2014商務(wù)英語(yǔ)考試高級(jí)閱讀試題匯總
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2014商務(wù)英語(yǔ)考試高級(jí)閱讀試題1
In the last few years, managers throughout industry have seen more changes than many of them could have expected to see in their entire working lives having to communicate information which often leads to feelings of insecurity has become a key activity. From being regarded as relatively unimportant in many companies , management employee communication has become a central corporate need.
Concordia International provides a good example of a company that has adjusted well to the changing needs for communication . since 1995 , Concordia has been turned inside-out and upside-down, to ensure that it is a marketing –led, customer-responsive business, one that looks outwards at customers and competitors, rather than inwards at its own processes and the way things were done in the past. In the last eight years, Concordia has reduced its workforce by more than 80.000 people - or 35% -on a voluntary basis, with further downsizing anticipated.
From being an engineering company, Concordia is now remaking itself as a service company. The role of employee communication in such a context is to build people’s self-confidence, to persuade them that, although it is inevitable that the changes will go ahead, they also bring with them new opportunities for employees. However, this is not an easy task. People tend to be skeptical of these claims and to feel that they are losing touch with the company they have worked for over many years. This is understandable, since many of the old certainties are being swept away , including the core activities of the company they work for. Above all , they have had to face up to the fact that they no longer have a job for life.
Research indicates that people respond to this predicament in a variety of ways. The bulk of employees fall into two main categories in terms of their response to the new situation: on the one hand there are the “ pragmatists” and on the other “ the highly anxious” the former see their job as a means to an end and have a relatively short-term perspective, with strong loyalty to their local term , rather than the company as a whole . The second category, usually the majority, may respond to threatened changes with a feeling of having been let down, and even feel anger at the company for what they see as changing the terms of their employment.
` The employee communication process needs to be capable of accurately directing its messages at a variety of employee groups and departments within the workforce . this is why middle managers and line managers are so key to communication. They are the people who know about the full rage of concerns among the workforce. The problem in the past was that this crucial area was often the responsibility of a separate, relatively isolated unit. Concordia puts responsibility for communication firmly on line managers. All their research points to the same conclusion: people prefer to get their information face-to-face from their line managers. That is the key relationship and where arguments and hearts and minds –are lost.
The general rule in company communication is to tell employees as much as you can as soon as you can. If you can’t provide details, then at least put the news in context and commit yourself to providing greater detail when it becomes available another rule of company communication is that there must be a fit between what the company is telling its employees and what it is telling its shareholders.15 In the last eight years, Concordia has
15A made over 80.000 employees reduncdant
B completed a period of downsizing
C reduced its workforce of 80.000 by 35%
D given 35% of departing employees voluntary redundancy
16 From Concordia’s point of view, the role of communication is to
A win employee support before going ahead with the changes
B change the company’s core activities.
C emphasise the positive aspects of the changes
D explain the need for the changes
17 what does research show about most employees’ response to change?
A they expect it to have a bad effect on the company
B they feel completely powerless
C they become less loyal
D they fell they have been treated unfairly
18 Concordia’s communication process mainly relies on
A printed communication
B departmental heads
C personal communication
D a separate, specialized unit
19 According to the writer, what is the guiding principle about giving information within an organization?
A Never make promises about future developments
B Give people an overall view at the earliest possible stage
C always include plenty of hard information
D Hold back until all the details can be provided
20 which of the following would be the most suitable title for the article?
A employee attitudes to company communication
B making company communication more effective
C Researching company commmucation
D Making employees feel less powerless
文章取材自一本管理手冊(cè)，說的是一個(gè)組織里的有效溝通問題。這套題目有些特別，不像之前的閱讀的第三部分，六道題目分別依次對(duì)應(yīng)文章的六個(gè)段落，這題的答案稍微分散了些。
15題，答案很明顯，但是選項(xiàng)很有迷惑性。答案是第二段的最后一句：In the last eight years, Concordia has reduced its workforce by more than 80.000 people - or 35% -on a voluntary basis, with further downsizing anticipated.減少了80000員工(或者說減少了35%的員工)，預(yù)期還會(huì)減少更多。A選項(xiàng)是對(duì)的，made redundant是前面某套題目閱讀的第五部分考過的詞組;B不對(duì)，沒有完成(completed)，因?yàn)轭A(yù)期還會(huì)裁減更多(with further downsizing anticipated);C也不對(duì)，迷惑性最大，reduced its workforce of 80.000，用了介詞of，所以這句的意思是一共就80000員工，而實(shí)際情況是減少了80000員工;D不對(duì)，35%的員工被裁減，都是在自愿的基礎(chǔ)上的，而不是離開的人中有35%是自愿的。
16題，問根據(jù)此人的觀點(diǎn)，溝通的角色是什么。也就是問溝通的目的或者作用是什么。答案在第三段。溝通是為了幫助人樹立自信，說服他們雖然要面臨一些變化，但是同樣也會(huì)擁有一些新的機(jī)會(huì)。說白了，就是鼓勵(lì)這些被裁的人。答案選C，強(qiáng)調(diào)變化的積極方面。這里的positive aspects是對(duì)前面說的bring with them new opportunities的一個(gè)概括。(想起了電影《在云端》，up in the air，里面那個(gè)老男人的工作就是職業(yè)裁員專家，專門對(duì)被裁的人說些這樣的話。)
17題，問調(diào)查顯示大多數(shù)人對(duì)change的反應(yīng)是什么。這題在答案中也很明顯，但是選項(xiàng)很糾結(jié)。都有點(diǎn)似是而非。The second category, usually the majority, may respond to threatened changes with a feeling of having been let down.,and even feel anger at the company for what they see as changing the terms of their employment.大多數(shù)員工的反應(yīng)就是很失望，甚至?xí)軕嵟€(gè)人覺得這題出的不夠嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，沒有哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)能嚴(yán)格從原文中提煉出來。對(duì)比下D要好點(diǎn)，因?yàn)閷?duì)公司失望和憤怒，就是覺得受到了不公正的待遇。此題有待高手補(bǔ)充更完美的理由。
18題，問溝通過程主要依賴于什么。答案是第五段的這句：people prefer to get their information face-to-face from their line managers。喜歡面對(duì)面的從直屬經(jīng)理那里獲取信息。所以選C，個(gè)人的交流。
19題，問組織內(nèi)部提供信息的指導(dǎo)準(zhǔn)則是什么。最后一段的第一句就是：The general rule in company communication is to tell employees as much as you can as soon as you can。盡可能的快，盡可能的多。不能提供細(xì)節(jié)的，至少給個(gè)大致的背景消息(put the news in context)。時(shí)機(jī)成熟了，再告知更多。選B：在可能的最早的階段讓人有個(gè)總體的印象。
20題，給文章選標(biāo)題。這種題在BEC的閱讀里還真不多見。選標(biāo)題，就是要挑選文章的最主要意思，從整體上把握文章的main ideas。這篇文章通篇說的就是communication，前面介紹了溝通的背景：裁員;接著說了員工對(duì)裁員的反應(yīng);然后最后兩段，一段說員工喜歡什么樣的溝通方式，一段說溝通的原則是什么。綜合起來，就是關(guān)于怎樣進(jìn)行有效溝通的問題。選B。A不對(duì)，片面了，只是文中某部分的內(nèi)容，并且這部分內(nèi)容是為后面做背景介紹，不是主要的;C不對(duì)，不是簡(jiǎn)單的research，research僅僅是介紹狀況，文章還有關(guān)于實(shí)現(xiàn)措施的。
2014商務(wù)英語(yǔ)考試高級(jí)閱讀試題2
Problems in the IT industry
In the information technology industry, it is widely acknowledged that how well IT departments of the future can fulfil their business goals will depend not on the regular updating of technology, which is essential for them to do, but on how well they can hold on to the people skilled at manipulating the newest technology. This is becoming more difficult. Best estimates of the current shortfall in IT staff in the UK are between 30,000 and 50,000, and growing.
And there is no end to the problem in sight. A severe industry-wide lack of investment in training means the long-term skills base is both ageing and shrinking. Employers are chasing experienced staff in ever-decreasing circles, and, according to a recent government report, 250,000 new IT jobs will be created over the next decade.
Most employers are confining themselves to dealing with the immediate problems. There is little evidence, for example, that they are stepping up their intake of raw recruits for in-house training, or retraining existing staff from other functions. This is the course of action recommended by the Computer Software Services Association, but research shows its members are adopting the short-term measure of bringing in more and more consultants on a contract basis. However, this approach is becoming less and less acceptable as the general shortage of skills, coupled with high demand, sends contractor rates soaring. An experienced contract programmer, for example, can now earn at least double the current permanent salary.
With IT professionals increasingly attracted to the financial rewards and flexibility of consultancy work, average staff turnover rates are estimated to be around 15%. While many companies in the financial services sector are managing to contain their losses by offering skilled IT staff 'golden handcuffs' - deferred loyalty bonuses that tie them in until a certain date - other organisations, like local governments, are unable to match the competitive salaries and perks on offer in the private sector and contractor market, and are suffering turnover rates of up to 60% a year.
But while loyalty bonuses have grabbed the headlines, there are other means of holding on to staff. Some companies are doing additional IT pay reviews in the year and paying market premiums. But such measures can create serious employee relations problems among those excluded, both within and outside IT departments. Many industry experts advise employers to link bonuses to performance wherever possible. However, employers are realising that bonuses will only succeed if they are accompanied by other incentives such as attractive career prospects, training, and challenging work that meets the individual's long-term ambitions.
This means managers need to allocate assignments more strategically and think about advancing their staff as well as their business. Some employers advocate giving key employees projects that would normally be handled by people with slightly more experience or capability. For many employers, however, the urgency of the problem demands a more immediate solution, such as recruiting skilled workers from overseas. But even this is not easy, with strict quotas on the number of work permits issued. In addition, opposition to the recruitment of IT people from other countries is growing, as many professionals believe it will lead to even less investment in training and thus a long-term weakening of the UK skills base.
13 According to the first paragraph, the success of iT departments will depend on
A their success at retaining their skilled staff.
B the extent to which they invest in new technology.
C their attempts to recruit staff with the necessary skills.
D the ability of employees to keep up with the latest developments.
14 A problem referred to in the second paragraph is that
A the government needs to create thousands of new IT posts.
B the pool of skilled IT people will get even smaller in the future.
C company budgets for IT training have been decreasing steadily.
D older IT professionals have not had adequate training.
15 What possible solution to the long-term problems in the IT industry is referred to in the third paragraph?
A ensure that permanent staff earn the same as contract staff
B expand company training programmes for new and old employees
C conduct more research into the reasons for staff leaving
D offer top rates to attract the best specialist consultants
16 In some businesses in the financial services sector, the IT staffing problem has led to
A cash promises for skilled staff after a specified period of time.
B more employees seeking alternative employment in the public sector.
C the loss of customers to rival organisations.
D more flexible conditions of work for their staff.
2014商務(wù)英語(yǔ)考試高級(jí)閱讀試題3
The Stars of the Future
A Existing management research does not tell us much about how to find and develop high-flyers, those people who have the potential to reach the top of an organisation. As a result, organisations are left to formulate their own systems. A more effective overall policy for developing future leaders is needed, which is why the London Business School has launched the Tomorrow's Leaders Research Group (TLRG). The group contains representatives from 20 firms, and meets regularly to discuss the leadership development of the organisations' high-flyers.
B TLRG recognises just how significant line managers are in the process of leadership development. Unfortunately, with today's flat organisations, where managers have functional as well as managerial responsibilities, people development all too often falls victim to heavy workloads. One manager in the research group was unconvinced by the logic of sending his best people away on development courses, 'only to see them poached by another department or, worse still, another firm'. This fear of losing high-flyers runs deep in the organisations that make up the research group.
C TLRG argues that the task of management is not necessarily about employee retention, but about creating 'attraction centres'. 'We must help line managers to realise that if their companies are known as ones that develop their people, they will have a greater appeal to high-flyers,' said one advisor. Furthermore, selecting people for, say, a leadership development programme is a sign of commitment from management to an individual. Loyalty can then be more easily demanded in return.
D TLRG has concluded that a company's HR specialists need to take action and engage with line managers individually about their role in the development of high-flyers. Indeed, in order to benefit fully from training high-flyers as the senior managers of the future, firms must actually address the development of all managers who will be supporting the high-flyers. Without this, managers will not be in a position to give appropriate advice. And when eventually the high-flyers do move on, new ones will be needed to replace them. The next challenge will be to find a new generation of high-flyers.
首先得搞明白的是這篇文章到底講的什么。不用看具體內(nèi)容，有兩個(gè)地方直接告訴了。一個(gè)是題目說明的第一句話，另一個(gè)是正文的標(biāo)題。從這兩個(gè)地方就可以看出全文探討的是公司未來接班人——也就是潛力股——的培養(yǎng)問題。
A段講了TLRG這個(gè)貫穿全文的研究組織誕生的原因：現(xiàn)行的研究滿足不了需要，于是大多數(shù)公司只能自己探索發(fā)掘接班人的模式;(即第五題的答案)
B段講了直屬經(jīng)理(line managers)對(duì)于發(fā)掘接班人的重要性(真是干什么都要從基層抓起)，以及經(jīng)理們的一些疑慮;
C段講的是接班人問題對(duì)公司的重要性，并且應(yīng)該讓院線經(jīng)理們明白這種重要性;
D段是針對(duì)前面列出的問題，提出的解決建議，什么專家協(xié)助等等。
整篇文章分為四個(gè)部分，層層遞進(jìn)，有很強(qiáng)的邏輯性。拿這樣的文章來做閱讀材料應(yīng)該是相對(duì)容易把握的圖中藍(lán)色的線為答案潛伏的地方。7個(gè)題干基本是將原文中的句子用另外的詞語(yǔ)和句型表述出來，所以題干中的關(guān)鍵詞都能在正文里 找到與之匹配的，比如第四題題干里的expert對(duì)應(yīng)D段的specialists,第六題的too busy to對(duì)應(yīng)于B段里的heavy workloads，第七題的interest對(duì)應(yīng)于C段的appeal。
第一題說“經(jīng)理們必須采取措施使?jié)摿蓚兿嘈潘麄儗?duì)公司的價(jià)值”，也就是要讓潛力股們對(duì)公司忠誠(chéng)，即C段說的creating “attraction centres”和loyalty。
第二題說“組織必須把目光投向正在培養(yǎng)中的潛力股以外的地方”，即D段最后兩句話所說的尋找新一代的潛力股。
第三題和B段的最后一句話完全是一個(gè)意思：怕培養(yǎng)潛力股的投入收不回成本。
第四題說開發(fā)潛力股，經(jīng)理們需要在公司內(nèi)部得到專家支持。答案是D段的第一句話：公司的人力資源專家需要采取行動(dòng)。HR specialists就是expert。
第五題說公司現(xiàn)在沒有在指導(dǎo)策略的支持下辨別潛力股。也就是說公司是依靠自己來發(fā)掘人才的。答案是A段的第一句：現(xiàn)行的研究滿足不了需要，所以公司只能形成自己的一套體系。
第六題，經(jīng)理們太忙了，無(wú)暇顧及潛力股的發(fā)展。答案是B段的：Unfortunately, with today's flat organisations, where managers have functional as well as managerial responsibilities, people development all too often falls victim to heavy workloads.。不幸落在了高工作負(fù)荷的人的肩上。高工作負(fù)荷，也就是too busy。
第七題，看重作為雇主名聲的公司可以吸引潛力股。答案是C段的這么一句：if their companies are known as ones that develop their people, they will have a greater appeal to high-flyers。如果公司是以開發(fā)員工而著稱的話，將會(huì)對(duì)潛力股產(chǎn)生更大的吸引。以開發(fā)員工而著稱(known as ones that develop their people)，名聲很好，也就是看重自己作為雇主的名聲。
疑似生詞：
1. line managers 直屬經(jīng)理，業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)理
2. flat organization 扁平化的組織，即企業(yè)中的單層管理組織對(duì)應(yīng)的單詞hierarchy 等級(jí)制的公司
3. poach vt. (侵入他人地界)偷獵(或捕魚), 水煮，剽竊，挖角
eg: A rival firm poached our best computer programmers.
我公司的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手把我們最好的計(jì)算機(jī)程序編制員挖走了。
4. runs deep 純粹是想說一下那句著名的諺語(yǔ)：Still water runs deep靜水流深。
5. fall victim to 成為......的受害者
B段中的原話：People development all too often falls victim to heavy workloads.人員發(fā)展成為高負(fù)荷工作的受害者，也就是說經(jīng)理們因?yàn)樘Χ鵁o(wú)暇顧及潛力股的培養(yǎng)，即第六題的答案。
6. retention 保留，在文中指留住員工。是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理中常見的專業(yè)名詞。
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2014商務(wù)英語(yǔ)考試高級(jí)閱讀試題匯總
