動(dòng)詞不定式的用法總結(jié)
動(dòng)詞不定式(to do)是英語課的一個(gè)重點(diǎn),也是很多考試中要考查的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目。你知道動(dòng)詞不定式的用法有哪些嗎?接下來,小編給大家準(zhǔn)備了動(dòng)詞不定式的用法總結(jié),歡迎大家參考與借鑒。
動(dòng)詞不定式屬于非謂語動(dòng)詞的一種形式,很多同學(xué)經(jīng)常把它和謂語動(dòng)詞混在一起,掌握起來有困難。下面我們對(duì)動(dòng)詞不定式的用法做簡(jiǎn)單歸納,幫助同學(xué)們記憶:
一、動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中不能充當(dāng)謂語,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。
二、動(dòng)詞不定式是由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成(有時(shí)可以不帶to)。動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是“not+動(dòng)詞不定式”(not不與助動(dòng)詞連用)。
三、動(dòng)詞不定式短語具有名詞、形容詞和副詞等的功能,可在句中用做多種句子成分。
1、主語:常置于句末,而用it代替其做形式主語。例:
To go in for sports helps you
stay fit.(book4,L28)
It helps you stay fit to go in for sports. It is dangerous to swim in the deep sea on your own.
注:此句式中不定式邏輯上的主語可由for或of引出,邏輯主語由of引出時(shí),表語的形容詞為kind,nice,good,polite,clever,foolish,right,wrong等表示評(píng)價(jià)的形容詞。
例:It's right of him to refuse the invitation1.(him為邏輯主語)
2、表語:Our duty is to protect the enviroment.
3、動(dòng)詞賓語:此種情況可按固定搭配或句式去記。
例:would you like to see my photos?
Kevin planned to visit his uncle.(book4,L11)
和plan用法一樣的詞還有:start,want,agree,hope,begin,decide等。
I found it very difficult to get a job.(it為形式賓語)
4、賓語補(bǔ)足語:
(1)在多數(shù)復(fù)合賓語及物動(dòng)詞后要帶to。
例:I asked a friend to read it to me.(book4,L2)
(2)在表示感覺、致使等意義的動(dòng)詞(see,watch,hear,feel,notice,observe,make,let,have,help等)后不帶to。
例:They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room.
5、定語:動(dòng)詞不定式做定語放在所修飾的名詞的后面。
例:Vinny is the first disabled2 person to sail3 around the world.(book4,L1)
6、形容詞補(bǔ)足語:在表示心理、感情、評(píng)價(jià)等的形容詞后,對(duì)其進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。
例:Weareverygladtomeetyouagain.
7、狀語:表示目的、原因、程度等。
例:They brought in photos of their families for me to look at.(book4,L2)
8、“疑問詞+不定式”用法:不定式前可帶what,who,which,where,when,how等疑問詞,這種不定式短語在句中多用做賓語。
例:He didn't tell me where to go.
9、在初中階段還涉及到“不定式被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式(tobe+過去分詞)”。
例:There are twenty more trees to be planted.
A. 's用在單數(shù)名詞以及不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之后:
a man's job 男人的活兒
the people's choice 人民的選擇
men's work 男人的工作
the crew's quarters 船員的艙房
a woman's intuition 女子的直覺
the horse's mouth 馬嘴
the butcher's(shop) 肉店
the bull's horns 公牛角
the child's voice 孩子的聲音
women's clothes 婦女的服裝
the children's room 孩子們的房間
Russia's exports 俄國(guó)的出口
B .省字撇(')用于以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之后:
a girls' school 一所女子學(xué)校
the students' hostel1 學(xué)生招待所
the eagles' nest 鷹巢
the Smiths' car 史密斯家的小汽車
C. 以s結(jié)尾的古希臘或羅馬的姓名之后通常也只加省字撇('):
Pythagoras' Theorem 畢達(dá)哥拉斯定理
Archimedes' Law 阿基米德原理
Sophocles' plays 索??死账沟膽騽?/p>
D. 以s結(jié)尾的其他姓氏之后可以用's或單獨(dú)使用省字撇('):
Mr Jones's/Mr Jones' house瓊斯先生的房子
Yeats's/Yeats'poems葉芝的詩(shī)
E. 復(fù)合名詞是在最后一個(gè)詞之后加's以構(gòu)成其所有格形式:
my brother-in-law's guitar我姐 /妹夫的吉他
由幾個(gè)詞組成的名字可同樣處理:
Henry the Eighth's wives亨利八世的妻子們
the Prince of Wales's helicopter威爾士王儲(chǔ)的直升機(jī)
's也可用在首字母縮寫詞之后:
the PM's(Prime Minister's) secretary首相的秘書
the MP's(Member of Parliament's) briefcase議員的公事包
the VIP's(Very Important Person's) escort要人的護(hù)送(摩托)隊(duì)
注意:使用所有格形式時(shí),“被擁有的”人或物之前的定冠詞就不用了:
the daughter of the politician=the politician's daughter這位政治家的女兒
the intervention of America=America's intervention美國(guó)的干預(yù)
the plays of Shakespeare=Shakespeare's plays莎士比亞的戲劇
1.It's time to do sth./It's time for sth 該做某事的時(shí)候了
eg:Now it's time to sing alone. 現(xiàn)在是獨(dú)自唱下去的時(shí)候了。
2.can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待要做某事
eg:We can't wait to have a try. 我們等不及想要常試一下了。
3.Ask/tell sb. (not ) to do sth. 要求/告訴某人(不)做某事
eg:Did I not tell you to help robbery/homicide? 難道我沒有告訴你要去協(xié)助調(diào)查搶劫謀殺案么?
4.Allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事
eg:As long as I am alive, I'll not allow you to do that.
只要我活著就不允許你做那件事。
5.Be supposed to do sth. 應(yīng)該做某事
eg:I did everything right, everything I was supposed to do.
我做的一切都是正確的,我做了一切我該做的事。
6.Would like/want (sb.) to do sth. 想要做某事
eg:I would like some coffee. 我想要一點(diǎn)兒咖啡。
7.Have sth/nothing to do 與……有關(guān)/與……無關(guān)
eg:This thing has nothing to do with you. 這事和你一點(diǎn)關(guān)系也沒有。
8.find it +adj. to do sth. 發(fā)覺做某事……
eg:I find it difficult to live with him. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)跟他生活在一起是很困難的。
9.Prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 寧愿做某事,而不愿做某事
eg:I prefer to do hard work rather than do nothing at home.
我寧愿干重活而不愿在家無所事事。
10.It's +adj. for sb. to do sth. 做某事對(duì)某人來說……
eg:It's difficult for women to get jobs in high position.
對(duì)婦女來說得到一個(gè)高職位的工作是很難的。
11.It's better/best to do sth. 最好做某事
eg:Generally, it's better to apply filler materials in thin layers.
一般來說,最好適用于薄層填充材料。
12.It takes sb/sth. to do sth. 某人做某事用了一些時(shí)間
eg:It takes some time to cultivate a new friendship. 建立一段新的友誼需要一段時(shí)間。
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