口譯考試閱讀理解答題技巧
在答閱讀部分試題時(shí)，詞匯量的多少到底重不重要?這個(gè)問(wèn)題始終爭(zhēng)議很大。接下來(lái)，小編給大家準(zhǔn)備了口譯考試閱讀理解答題技巧,歡迎大家參考與借鑒。
口譯考試閱讀理解答題技巧
對(duì)策①：通過(guò)確定該生詞在上下文中是positive抑或negative來(lái)進(jìn)行判斷。
例一：
23. The word "gimmicks" in this passage is closest in meaning to ________.
(A) services (B) extras (C) tricks (D) games
請(qǐng)看原文：
So how can you make the most of your new power as a consumer? Here are rules to help you find your way.
1 Never pay list price.
2 Refuse gimmicks.
As competition heats up and pushes prices down, businesses scramble to boost their profits by heaping on extras: rustproofing your car, service contracts on your appliances, prepaid gasoline for your rental car. These gimmicks are devised to make you pay more at the last minute and probably aren't a good deal.
3 Don't buy on impulse.
4 Say no to platinum prices.
5 Switch-or threaten to.
以上是原文的大體框架，從加下劃線的第一句我們可以看出，在這篇文章中作者將給消費(fèi)者提出建議，希望消費(fèi)者能夠避免上狡猾商家的當(dāng)而多掏腰包。作者希望消費(fèi)者能做到這5點(diǎn)，所以可以判斷出第2點(diǎn)中緊跟refuse的詞應(yīng)該是貶義的或者說(shuō)負(fù)面的。我們直譯一下陰影部分的內(nèi)容：(商家)設(shè)計(jì)這些gimmicks是為了讓你(消費(fèi)者)在最后一刻多掏腰包，恐怕可不是什么讓你占便宜的啊。再看四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中A,B和D都無(wú)貶義，只有C表示“花招，伎倆”之意，故正確答案為C。
看來(lái)不必非要知其意才能答對(duì)題，開(kāi)動(dòng)你的腦筋，通過(guò)判斷詞的褒貶義也可攻破難關(guān)。順便說(shuō)一下，如果題目問(wèn)第4點(diǎn)中platinum prices為何意，應(yīng)該也很好突破，“say no to"后面肯定不是什么好東西，這種價(jià)格站在消費(fèi)者的角度來(lái)說(shuō)肯定是天價(jià)。所以即使你不知道platinum(鉑金，一種貴重金屬, 由其制成的首飾上往往有Pt標(biāo)志也即platinum的縮寫(xiě))為何意恐怕也能猜出三分吧。
例二：
21. The word "hindrance" in line 2 is closest in meaning to _______.
(A) encouragement (B) assistance (C) procedure (D) interference
請(qǐng)看原文：
Experiments have shown that in selecting personnel for a job, interviewing is at best a hindrance, and may even cause harm.
盡管"hindrance"這個(gè)詞對(duì)大多數(shù)考生而言并不是什么生詞，但從答題技巧來(lái)說(shuō)我們同樣可以通過(guò)正面/負(fù)面的方法解題。原句中even cause harm說(shuō)明進(jìn)行面試會(huì)造成不利影響，所以hindrance一詞肯定是負(fù)面的。回到選項(xiàng)中A,B都是positive, 而C. procedure(程序，手續(xù))則是中性的，所以只有D.interference (干擾、干涉)為負(fù)面意義，故答案為D.
例三：
8. The word "jeopardize" (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to __________.
(A) endeavor (B) endanger (C) endorse (D)endow
請(qǐng)看原文：
What could be disastrous, however, is that we should press too quickly towards this goal, sacrificing sleep only to gain more time in which to jeopardize our civilization by actions and decisions made weak by fatigue.
出題者想通過(guò)形似的單詞(四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是end開(kāi)頭)給考生制造模糊印象，其實(shí)我們大可不必驚慌。從上下文來(lái)看，"jeopardize"肯定是動(dòng)詞，因此四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中應(yīng)該選相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞替換。恰巧選項(xiàng)都是動(dòng)詞，因而增加了答題難度。讓我們?cè)俜治鲆幌律舷挛摹Ｕ?qǐng)注意原文中這幾個(gè)詞：disastrous, too quickly, sacrificing sleep only to gain和weak, fatigue, 我們是否可以看出作者的態(tài)度是反對(duì)sacrifice sleep的呢?既然如此，通過(guò)犧牲睡眠而獲得時(shí)間似乎也不是什么好事，因?yàn)樵谏眢w疲倦的狀況下做出的決策和行動(dòng)往往會(huì)欠妥，從而對(duì)文明的發(fā)展不利，所以jeopardize our civilization肯定是對(duì)文明造成負(fù)面影響的。A.endeavor大家應(yīng)該不陌生，表努力，盡力之意。C.endorse表示write one's name on the back of a check, 即背書(shū)，由此引申出認(rèn)可，贊同之意。當(dāng)然，如果說(shuō)Your driving licence has been endorsed.那你的駕照可就有違規(guī)記錄，你得當(dāng)心嘍!而D表示捐贈(zèng)金錢(qián)、財(cái)產(chǎn)等，發(fā)善心做善事?？磥?lái)只有B. endanger (使處于危險(xiǎn)中)才有負(fù)面之意，也才合題意。
對(duì)策②：通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法，觀察單詞的前綴、后綴及詞根等構(gòu)成進(jìn)行判斷。
例一：2000年9月試題第16題：
16. The word "anthropologist" (line 1) means someone who _______.
(A) studies the nature of man (B) arranges wedding ceremonies (C) keeps account for newly weds
(D) records local events
請(qǐng)看原文：
An anthropologist recorded the expenses for ceremonies he attended in a village in Thailand. The following chart provides information on the bahts (Thai currency) spent for a wedding.
這個(gè)單詞乍一看挺嚇人，又臭又長(zhǎng)。其實(shí)定睛一看并不是不可的。也許知道anthrop(o)這個(gè)前綴是跟“man"(人，人類)有關(guān)的同學(xué)不是太多，從而對(duì)由此衍生出的單詞不認(rèn)識(shí)也就不足為怪了，如：anthropoid a.(猿)似人的，類人猿的;anthropology n. 人類學(xué);anthropophagous a. 吃人的，食人肉的(《參考消息》最近還報(bào)道了科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)歷史上人吃人的確鑿證據(jù)，令人毛骨悚然!);philanthropist n.慈善家(phil愛(ài)，anthrop 人，愛(ài)天下之人，具有博愛(ài)情懷的人難道不是慈善家么?)但是，我們初中就學(xué)過(guò)，scientist, biologist, 我們是否可以聯(lián)想一下原文中"anthropologist"這個(gè)詞類似于biologist，是與研究某學(xué)科有關(guān)的人。答案A. studies the nature of man似乎最合意。
例二：
23. The word "xenophobia" (para.2) means "__________".
(A) partiality (B) arbitrariness (C) discrimination (D) antipathy
請(qǐng)看原文：
The Campaign Against Racism and Fascism (CARF), a London based group, tells me tha
對(duì)策③：不拘泥于詞或短語(yǔ)的本義，而從其引申義來(lái)考慮。
例一：
23. The phrase "take off (paragraph 4) means _________.
(A) transfer to another vessel (B) cause to lose weight
(C) begin to develop markedly (D) cause to leave the ground
請(qǐng)看原文：
Over here, in Britain, Computertowns have taken off in a big way, and there are now about 40 scattered over the country. David Tebbutt thinks they are most successful when tied to a computer club.
take off本義為(飛機(jī))起飛或物體離開(kāi)地面，選項(xiàng)D即為take off的本義，但是把D帶到原文中解釋不通，可見(jiàn)，出題者并不是想考我們take off的本義，而是在文中的引申義。請(qǐng)注意原文中緊跟take off的方式狀語(yǔ)in a big way，后面指出已有約40個(gè)之多的Computertown散布在全國(guó)各地，后面successful一詞進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明Computertown是朝著positive方向發(fā)展的, 所以答案明顯為表示快速發(fā)展的C。
例二：
11. The word "wasteland" (para.1) is used to describe ________.
(A) western badlands (B) average television programs
(C) TV film studios (D) theatrical plays
請(qǐng)看原文：
When the television is good, nothing-not the theatre, not the magazines, or newspapers-nothing is better. But when television is bad, nothing is worse. I invite you to sit down in front of your television set when your station goes on the air and stay there without a book, magazine, newspaper, or anything else to distract you and keep your eyes glued to that set until the station signs off. I can assure you that you will observe a vast wasteland. You will see a procession of game shows, violence, audience-participation shows, formula comedies about totally unbelievable families, blood and thunder, mayhem, more violence, sadism, murder, Western badmen, Western goodmen, private eyes, gangster, still more violence, and cartoons. And endlessly, commercials that scream and cajole and offend. And most of all, boredom. True, you will see a few things you will enjoy. But they will be very, very few. And if you think I exaggerate, try it.
wasteland本義為land that is desolate, barren, or ravaged,即荒地，廢地。A中badland即為wasteland的本義，帶到原文中等于同義替代，并沒(méi)有作出解釋，顯然不是出題者的意圖所在。而從wasteland后面的內(nèi)容可以看出電視節(jié)目中充斥著暴力、血腥、謀殺、俗套的喜劇種.種格調(diào)不高的內(nèi)容，總之無(wú)聊透頂，所以答案不言自明，選B。
作者采用了metaphor(暗喻)的手法，對(duì)令人失望的電視節(jié)目大加諷刺，從另一個(gè)側(cè)面反映了西方社會(huì)精神食糧的匱乏和作者在看似調(diào)侃的語(yǔ)調(diào)中對(duì)電視文化流露出的失望和憤慨。順便賞析一下陰影部分，難道你不覺(jué)得作者這樣寫(xiě)很風(fēng)趣幽默嗎?我們是否在寫(xiě)作時(shí)也可模仿一下，比如：When money is good, nothing is better. But when money is bad, nothing is worse. If you thank I exaggerate, try it. 你覺(jué)得如何呢?
對(duì)策④：解釋法。
例：
29. Breeding the hybrid offspring to fix desirable traits is called _________.
(A) naturally selecting (B) inbreeding
(C) pedigree breeding (D) pure-breeding
30. A farmer imported several fine long wool Tomney sheep from Australia to breed with his Debouittet sheep in hopes of increasing the value of the flock's wool. This is an example of _________.
(A) pure-breeding (B) crossbreeding
(C) reproducing (D) cloning
請(qǐng)看原文：
Individual specimens with the desired traits are crossbred. The hybrid offspring are then inbred to preserve and fix the desirable characteristics and eliminate unfavorable characteristics from the stock.
29題基本是對(duì)原文中inbred(原形inbreed，表近親交配，同系繁殖)的釋義，采用直接下定義法。關(guān)鍵是文中此句The hybrid offspring are then inbred to preserve and fix the desirable characteristics與題干吻合，故答案為B。
30題通過(guò)具體例子旨在考查考生對(duì)文中提到的幾個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)是否理解，當(dāng)然并非從專業(yè)角度，而是從英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法的角度來(lái)考查的。某農(nóng)民進(jìn)口優(yōu)質(zhì)長(zhǎng)毛羊的目的最終是為了增加收入，這也印證了文中的一句話：The traits usually are selected for convenience, pleasure, or financial gain of individuals.而進(jìn)口羊同農(nóng)民家另一品種羊交配從而fix the desirable characteristics的過(guò)程當(dāng)然叫做crossbreed了。從構(gòu)詞法來(lái)看，pure-breed應(yīng)該是純種繁殖之意，而crossbreed由于cross有交叉之意，故為雜交繁殖，而reproduce前綴re=again, 應(yīng)為復(fù)制，再生之意，而clone則是近幾年來(lái)高科技發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物，意即無(wú)性繁殖，通常音譯為“克隆”。所以30題答案應(yīng)為B。
對(duì)策⑤：大膽跳過(guò)。事實(shí)上，大多數(shù)生詞并不影響你對(duì)整篇文章意思的理解。
例一：The deathwatch beetle is thought of as the devil's pest in churches and old houses, but in natural habitats it infests a wide range of decaying hardwoods. It has been found in hornbeam, sweet chestnut, hawthorn, beech, ash, blackpoplar, elm, larch, spruce and yew, but the two most commonly infested species in Britain are oak and willow.
首先，如果讀者不是學(xué)昆蟲(chóng)學(xué)的話，恐怕很難描述出這種deathwatch beetle是什么樣子，但至少我們知道它是一種甲蟲(chóng)，而且我們通過(guò)原文還知道它生活在教堂建筑物，老房子或者枯朽的硬木上，此外還可以在種.種植物上找到它，至于這些植物(劃線部分)具體叫什么名字我們根本可以不去追究，完全可以大膽跳過(guò)。那么請(qǐng)思考：出題者可能考我們什么呢?是不是很有可能考我們方框里的內(nèi)容呢?
例二：
School phobia is distinguished from other common childhood and adolescent psychological and emotional disorders by the patient's reaction to, and fear of, the idea of going to school. Typically, it begins with fever, sweating, headaches, and diarrhea; it often progresses to complete physical inertia, depression, and even autism.
文章對(duì)school phobia進(jìn)行了釋義，然后列舉了種.種“癥狀”表現(xiàn)。其實(shí)當(dāng)我們看到headaches時(shí)，后面的內(nèi)容可以快速瀏覽過(guò)去，不必在意是否認(rèn)識(shí)其中的醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)，總之我們知道敘述的是具有厭學(xué)情緒孩子的種.種表現(xiàn)，完全可以大膽跳過(guò)。
例三：
NEW YORK-Pythagoras had his theorems, Einstein his theories and Murphy his laws. I have developed the maxim of inverse reciprocals.
如果你不知道Pythagoras 和Murphy是誰(shuí)，但是你肯定知道Einstein和他著名的相對(duì)論。由此可以推斷Pythagoras 和Murphy也是兩名科學(xué)家。實(shí)際上，前者為畢達(dá)哥拉斯，古希臘哲學(xué)家、數(shù)學(xué)家，后者為墨菲，美國(guó)法學(xué)家。而且theorem(數(shù)學(xué))定理，法則，maxim(格言，座右銘)和 law也是跟theory近似的含義。
可見(jiàn)，在做閱讀理解時(shí)并不是每個(gè)單詞我們都要理解才能看懂文章，關(guān)鍵是把握信息點(diǎn)，即作者想要傳達(dá)的主要思想，同時(shí)我們也要摸清出題者的意圖，并不是要當(dāng)我們成為某個(gè)領(lǐng)域的專家之后才能讀懂文章，專業(yè)問(wèn)題，而是充分利用已有的對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的把握和生活常識(shí)來(lái)答題?，F(xiàn)在你還用為詞匯障礙痛苦嗎?
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