新托福綜合寫作真題完整解析分享
托福寫作考試當(dāng)中分為獨(dú)立寫作和綜合寫作。其中綜合寫作中包括聽力內(nèi)容和閱讀內(nèi)容，考生需要綜合聽力和閱讀的內(nèi)容。這里小編為大家整理了托福綜合寫作真題的解析，希望對(duì)大家托福綜合寫作備考有幫助。
新托福綜合寫作真題完整解析分享
托福綜合寫作原文：
Throughout the Greek islands, archaeologists have found over 200 plate-sized ceramic disks dating to about 2000 to 3000 B.C.E. The disks are typically decorated on one side, while the other side is undecorated and has a raised edge that creates a shallow basin. They usually also have short handles. Archaeologists are still unclear about what the objects were used for. Three theories about their function have been proposed.
Pans for Cooking Food
Some archaeologists believe that the objects were used for cooking food. These archaeologists believe that food was placed on the undecorated side and that the raised edge on that side prevented the food from falling out of the pan. The handle would have made it easier and safer to remove the pan from a cooking fire or oven.
Drums
Other archaeologists believe that the objects were drums for making sounds. These archaeologists point out that animal skins could have been stretched over the side with the raised edge, creating an air chamber that would have amplified sound when the animal skin was struck. According to this theory, the person doing the drumming would hold the drum by the handle with one hand and strike the skin with the other hand.
Mirrors
Yet other archaeologists believe that the objects were a kind of ancient mirror. Although the objects are not made of a reflective material, they could have been used to create a reflection by pouring a liquid, such as olive oil, into the shallow basin with the raised edge. Supporters of this theory point out that the decorations found on the ceramic disks are similar to decorations found on hand-held metal mirrors made in ancient Greece.
Directions: You have 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Your response will be judged on the basis of the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the points in the lecture and their relationship to the reading passage. Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words.
閱讀：出土了一種用陶土做的disk，一面有花紋，一面沒花紋。沒花紋那面周圍有一圈凸起剛好形成了一個(gè)淺淺的碗。disk下面還有短短的手柄。這種disk有三種可能的用法。
1、用來(lái)做飯，disk無(wú)花紋面的碗剛好可以盛放食物，而手柄方便烹飪的時(shí)候移動(dòng)disk。
2、用來(lái)當(dāng)鼓，往disk上蒙上獸皮，就可以形成一個(gè)腔體。人們可以一手持手柄，一手擊鼓。
3、用作鏡子。往無(wú)花紋面里到些液體，就可以當(dāng)鏡子用了。而且，這種用法很像古希臘的手持鏡子。
聽力：上用法都不可信
1、不可能用于烹飪的。想一想我們家里用的pans and pots，使用之后會(huì)black end or discolored，因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)時(shí)間接觸高溫，炊具勢(shì)必會(huì)發(fā)黑。但是出土的200件disk中沒有一個(gè)出現(xiàn)了這種情況。
2、做鼓使用也不可能發(fā)出好聽的聲音。這中disk使用陶土制作，即使蒙上獸皮敲擊的聲音也遠(yuǎn)不如用獸皮和木頭制作的鼓好聽。此外，陶土制作的鼓非常沉，使用不便。
3、無(wú)法當(dāng)作鏡子。倒入液體后，disk就必須被水平放置，這樣人們可以彎腰照鏡子。但是被水平放置后，有花紋的那一面就看不見了。古希臘的鏡子是手持的，垂直拿在手里，這樣可以隨時(shí)看見鏡子的花紋。
主題
希臘發(fā)現(xiàn)了200多個(gè)圓盤狀的ceramic disks，一邊平面的有裝飾，一邊是周圍有突起的邊沒裝飾的。三種理論推測(cè)用途。
R&L對(duì)照
Reading:
1、Pans for cooking food.因?yàn)闆]裝飾那邊凹進(jìn)去，盛菜不會(huì)撒，且有把手好握著;
2、Drums.把動(dòng)物皮綁在disks周圍突起上面，可以制成鼓等等;
3、Mirrors. 古人把水等液體放進(jìn)去，容器放平，彎腰就能看見自己的figure。
Lecture: 逐一反駁
1、如果用來(lái)盛菜，會(huì)使ceramic disks變得blacken and discolor,因?yàn)楦邷?。同時(shí)出土的近200多件，太少了，不會(huì)是盛菜用的;
2、這樣的做法敲起來(lái)不會(huì)有好的聲音，解釋了一般的鼓部分原理。并且為什么古人放著那么多充足的適合做鼓的材料不用而用它呢;
3、如果是為了做鏡子用，就要把鏡子平放，那么人家干嘛還把背后平的那一面弄上裝飾呢，反正又沒人看得見嘛。
托福寫作備考之學(xué)會(huì)正確立意
托福作文需要不斷的練習(xí)與積累，但是想要高分首先還是得學(xué)會(huì)立意。
1， 要與論題相匹配。論題問(wèn)的既然是提高生活質(zhì)量與否，一些無(wú)關(guān)緊要的改變就應(yīng)該棄之不用，比如烹調(diào)時(shí)間縮短這一項(xiàng)改變，是事實(shí)，且未對(duì)生活質(zhì)量有直接明顯影響，就應(yīng)該避免用作主要論點(diǎn)。
2， 要能言之有物。這是再功利不過(guò)的一條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。比如我自己提到了食物準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間縮短能讓人性情改變，破題時(shí)覺得不無(wú)可能，真落筆時(shí)卻不知道由何說(shuō)起，如果選了這一條為一個(gè)主要論點(diǎn)，結(jié)果是我說(shuō)了一句話就走人，那還不如選個(gè)能下筆，能展示語(yǔ)言功底，也能顯示思維縝密的寫作方向。
3， 選擇的無(wú)論是2個(gè)還是3個(gè)論點(diǎn)，內(nèi)在一定要有聯(lián)系。這其實(shí)是整個(gè)立意階段的重頭。要立意，就是要明白自己表達(dá)的對(duì)象是什么，明確立場(chǎng)。然后站在這個(gè)立場(chǎng)上，挑選支持自己的論點(diǎn)。
托福寫作破題結(jié)束后，第二要做的重要事項(xiàng)便是整理行文思路。破題過(guò)程其實(shí)是個(gè)發(fā)散思維的過(guò)程，而立意，則是要把思維收回來(lái)，組織化，理清它的脈絡(luò)紋路，讓他們按照自認(rèn)為最有說(shuō)服力的順序排列好，準(zhǔn)備落于紙上的過(guò)程。這個(gè)說(shuō)服力的強(qiáng)弱，應(yīng)該以什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)判斷呢?筆者認(rèn)為，能說(shuō)服讀者的議論，在論點(diǎn)選擇上應(yīng)該遵循一個(gè)原則：三個(gè)(或者兩個(gè))論點(diǎn)不能在層面上有交叉，但要符合一條明線：支持全文觀點(diǎn)。而最打動(dòng)讀者的論點(diǎn)選擇，不僅遵循上面的原則，三個(gè)看似不交叉的論點(diǎn)間還有一條暗線貫穿一致。令全文渾然天成，回味無(wú)窮。
立意的地一步，按照上面的原則看，當(dāng)然是先確定觀點(diǎn)。以題目為例，筆者愿意選擇否，食物易于準(zhǔn)備降低了人們的生活質(zhì)量。第一步踏出去了。
確定觀點(diǎn)后，破題時(shí)得到的思維方向，明顯不利于我的就應(yīng)該排除。比如營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值改變這一條，雖然速食文化的確對(duì)人體有害，但另一項(xiàng)速食：生疏和熟粗糧，就是向有益方向改變的，兩者勢(shì)均力敵，僅管是很容易想到，也很容易舉例論證的論點(diǎn)，卻不宜使用，因?yàn)槿绱速Q(mào)然用了，有思維不縝密之嫌。然而，這畢竟是一塊好啃的骨頭，如果其他論點(diǎn)都不好論證，還可以回頭撿起這一條來(lái)，隱去健康速食那個(gè)事實(shí)進(jìn)行作文，當(dāng)然，這依然是下下之選。
托福寫作中需排除異己
之后，便該比較遺留的可能性論點(diǎn)，選取能言之有物且不交叉的項(xiàng)目，作為主要論點(diǎn)了。托福寫作考試發(fā)散思維時(shí)，思維如洪水，席卷一切進(jìn)入視野的可用之材，但大浪淘盡后，選擇時(shí)就要格外注意這些素材的特征屬性，看準(zhǔn)了著手點(diǎn)才能下手。一個(gè)可能的論點(diǎn)必須作者有話可說(shuō)才能選用，但如果對(duì)一個(gè)論點(diǎn)有太多話要說(shuō)，就應(yīng)該停下來(lái)，看看這些話能否安插在其他論點(diǎn)上。這也是出于觀察論點(diǎn)間交叉性的需要。比如我選生活節(jié)奏改變，引發(fā)出速食對(duì)食量的影響，再引出對(duì)身體的影響，但第一個(gè)選擇的論點(diǎn)是營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值對(duì)身體的影響，兩個(gè)論點(diǎn)就交叉在一起了。
在挑選論點(diǎn)，尋找言之有物這個(gè)“物”的時(shí)候，一定要注意避免層面的交叉，而這個(gè)層面，也要從托福寫作題目中來(lái)：題目問(wèn)的是對(duì)生活質(zhì)量的影響，這些選擇的層面一定和生活質(zhì)量有關(guān)。生活質(zhì)量又有什么層面呢?身體健康是一層，心理健康是一層，這兩者合并在一起，是人類健康生活的基本要求，而物質(zhì)享受是在基本要求上的錦上添花，又可以算一層，三層不交叉的層面就找到了。以此為依據(jù)，再回頭找匹配的論點(diǎn)，事半功倍。此處也需要注意，破題時(shí)給出的方向只是方向，不是成熟的論點(diǎn)。有需要時(shí)，可以把匹配的幾個(gè)方向糅合成一個(gè)論點(diǎn)，方便下筆。
針對(duì)本題，三個(gè)論點(diǎn)如下：身體健康下降：速食對(duì)食量的影響。心理健康下降：快速的生活節(jié)奏造成壓力。物質(zhì)享受下降：精心調(diào)配的美食是一種格調(diào)，人們正在沉淪于生活壓力中，喪失享受的品位。這三個(gè)論點(diǎn),大家可能都看得心滿意足,以為思路完成了,可以下筆了.事實(shí)上就這么下筆,的確已經(jīng)可以成文了.可要寫成一篇?jiǎng)尤说淖h論,還是不夠.因?yàn)檫@三個(gè)論點(diǎn)雖不交叉,卻只有一條明線為關(guān)聯(lián):這條明線就是支持全文觀點(diǎn).細(xì)細(xì)研究,它們?cè)贌o(wú)其它聯(lián)系,如果寫成文章,讀后不會(huì)有一氣呵成的暢快淋漓之感,也不會(huì)特別深入人心.
這條暗線，應(yīng)該是什么呢?是讓托福寫作從死板規(guī)矩的舉例說(shuō)理，三片豆腐塊兒拼成的死文字，變成有思想，又靈性，能從紙上走出來(lái)，走進(jìn)讀者內(nèi)心去的，作者的心聲。這暗線，就是前文提過(guò)的，能賦予文章品格的，剛?cè)嶂?，是或者以情，或者以理，串?lián)整篇文章。
既然這條暗線要貫穿全文，就必須與各個(gè)論點(diǎn)有一定聯(lián)系。而在串連所有論點(diǎn)的同時(shí)，要避免交叉，就使這個(gè)暗線出于一個(gè)全新的視角。之前筆者從題目用詞的角度發(fā)散思維，再根據(jù)題目提問(wèn)的出發(fā)點(diǎn)將發(fā)散開的思維分成三股收束起來(lái)。從題目本身入手，已無(wú)處再用力，可以使用的視角，只能從個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)和知識(shí)中采鑿-----而這正是獨(dú)立寫作的基本要求：writing based on knowledge and experience
托福備考之寫作素材：家長(zhǎng)影響
Children are prone to observe and follow their parents’ behaviors. For example, a child who sees his/her father exercising regularly will probably be active as an adult. Other positive behaviors demonstrated by parents could affect their children in various ways, including their dressing style, dental hygiene and table manners. On the contrary, children of smokers are more likely to pick up the habit of smoking because of parental modeling and because they have increased access to cigarettes. According to a recent survey conducted by the Kentucky Department for Public Health, a child of an alcoholic parent is four times more likely to become an alcoholic when he/she becomes an adult. In the cases above, the influences of parental modeling should never be underestimated with regards to how these actions affect their children.
托福寫作舉一反三：
?、?affect 影響
=influence, impact
? The children and spouse of a smoker will be adversely affected by the constant smoke in their environment.
?、?underestimate 低估
=underrate
? Children always look to their mother for guidance, and therefore the influence that a mother has over a child could never be underestimated.
? Under no circumstances should we underestimate the importance of helping students obtain a thorough understanding of what has been printed in their textbooks.
? 反義詞：overestimate
-托福寫作話題詞匯-
家族紐帶 family tie
親情 family bond
代溝 generation gap
家庭觀念 family value
核心家庭 nuclear family
父母指導(dǎo) parental guidance
相互理解 mutual understanding
尊重父母 respect one’s parents
托福寫作真題重現(xiàn)：
? Parents learn more from their children than children learn from their parents. (2013.11.9)
? Teachers had a greater influence on young people in the past than they do today. (2012.5.26)
托福寫作思路分析：工人做不同類型的工作
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Workers would be happier if they are doing different types of tasks during their workday than doing the same task.
新托福寫作思路解析：工人做不同類型的工作
I agree
1. Workers will get tired easily if they keep doing the same type of task for a long time.(長(zhǎng)時(shí)間做同樣的工作會(huì)導(dǎo)致效率下降，不同的工作可以轉(zhuǎn)化思維)
2. By doing a variety of tasks a person can develop skills in different areas.(不同的工作會(huì)有不同的要求，從而積累工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，這對(duì)于未來(lái)的職業(yè)發(fā)展有好處)
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