2019年8月1日雅思閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)預(yù)測(cè)
雅思閱讀考試前大家怎么復(fù)習(xí)呢，相信這讓很多考生都感覺(jué)比較困惑。今天小編為大家?guī)?lái)了2019年8月1日雅思閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)預(yù)測(cè)，大家可以參考一下。重點(diǎn)是復(fù)習(xí)機(jī)經(jīng)中的背景知識(shí)以及相關(guān)詞匯、題型解題思路和方法。
2019年8月1日雅思閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)預(yù)測(cè)1
文章題目Living with uncertainty
重復(fù)年份20160109A 20140515
題材自然環(huán)境
題型判斷 7+簡(jiǎn)答 6
文章大意澳洲的氣候變化無(wú)常，所以那里的生物需要很強(qiáng)的應(yīng)變能力。有一種 P 鳥(niǎo)可 以知道什么地方什么時(shí)候下雨，可以提前飛去找水喝。當(dāng)?shù)厝藶榱酸鳙C把森 林燒掉，另一種要吃 salt bush 的鳥(niǎo)就因此滅絕了。歐洲人來(lái)了之后大量種 植 wheat，Emu 喜歡吃，所以繁殖很快。
部分答案參考：
判斷：
第一種鳥(niǎo)避開(kāi)下雨的地方。N
簡(jiǎn)答：
1.Aboriginal 做了什么來(lái)方便他們打獵 lit fire
2. G 鳥(niǎo)滅絕的原因：salt bush
3. Emu 吃 wheat
2019年8月1日雅思閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)預(yù)測(cè)2
文章題目Trade
重復(fù)年份20160109B 20120728
題材發(fā)展史
題型暫無(wú)
文章大意貿(mào)易的發(fā)展史，講了貿(mào)易的人的天性以及各地的貿(mào)易發(fā)展水平和狀況。
Basically trade means exchange of goods, services, or both. Trade is also called commerce. The actual face of trade was barter, which was the direct exchange of goods and services. Today traders generally negotiate through a medium of exchange, like money, which then makes buying separate from selling, or earning. The invention of money has made trade simpler. Trade between two traders is called bilateral trade, while trade between more than two traders is called multilateral trade.
Trade exists for many reasons. It can be due to specialization and division of labor. Trade exists between regions because different regions have a comparative advantage in the production of some tradable commodity, or because different regions' size helps getting benefits of mass production.
History of Trade:
Trade originated in prehistoric times. It was the main facility of prehistoric people, who bartered goods and services from each other when modern money was never even thought of. Peter Watson dates the history of long-distance commerce from circa 150,000 years ago.
Trade is believed to have taken place throughout much of recorded human history. Materials used for the creation of jewelry were traded with Egypt since 3000 BC. Long-distance trade routes first appeared in the 3rd millennium BC, by the Sumerians in Mesopotamia when they traded with the Harappan civilization of the Indus Valley. Trading is greatly important to the global economy. From the very beginning of Greek civilization to the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century, a financially worthwhile trade brought valuable spice to Europe from the Far East, including China.
The fall of the Roman Empire, and the succeeding Dark Ages brought insecurity to Western Europe and a near end of the trade network. However some trade did occur, the Radhanites were a medieval group of Jewish merchants who traded between the Christians in Europe and the Muslims of the Near East.
The Sogdians ruled the East-West trade route known as the Silk Road from the end 4th century AD to the 8th century AD.
The Vikings and Varangians also traded from the 8th to the 11th century as they sailed from and to Scandinavia. Vikings sailed to Western Europe, while Varangians to Russia.
Vasco da Gama restarted the European Spice trade in 1498. Earlier to his sailing around Africa, the flow of spice into Europe was controlled by Islamic powers, especially Egypt. The spice trade was of major economic importance and helped encourage the Age of Exploration. Spices brought to Europe from distant lands were some of the most valuable commodities for their weight, sometimes rivaling gold.
In the 16th century, Holland was the centre of free trade, imposing no exchange controls, and advocating the free movement of goods.
In 1776, Adam Smith published the paper "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations". This paper criticized Mercantilism, and argued that economic specialization could benefit nations just as much as firms. Since that time the division of labor was restricted by the size of the market, he said that countries having access to larger markets would be able to divide labor more efficiently and thereby become more productive.
The Great Depression was a major economic collapse that ran from 1929 to the late 1930s. There was a great setback in trade and other economic indicators during this period.
The lack of free trade was considered by many as a root cause of the depression. Only during the World War II the recession ended in United States.
2019年8月1日雅思閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)預(yù)測(cè)3
文章題目The history of Russian Ballet
重復(fù)年份20160114 20150418 20121124
題材發(fā)展史
題型判斷 6+填空 7
文章大意芭蕾舞發(fā)源于意大利，從 17 世紀(jì)后傳入俄國(guó)后一直欣欣向榮。出了很多優(yōu) 秀的藝術(shù)家和作品，外國(guó)舞派也對(duì)俄國(guó)芭蕾舞發(fā)展有著影響。后期以戲劇味 發(fā)展主流，一直講到本世紀(jì) 70 年代的發(fā)展。
參考閱讀：
Until 1689, ballet in Russia was nonexistent. The Tsarist control and isolationism in Russia allowed for little influence from the West. It wasn't until the rise of Peter the Great that Russian society opened up to the West. St. Petersburg was erected to embrace the West and compete against Moscow’s isolationism. Peter the Great created a new Russia which rivaled the society of the West with magnificent courts and palaces. His vision was to challenge the west. Classical ballet entered the realm of Russia not as entertainment, but as a “standard of physical comportment to be emulated and internalized-an idealized way of behaving. The aim was not to entertain the masses of Russians, but to create a cultivated and new Russian people.
Empress Anna, (1730 – 1740) was devoted to ostentatious amusements (balls, fireworks, tableaux), and in the summer of 1734 ordered the appointment of Jean-Baptiste Landé as dancing-master in the military academy she had founded in 1731 for sons of the nobility. In 1738, he became ballet master and head of the new ballet school, launching the advanced study of ballet in Russia, and winning the patronage of elite families.
France provided many leaders such as Charles Didelot in St Petersburg (1801-1831), Jules Perrot(1848-1859) and Arthur Saint-Léon (1859-69).
In the early 19th century, the theaters were opened up to anyone who could afford a ticket. A seating section called a rayok, or 'paradise gallery', consisted of simple wooden benches. This allowed non-wealthy people access to the ballet, because tickets in this section were inexpensive.
One author describes the Imperial ballet as “unlike that of any other country in the world…the most prestigious of the ballet troupes were those attached to the state-supported theatres. The directors of these companies were personally appointed by the tsar, and all the dancers were, in a sense, Imperial servants. In the theatre, the men in the audience always remained standing until the tsar entered his box and, out of respect, after the performance they remained in their places until he had departed. Curtain calls were arranged according to a strict pattern: first, the ballerina bowed to the tsar’s box, then to that of the theater director, and finally to the general public.
雅思閱讀信號(hào)詞怎么找
一、順接和遞進(jìn)
例詞：also, furthermore, moreover, what is more, in addition…
考點(diǎn)：And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom… (C6, P28, Q31找標(biāo)題)
解析：And在這句話(huà)開(kāi)頭，有一定的遞進(jìn)含義，this wisdom則是指代了前面一句話(huà)出現(xiàn)的their wealth of traditional knowledge(因紐特人傳統(tǒng)的知識(shí))，所以這兩句話(huà)有緊密的聯(lián)系，同學(xué)們?cè)谧x題的時(shí)候要通過(guò)發(fā)現(xiàn)信號(hào)詞，然后發(fā)散地看它的前后句，最后把考點(diǎn)考察的 意思補(bǔ)充完整。
二、對(duì)比和轉(zhuǎn)折
例詞：however, but, although, nevertheless, on the other hand, by comparison, while
考點(diǎn)：But such projects must be built to higher specifications and with more accountability to local people and their environment than in the past. (C7 P24 Q20)
五、強(qiáng)調(diào)作用
例詞：in fact, in essence, in particular, emphasize…
考點(diǎn)：This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiology- to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates… (C5, P21, Q18 信息包含題)
解析：信息包含題考察細(xì)節(jié)是在哪個(gè)段落出現(xiàn)，在做此類(lèi)題目時(shí)，要注意信號(hào)詞與考點(diǎn)的密切相關(guān)性，從而迅速找準(zhǔn)答案。這里出現(xiàn)了in essence(實(shí)質(zhì)上)，起了一定的強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，迅速掃讀后，發(fā)現(xiàn)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)了題目關(guān)鍵詞sociobiology, 破折號(hào)后面的介詞to表目的，與題目中的the general aim of一致對(duì)應(yīng)。
六、最高級(jí)、比較級(jí)
例詞：–est, most, best, more, better, superior, inferior, preferable, exclusively, extremely...
考點(diǎn)：Making a rapid emotional assessment of the events of the moment is an extremely demanding job for the brain, animal or human. (C5, P44, Q24)
解析：題目中出現(xiàn)了最高級(jí)the most difficult tasks, 因此在原文中也應(yīng)該相應(yīng)的出現(xiàn)最高級(jí)。除了明顯的the most, -est, 還有些單詞本身也含有最高級(jí)的含義，比如extremely, exclusively, superficially, 文中的這個(gè)extremely demanding對(duì)應(yīng)的就是題目中的最高級(jí)，所以答案也確定。
七、因果關(guān)系
例詞：as, because, since, lead to, as a result, result in, consequently, therefore, thus, the caused of…
考點(diǎn):Until recently, not much was known about the topic, and little help was available to teachers to deal with bullying. Perhaps as a consequence, schools would often deny the problem.(C6, P94, Q33)
解題：題目問(wèn)的是學(xué)校否認(rèn)問(wèn)題反應(yīng)了什么，就是這個(gè)現(xiàn)象的根本原因。因此原文中consequence就給解題提供了信息，根據(jù)consequence之前的一句話(huà)就可以將答案找到。
八、舉例子和說(shuō)明
例詞：for example, for instance, that is to say, i.e., such as, including…
考點(diǎn)：Other substances were then introduced: including fillers, such as woodflour, asbestos or cotton… (C5, P39, Q5 流程圖)
解析：我們看到such as后面是舉例子，such as后面的例子可以作為定位詞，woodflour, asbestos, cotton就是fillers的其中一種。Fillers在這里就是一個(gè)概括性的詞語(yǔ)，常常是考點(diǎn)。
解題：此題是段落大意配對(duì)題，在確定H段段落大意時(shí)，段落中間but之后出現(xiàn)的那句話(huà)就是解題的關(guān)鍵，根據(jù)句子中出現(xiàn)的兩個(gè)比較級(jí)，可以確定答案應(yīng)該為X The need to raise standards.
考點(diǎn)：While suggestopedia has gained some notoriety through success in the teaching of modern languages, few teachers are able to emulate the spectacular results of Lozanove and his associates. (C7 P27 倒數(shù)第二段 Q39, 40)
解析：段首句用while引起注意，我們可以根據(jù)success, 和后半句中的few teachers, spectacular results, 搞定最后兩個(gè)填空題。
三、相似
例詞：similarly, in other words, that is, put another way, as …
考點(diǎn): Thus, we concluded that the blind interpret abstract shapes as sighted people do.(C4, P28, Q40)
解析：題目考的是對(duì)文章的總結(jié)。因此解題時(shí)重點(diǎn)看文章中表示結(jié)論的句子，thus這個(gè)單詞給了我們提示，而句子中的as...do表達(dá)的是一個(gè)相似的邏輯，因此答案可以確定為B。
四、排列次序
例詞：firstly, second, another, the second, the most, the best, next, then, now, later, since, eventually, finally…
考點(diǎn)：First, it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary. Second, it lacked the grammatical resources required to represent the world i an objective and impersonal way,... (C5, P49, Q30-31)
解析：題目30-31考的是并列和否定的邏輯關(guān)系，原文中的first, second, 對(duì)應(yīng)的就是題目中的neither...nor...這個(gè)并列關(guān)系，這兩題的答案就迎刃而解了。
考點(diǎn)：First mechanism, then mass use of chemical fertiliser and pesticides, then monocultures, then battery rearing of livestock, and now genetic engineering – the onward marching of intensive farming has seemed unstoppable in the last hal- century, as the yields of produce have soared. (C7, P44, Q15)
解析：段首句連用表示次序的信號(hào)詞，first, then, then… and now, 體現(xiàn)發(fā)展的不同階段。(the stages of development of farming industry C7 P77 選擇配對(duì))
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2019年8月1日雅思閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)預(yù)測(cè)
