英文冒號(hào)有哪些用法呢
英文寫作中，我們會(huì)經(jīng)常用到冒號(hào)，但不是每個(gè)人都清楚地知道冒號(hào)的用法。下面，小編在這給大家?guī)碛⑽拿疤?hào)有哪些用法呢?歡迎大家借鑒參考!
冒號(hào)用法大總結(jié)
Colons 冒號(hào)(：)在中文或英文里都是一個(gè)相當(dāng)常見的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，在用法上也大致一樣。但首先注意：
冒號(hào)前不可有空格
冒號(hào)后可加一空格
冒號(hào)后千萬不要加-(如 :-)
大家先來看看下面的例子，你以為句子中的冒號(hào)用法對嗎?
For our camping trip, I brought: a lantern, a sleeping bag, food, water, and a flashlight.
如果你的答案是對，那你就錯(cuò)了!這是一個(gè)常見的冒號(hào)用法上的錯(cuò)誤。正確的用法，看 下去就會(huì)明白了。這里且讓我們從最簡單的用法開始吧。
1 冒號(hào)用在公函上收信人的稱呼
Dear Sir: (你看，冒號(hào)前沒有任何空格喔)
We were very honored to have you come visit our company.
2 冒號(hào)用于分開標(biāo)題和副標(biāo)題(當(dāng)一標(biāo)題需要進(jìn)一步說明時(shí)所加上的副標(biāo)題)
1. Math Applications: Using Calculus to Determine the Age of Rocks (標(biāo)題Math Applications和副標(biāo)題Using Calculus to Determine the Age of Rocks之間以冒號(hào)隔開)
2. I recommend Chinnery’s book Oak Furniture: the British Tradition. (Oak Furniture是書名，the British Tradition是副標(biāo)題)
3 冒號(hào)必須加在完整句子或獨(dú)立子句之后
最常見的冒號(hào)用法上的錯(cuò)誤就是將冒號(hào)放在完整句或獨(dú)立子句的中間。看看下面的例子：Every repairman must have: a screwdriver, a hammer, and a saw.
其中Every repairman must have是不是有完整的意思呢?顯然意思并不完整。因此句子中的冒號(hào)是多馀的。如果要用冒號(hào)的話，上面句子應(yīng)該寫成下面的樣子：
There are three things every repairman must have: a screwdriver, a hammer, and a saw.
看看冒號(hào)前There are three things every repairman must have，它是不是有完整的意思呢?“每一位修理員必備三樣?xùn)|西”可見意思是完整的，雖然你還會(huì)問是哪三樣?xùn)|西呢?因此冒號(hào)后面就列出那三樣?xùn)|西了。
現(xiàn)在我們知道在冒號(hào)前必須是的完整意思的句子或子句，跟冒號(hào)后的可不一定是個(gè)句子或子句。它可能是一個(gè)列表，甚至可能只是一個(gè)單詞。因此前面舉的那個(gè)例子錯(cuò)在哪里也就明白了吧。
下面給出它的正誤句：
錯(cuò)誤句：For our camping trip, I brought: a lantern, a sleeping bag, food, water, and a flashlight.
正確句：For our camping trip, I brought various essential items: a lantern, a sleeping bag, food, water, and a flashlight.
3.1 舉例
1. Africa is facing a terrifying problem: perpetual drought(持續(xù)干旱). (冒號(hào)后說明非洲所面對的困境)
2. The situation is clear: if you have unprotected sex with a stranger, you risk AIDS. (說明你的處境是什么)
3. She was sure of one thing: she was not going to be a housewife. (說明她肯定的是什么事)
4. We found the place easily: your directions were perfect. (說明為什么那么容易找到那個(gè)地方)
5. Several friends have provided me with inspiration: Tim, Ian, and above all, Larry. (說明是哪幾個(gè)朋友)
3.2 反過來也行
Saussure, Sapir, Bloomfield, Chomsky: all these have revolutionized linguistics in one way or another.
4 冒號(hào)用于注明引用圣經(jīng)的章節(jié)
The story of Menahem is found in II Kings 15:1422.
5 冒號(hào)用于表示比例
1. Among students of French, women outnumber men by more than 4:1. (4:1=4比1. 用文字說就是by more than four to one)
6 冒號(hào)用于表示時(shí)間(美國式)
1. 2:15 (兩點(diǎn)十五分) (英國式 2.15)
2. 11:30 (A) (上午十一點(diǎn)三十分) (英國式 11.30 am)
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