可以參考我之前的一篇文章，重點(diǎn)掌握結(jié)構(gòu)，學(xué)好連接詞、轉(zhuǎn)折詞、常用短語(yǔ)的用法，然后自己提前準(zhǔn)備好模版。
這里面也有一個(gè)潛規(guī)則，那就是很多考生認(rèn)為長(zhǎng)難句，或者說(shuō)語(yǔ)法越難越高分。所以他們常常根據(jù)高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的水平衡量自己寫(xiě)作的語(yǔ)法水平。其實(shí)這是完全不同的兩個(gè)概念。原因很簡(jiǎn)單，高考考的都是"糾結(jié)中的糾結(jié)"，雅思寫(xiě)的都是"復(fù)雜中的簡(jiǎn)單"。我們仔細(xì)看看劍六劍七后面的7分和7.5分的考生范文，還有考官8分范文我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，考生習(xí)慣性寫(xiě)長(zhǎng)難句考官卻習(xí)慣寫(xiě)簡(jiǎn)單語(yǔ)法。
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)考官的范文中常見(jiàn)語(yǔ)法中最多的是：并列句。這是一個(gè)出乎很多考生意料的結(jié)果，呵呵。比如劍七page168,小作文的一段就兩句話共65個(gè)字。兩句話都是并列句。In 1980 Australia used coal as the main electricity sources(50units) and the remainder was produced from natural gas, hydro power(each producing 20 units) and oil(which produced only 10 units). By 2000, coal had became the fuel for more than 75% of electri city produced and only hydro continued to be another significant sou rce supplying approximately 20%.
雅思寫(xiě)作最爛能給幾分 雅思寫(xiě)作有低于5分的嗎
很多考生的雅思寫(xiě)作是比較弱的項(xiàng)目，所以考試前總會(huì)有雅思寫(xiě)作最爛給幾分或雅思寫(xiě)作有5分以下的嗎這種疑問(wèn)，有這種問(wèn)題還是說(shuō)明你的備考不夠到位，最起碼你沒(méi)有進(jìn)行基礎(chǔ)的復(fù)習(xí)，要知道雅思寫(xiě)作最爛有幾分，我們首先要來(lái)一起看一下雅思閱讀的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：
雅思寫(xiě)作是由考官按任務(wù)完成情況(Task 1)/任務(wù)回答情況(Task 2)、連貫與銜接、詞匯變換、句式多樣性和語(yǔ)法準(zhǔn)確性這四項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)分別評(píng)等級(jí)分。
寫(xiě)作任務(wù)完成情況/任務(wù)回應(yīng)情況：
雅思寫(xiě)作Task1，考生都需要按照要求完成寫(xiě)作任務(wù)，要求是根據(jù)作文的要求找出所有關(guān)鍵信息，進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明，必要時(shí)需要提供細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，如出現(xiàn)重要數(shù)據(jù)，要確保其準(zhǔn)確性。
雅思寫(xiě)作Task2，要求考生回答題目中的要求，表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，并用相關(guān)論據(jù)解釋自己的觀點(diǎn)。
連貫與銜接：
關(guān)于連貫性和銜接，主要考察的是考生的文章主旨能力和信息觀點(diǎn)的連接能力。連貫性具體指的是文章的流暢度、文章觀點(diǎn)的邏輯是否清晰，段落結(jié)構(gòu)是否恰當(dāng)。
銜接性指的是考生對(duì)于連接詞的使用是否能夠幫助考生整合觀點(diǎn)，將段落、句子和句子成分之間的關(guān)系闡明清楚。
詞匯變換：
首先多注意積累同義詞，減少重復(fù)用詞;注意描述和表達(dá)方式的多樣化，在轉(zhuǎn)述題目時(shí)，盡量使用同義詞或其他表達(dá)方式，避免重復(fù)題目中的原詞;注意詞匯搭配和詞組的使用，不太需要所謂的高級(jí)詞匯。
另外，關(guān)于詞匯準(zhǔn)確性，考生要注意詞匯的使用語(yǔ)境、詞匯的拼寫(xiě)。很多考生喜歡用一些生僻詞匯，卻做不到多樣和準(zhǔn)確，考官對(duì)于詞匯的要求只是準(zhǔn)確，多樣，所以盡管考生備考很努力，但分?jǐn)?shù)依然不高的原因就是搞錯(cuò)了寫(xiě)作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中對(duì)詞匯的要求。
句式多樣性和語(yǔ)法準(zhǔn)確性：
雅思寫(xiě)作對(duì)于句式多樣性的要求主要是在作文中，注意時(shí)態(tài)、比較級(jí)、動(dòng)詞、復(fù)雜句等使用。而準(zhǔn)確性則是建立在使用的場(chǎng)景正確。
所以說(shuō)按雅思評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，最爛應(yīng)該就是5分，運(yùn)氣好點(diǎn)，會(huì)得5.5分。
5分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是，字?jǐn)?shù)夠，不偏題。
6分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是，字?jǐn)?shù)夠，不偏題，用對(duì)一個(gè)復(fù)雜句。
5.5分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是，字?jǐn)?shù)夠，不偏離，嘗試用一個(gè)復(fù)雜句，但是有錯(cuò)誤。
這個(gè)是硬性的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但是寫(xiě)作這個(gè)東西不是客觀題，會(huì)帶有一定主觀性，所以考官個(gè)人的喜好，嚴(yán)厲程度，會(huì)造成成績(jī)上下0.5誤差。但不會(huì)差太多。
另外還有的問(wèn)題就是考生在時(shí)間緊張和頭腦比較緊張的情況下可能會(huì)忘記提前準(zhǔn)備的句子，這時(shí)候你寫(xiě)出來(lái)的就都是陳詞濫調(diào)了，以下的這些句子考官看到就不會(huì)給你高分了：
1.
這個(gè)句子出現(xiàn)在文章里相當(dāng)于廢話，除了說(shuō)明結(jié)構(gòu)，其中沒(méi)有包含任何實(shí)際信息點(diǎn)。不要用這樣的句子，而是直接清晰地說(shuō)出你的觀點(diǎn)，還有一個(gè)類似的就是“I shall put my arguments to support my views in the following paragraphs”這種也得避免。一般的考試可能很有用，但是雅思考試卻行不通。
2.
大多數(shù)同學(xué)都用過(guò)這招吧?但是這個(gè)句子也用的爛大街了，如果是科技文還行，不是科技文你不是給讀者造成困擾了么，不用說(shuō)這些客套話，直接在文章中說(shuō)出你的話題就行。
3.
這也是用得太多了，雅思essay的話題大多數(shù)都是當(dāng)前的話題，你不需要加上個(gè)時(shí)間限定，這個(gè)句型只適合過(guò)去跟現(xiàn)在對(duì)比的那一種，since the dawn of time...跟雅思問(wèn)題不沾邊，還有人用Nowadays來(lái)開(kāi)頭，再說(shuō)一遍以上都不需要，你就直接說(shuō)關(guān)鍵信息就行。
4
這個(gè)句子相當(dāng)于誤用，雅思考試的大多數(shù)話題都沒(méi)有什么爭(zhēng)議，controversial的意思是引發(fā)深入討論和強(qiáng)烈反響的那種，比方說(shuō)“the death penalty”，但是“watching sport on TV or playing it”這種基本上沒(méi)太大爭(zhēng)議。記住雅思作文99%的話題都是沒(méi)有什么爭(zhēng)議的，所以'highly debatable"的使用也一定要小心!
5.
這個(gè)也用的太多了，其實(shí)“the most important aspect...”或者“one of the key issues is ...”在作文里的表達(dá)更自然一些。
6.
雅思task2的寫(xiě)作不必非得要引用那種出版了的或者非常知名的研究，像'for instance, the majority of working people do not..."就行。
7.
閱卷老師已經(jīng)看過(guò)n多次這個(gè)句子了，還不如就寫(xiě)成'learn more","opening their mind to something"或者"developing deeper understanding of something”,別光是背別人的句子，你要自己自然地表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)。
8.
這也是一個(gè)不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)的“套句”，“one reason that X is improtant/crucial...”"it cannot be denied"是使用最多的一個(gè)病句，它的意思是100%的正確，但是essay里面的大多數(shù)都不是板上釘釘?shù)氖聦?shí)，有變化的區(qū)間，所以說(shuō)這里用不合適。
9.
很多同學(xué)也喜歡用這個(gè)習(xí)語(yǔ)開(kāi)始自己的文章，但這是一個(gè)非正式的用法，在雅思考試?yán)锸遣惶线m的...
10.
這也是結(jié)尾處應(yīng)該避免的，你只需要在文章結(jié)尾處簡(jiǎn)單地重新說(shuō)一下你的主要觀點(diǎn)就行，不要用這種背下來(lái)的固定句式。
雅思寫(xiě)作范文：政府應(yīng)投資什么
Task：Some people say government should give the health care the first priorities , some others believe there are more important priorities to spend the tax payers' money. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Sample answer：
Where tax payers’ money goes is an issue of broad interest to the general public. Some people advocate that the government should give the health care the first priorities, while opponents hold the idea that other fields like education and public facilities are worth government funding. As far as I’m concerned, the possibility remains that the opinions can be reconciled and the government can coordinate budgeting to meet the needs.
Government interference in health-care and medical services is also highly recommended. Availability of affordable medical service is a mark of the social and economic development of a country. By providing the needy people with medical service, a country can inspire the loyally of citizens. People feel assured living and working in a country where they can be given medical service when unemployed, sick, injured or retired. By comparison, if they cannot afford the high cost of visiting the clinic, hospitalization, or buying drugs, they are less likely to enjoy their living. Social solidarity will eventually suffer.
However, both empirical knowledge and academic research suggest that making education available throughout a country and eliminating illiteracy can pave the way for economic development. By receiving education, children from impoverished families can shake off poverty, climb high in the social ladder and live better off. Education also allows citizens to secure employment and cam regular income, thereby maintaining or improving their standard of living. In the hierarchy of human needs, those needs for food, shelter and health are among the basic. After these targets are attained, people turn to higher aspirations, entertainment and recreation. Leisure facilities like stadiums are cinemas satisfy people's needs in these fields.
To draw a conclusion, the decision to finance health care or other fields depends on the financial situation of a country. When an economy comes to maturity, the launch of educational system and recreational entertainment projects are reasonable.
(312 words)
雅思寫(xiě)作范文：出國(guó)游
Task:International travel sometimes lead people have some prejudices rather than broad minds，why? How to improve the understanding of countries they visit?
Sample answer：
Such is human nature to explore those exotic countries and feel the sense of refreshment. Many people desire to expand their minds and enrich their experience of the world during the process of visiting their dream tourism destination. However, some problems inevitably ensue. Instead of feeling the pleasure of travel, what some sightseers feel are only culture prejudice, conflicts and misunderstandings.
First, historical differences and diverse customs, to some extent, contribute to the bias, misunderstandings and even hostility. A case in point is that eating dog meat is permissble and understandable in some minority areas in China. More precisely, Taiwan people might be quite amazed when hearing or seeing dog meat is edible, for it is illicit and forbidden to persecute dogs in Taiwan. It is conceivable that Taiwan tourists might be quite shocked and disappointed when visiting some Korean minority areas in Mainland in China. People there always take dog meat as delicious foods.
Further, some sightseers’ deeply rooted concept, and diverse life experience account for the appearance of culture prejudice. To illustrate, a kind of benediction like may you children become a dragon might be acceptable in Chinese culture. However, westerns might consider this kind of malediction as a curse for their children, for dragon equals to monster in western culture.
Several methods should be adopted to help tourists minimize the potential culture bias or emotional misunderstanding. Primarily, before paying a visit to one tourism destination, it is feasible to specialize in the customs, histories and local people’s lifestyle. For example, if a western visitor aims to do some sightseeing in the Chinese minority areas like Tibet, it is wise to get to know some taboo, learn some simple minority language and the minority tradition. Also, efforts should be made by those tourists guides or local mass media to disseminate local cultures and popularize some relevant travel taboo. In this sense, people will acquire the first-hand knowledge and thus have a deeper insight into a new country.
Overall, it is no easy task to iron out possible bias and conflicts before visiting some hot scenic spots. However, memorable travel experience favors the orepared minds.
(359 words)
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