托福閱讀20分20天怎么提高
備考托福遇到時(shí)間緊任務(wù)重的情況怎么辦呢?下面小編跟大家聊聊托福閱讀20分20天怎么提高,希望對(duì)你們有所幫助。
托福閱讀20分20天怎么提高?
1.全文,明確主旨大意
閱讀理解首先是對(duì)文章中心思想的理解。托福閱讀文章大多是議論文,要想快速捕捉文章大意,考生需要特別注意文章的首段和尾段,以及每段話的主題句。在托福閱讀文章中,作者通常在文章的開頭就提出論述的觀點(diǎn),因此,概括主旨大意的主題句往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)在文章的首段。同樣,各個(gè)段落的論點(diǎn)也往往位于該段的段首。掌握了這一規(guī)律,通過快速瀏覽各段,就能很快找出體現(xiàn)全文以及各段大意的關(guān)鍵句。下面我們以O(shè)G-Feeding Habits of East African Herbivores這篇文章為例來看一下。
2.干,做標(biāo)記
通過瀏覽全文,清楚了文章的結(jié)構(gòu),把握了文章的主旨大意后,要學(xué)會(huì)結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)看題干,并劃出題干中的關(guān)鍵詞。
3.關(guān)鍵詞,找出對(duì)應(yīng)句
4.選項(xiàng)看差異,選定正確答案
對(duì)一時(shí)難以確定答案的試題,要認(rèn)真比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng),找出差異,然后仔細(xì)斟酌原文的相關(guān)信息,最終確定最佳選項(xiàng)。對(duì)于糾結(jié)的選項(xiàng),我們可以采用排除法,將原文中沒有提到的、與原文信息不符的或者答非所問的選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行排除,剩下的就是正確答案了。
本文和大家分享的是托福閱讀方法:結(jié)構(gòu)掃描法,大家在以后做托福閱讀題的時(shí)候可以進(jìn)行練習(xí),相信對(duì)于以后的托福閱讀考試一定會(huì)有幫助的。
托福閱讀結(jié)構(gòu)掃描法第一步:花兩三分鐘時(shí)間掃描每篇文章頭一兩個(gè)句子,定位文章難易程度。雖然平均每篇文章做題時(shí)間為11分鐘,因?yàn)橛械奈恼缕甙朔昼姳憧梢暂p松對(duì)付,有的文章則需要15分鐘左右。
一般來說,4篇文章中有2篇難度大一些,比方說:如果最后一篇文章難度盧大,且12-14道題,在這種情況下,按部就班做題就有可能因時(shí)間不夠而做錯(cuò)好幾道題,帶來巨大的損失。因此首先定位文章難程度,同時(shí)目測(cè)文章的含金量(即題量分布),有助于科學(xué)分配閱讀部分的做題時(shí)間。
托福閱讀結(jié)構(gòu)掃描法第二步:采取結(jié)構(gòu)掃描法閱讀具體的一篇文章。所謂結(jié)構(gòu),即文章的骨架子。TOEFL文章是純學(xué)術(shù)體(Academic),是北美國(guó)際留學(xué)生在大學(xué)里天天都能接觸到的教科書風(fēng)格的文章,這些文章涉及人文社科和自然科學(xué),均為議論文、說明文,最顯著的特點(diǎn)是呈板塊結(jié)構(gòu)。
托福閱讀備考之??荚掝}匯總
1. 人:學(xué)術(shù)性的托福閱讀常考的就是各種科學(xué)家,以ist和er結(jié)尾居多。
例如:anthropologist,archaeologist,paleontologist,zoologist,geogrAPher,astronomer
(人類學(xué)家,考古學(xué)家,古生物學(xué)家,動(dòng)物學(xué)家,地理學(xué)家,天文學(xué)家)
這類的詞匯大家無需記住拼寫,只要在閱讀中出現(xiàn)可以辨認(rèn)就足以。在面對(duì)未知的專有名詞時(shí),至少要判斷他們存在于那個(gè)學(xué)科,才好進(jìn)行下一步的推理。
2. 地質(zhì)、地貌:這類文章在托福學(xué)術(shù)閱讀中比重很大。建議大家對(duì)其中的托福閱讀??荚~匯進(jìn)行積累。
例如:volcano,layer,conglomerate,karst,porous,permeable,meteorolite,asteroid
火山,(地)層,礫巖,喀斯特地貌(石灰?guī)r的一種地形),多孔的(有透氣性與透水性),可滲透的,隕石,小行星
3. 氣候、動(dòng)物與生態(tài):與生物和地球有關(guān)的托福閱讀話題是托福閱讀??嫉?。
例如:unpredictable,vary,range
from,extinction,endangered,tropical,jungle,equatorial
不可預(yù)測(cè)的,改變(動(dòng)詞),變化幅度(動(dòng)詞),滅絕,瀕危的,熱帶的,叢林,赤道附近的
4. 歷史、考古,這類托福閱讀話題是托福閱讀??紝?duì)象,也要加以注意。
尤其是歷史文章的考法不是單純的講古,而是從各個(gè)層面切入,有很多的表現(xiàn)形式。可能是古人類的遷徙,那就是人類歷史。貿(mào)易和交通運(yùn)輸?shù)陌l(fā)展,那就是經(jīng)濟(jì)史,等等。
例如,relics,remains,mausoleum,handicraft,cohesiveness,territorial,civilization
遺跡,遺跡或殘骸,陵墓,手工藝品,凝聚性,領(lǐng)土的,文明
托福閱讀備考之代詞的應(yīng)用
1、指代題
例題1:
Paragraph 3: At the upper timberline the trees begin to become twisted and deformed. This is particularly true for trees in the middle and upper latitudes, which tend to attain greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the valleys. This is because middle- and upper- latitude timberlines are strongly influenced by the duration and depth of the snow cover. As the snow is deeper and lasts longer in the valleys, trees tend to attain greater heights on the ridges, even though they are more exposed to high-velocity winds and poor, thin soils there. In the tropics, the valleys appear to be more favorable because they are less prone to dry out, they have less frost, and they have deeper soils.
The word they in the passage refers to
○valleys
○trees
○heights
○ridges
首先,在考察指代題時(shí),代詞“they”在題干中打上陰影,并且原文中代詞“they”也打上了陰影,所以指代題不需要定位。
其次,在解答指代題時(shí),我們只需要看兩句話,一是代詞所在的這句,二是前面一句。以這道題為例,我們這句話是由since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句,主句的主語(yǔ)是trees, 然后trees所在的這句話又接了個(gè)even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,而從句中的主語(yǔ)是代詞,很明顯它指代的就是主句中的主語(yǔ),所以答案是“trees”。所以我們得出了一條規(guī)律:在主從復(fù)合句中,主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是一致的。
例題2:
Paragraph 6: Workers were united in resenting the industrial system and their loss of status, but they were divided by ethnic and racial antagonisms, gender, conflicting religious perspectives, occupational differences, political party loyalties, and disagreements over tactics. For them, the factory and industrialism were not agents of opportunity but reminders of their loss of independence and a measure of control over their lives. As United States society became more specialized and differentiated, greater extremes of wealth began to appear. And as the new markets created fortunes for the few, the factory system lowered the wages of workers by dividing labor into smaller, less skilled tasks.
The word them in the passage refers to
○workers
○political party loyalties
○disagreements over tactics
○agents of opportunity
拿到這道題,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)代詞“them”在這句話的句首,for them對(duì)他們來說,所以這道題的指代在上一句中。我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn),上一句話中出現(xiàn)了大量的名詞短語(yǔ)的并列,而選項(xiàng)中B和C在原文中是以并列形式出現(xiàn)的,表明重要性一致,所以優(yōu)先排除這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng),那么上句話中唯一提到的名詞又在選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的,只有A。
提醒廣大托兒們,當(dāng)兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)在文中是以并列或列舉形式出現(xiàn),那么我們首先先排除這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)。
2、事實(shí)信息題
例題1:
Paragraph 3: The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls, with no backdrops or environmental trappings. Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death of injury, and if that were indeed their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art. Another explanation for the focus on animals might be that these people sought to improve their luck at hunting. This theory is suggested by evidence of chips in the painted figures, perhaps made by spears thrown at the drawings. But if improving their hunting luck was the chief motivation for the paintings, it is difficult to explain why only a few show signs of having been speared. Perhaps the paintings were inspired by the need to increase the supply of animals.
According to paragraph 3, scholars explained chips in the painted figures of animals by proposing that
○Upper Paleolithic artists used marks to record the animals they had seen
○the paintings were inspired by the need to increase the supply of animals for hunting
○the artists had removed rough spots on the cave walls
○Upper Paleolithic people used the paintings to increase their luck at hunting
事實(shí)信息題主要考察的就是準(zhǔn)確定位和同義轉(zhuǎn)換的能力,所以只需要帶著題干中的信息到文章定位,閱讀相關(guān)的一兩句話,找到同義改寫,即能選出答案。但是對(duì)眾多考生來說,準(zhǔn)確定位不難,但是到底我們應(yīng)該閱讀定位信息的什么地方,前面還是后面,亦或是該句本身?
首先,題干中的名詞:chips是解題關(guān)鍵,到文中定位到第七行倒數(shù)第二個(gè)單詞,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這句話的主語(yǔ)是this theory, 所以chips想要提出的理論,應(yīng)該在上句話中。往前看一句,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)該句的主語(yǔ)是another explanation, 很明顯這是段落的分論點(diǎn)二,所以答案就是這一句,畫動(dòng)物的理由是improve their luck at hunting, 選項(xiàng)D最好地表達(dá)了這個(gè)概念。
3、推斷題
推斷題一直都被很多學(xué)生“嫌棄”,因?yàn)樗y了,正確率總是提不上來,要不就是不知道怎么推斷,要不就是過度臆想,反正就是想不通答案的來源。而今天朗閣海外考試研究中心的專家們將從代詞指代的角度幫助大家解決推斷題。
例題1:
Paragraph 1: When it comes to physiology, the leatherback turtle is, in some ways, more like a reptilian whale than a turtle. It swims farther into the cold of the northern and southern oceans than any other sea turtle, and it deals with the chilly waters in a way unique among reptiles.
What can be inferred about whales from paragraph 1?
○They are considered by some to be reptiles.
○Their bodies are built in a way that helps them manage extremely cold temperatures.
○They are distantly related to leatherback turtles.
○They can swim farther than leatherback turtles.
首先:題干中出現(xiàn)“infer”、“imply”和“indicate”表明它是推斷題,顧名思義,推斷題的答案文中沒有明確給出,但是答案一定基于原文,一定是原文的合理推斷,不能妄自聯(lián)想和猜想。我們通過題干中的唯一名詞“whale”定位,發(fā)現(xiàn)它在第二行,我們很快也發(fā)現(xiàn)這句話的主語(yǔ)是:leatherback turtle, whale只是和它有類比關(guān)系,他們很相像,因?yàn)槲闹谐霈F(xiàn)了“the leatherback turtle is more like a reptilian whale.” 緊接著我們看到下一句:it swims farther into the cold of the northern and southern oceans, 這句話中出現(xiàn)代詞it, 很明顯指代的是上句話中:leatherback turtle, 但是turtle和whale是類比關(guān)系,所以turtle能做的事,whale也可以,所以答案和在冰冷的海水中可以游得很遠(yuǎn)有關(guān),所以答案是B。
托福閱讀備考之三種不同做題順序
方法一:順序做題
在這樣的方法中,通常大家都會(huì)用5分鐘左右的時(shí)間閱讀完整篇文章,而將大概的重點(diǎn)都放在文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容的理解中。而剩余的15分鐘時(shí)間,就會(huì)從題目的第一題順序做到最后一題。也就是說,文章應(yīng)對(duì)題目,看了一段題目后,找到相應(yīng)要解決掉的題目。這樣的方法相信是大部分備考學(xué)生都會(huì)采用到的。其優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于,可以讓大家對(duì)于整題的文章有了一定的把握,同時(shí),容易理解文章的細(xì)節(jié)信息,建立閱讀的自信。當(dāng)然,其中的確定就是,很難控制好答題的時(shí)間,另外在做最后一題時(shí)候,往往會(huì)需要我們?cè)谥匦麻喿x一下整篇文章。
方法二:最后一題優(yōu)先
而針對(duì)以上這樣的問題,很多同學(xué)也曾經(jīng)考慮過改變順序從而應(yīng)對(duì)答題時(shí)間的問題。也就是是說,在閱讀完整篇文章之后,先做最后一到小結(jié)題,然后再?gòu)牡谝活}做到倒數(shù)第二題。當(dāng)然,這樣方法有著一定的好處,因?yàn)樵趧倓傞喿x結(jié)束后對(duì)于整篇文章有著比較深的印象,在完成最后一題是能有比較高的準(zhǔn)確率。但如果在這道題中稍稍耽擱了一會(huì)兒,也將會(huì)之后解題帶來很大的時(shí)間壓力。
方法三:先題后文
用題目還原到文章這樣的解題,目前也是被大家逐漸推崇的一種不錯(cuò)的答題方法。也就是說,我們可以花上15分鐘做第一題。然后,先題后文,讀題目根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到段落中某段話。然后,進(jìn)行這句話和選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容的比對(duì),找到最終的答案。而最后的5分鐘,我們就可以留給最后一題了。這樣的方法不僅可以保證在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成答題,同時(shí),也可以保證絕大多數(shù)題目的準(zhǔn)確率。但是,想要使用這種方法,我們就必須有著很好的答題技巧,必須對(duì)于各個(gè)題型的解題方法和流程非常嫻熟,否則只能增加自己解題的心理負(fù)擔(dān)。
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