直接引語與間接引語
大家的英語語法怎么樣呢?小編接下來會跟大家介紹一些這個(gè)英語語法，接下來，小編給大家準(zhǔn)備了直接引語與間接引語,歡迎大家參考與借鑒。
直接引語與間接引語
定義：
直接引語：直接引用別人的原話，并在原話前后加引號。
例：He said1:" It is too late."
間接引語：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，多數(shù)以賓語從句的形式構(gòu)成。
例：He said it was2 too late.
直接引語與間接引語相互轉(zhuǎn)化時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問題
第一：人稱的變化。
主語為第一人稱的直接引語，變間接引語時(shí)，人稱要做相應(yīng)調(diào)整。
例如：
直接引語 She said:" I am hungry."
間接引語 She said she was hungry.
直接引語 Mum said to me:" You must clean your bedroom by yourself3."
間接引語 Mum told me that I had4 to clean my bedroom by myself5.
第二：時(shí)態(tài)變化
直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，間接引語的時(shí)態(tài)要與主句的時(shí)態(tài)一致。其規(guī)律如下圖。
注意：
1.直接引語為客觀真理時(shí)，間接引語時(shí)態(tài)不變，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
例如：Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the earth6."
Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.
2.直接引語為一般過去時(shí)并且與具體時(shí)間狀語連用時(shí)，間接引語仍用一般過去時(shí)。
例如：She said:" I went to England in 1998."
She said she went to England in 1998.
3.主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)的時(shí)候，間接引語時(shí)態(tài)不變。
He says:" I bought you a book yesterday."
He says that he bought me a book yesterday.
第三：指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和動(dòng)詞的變化。
第四：句式上的變化
1.陳述句變間接引語時(shí)，用that連接。
如：She said:" I am a girl."
She said that she was a girl. (that可以省略)
2.一般疑問句，選擇疑問句和反意疑問句變間接引語時(shí)，要用陳述語氣，并要加連詞if或whether。
例如：She asked me:" Are you Mr. Li?"
She asked me if I was Mr. Li.
She asked us:" Do you want to go on a picnic?"
She asked us if we wanted to go on a picnic.
3.特殊疑問句變間接引語要用特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)。
例如："How much have we spent on petrol7 this year," Susan asked her husband8.
Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year.
4.祈使句變間接引語，一改二變?nèi)铀娜ァ?/p>
一改：said (to) 改為asked或told, ordered等
二變：said to 的賓語或呼語變?yōu)閍sked等的賓語
三加：即在動(dòng)詞原形前加to，使成為動(dòng)詞不定式
四去：去掉please
例：He said to her:" Don't take the book away."
He asked her not take the book away.
5.感嘆句變?yōu)殚g接引語
"What awful9 weather it is!" she said.
She complained10 about the awful weather.
"What a bright girl you are." He said to me.
He praised11 me that I was a bright girl.
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直接引語與間接引語
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