托福閱讀備考之長難句分析集錦
在托福閱讀考試中，最讓大家為難的是長難句了。對長難句閱讀要學(xué)會化繁為簡，才有助于托福閱讀的答題；下面小編給大家?guī)硗懈ｉ喿x備考之長難句分析集錦，供大家參考學(xué)習(xí)。
托福閱讀備考之長難句分析：二戰(zhàn)之后的加拿大
托福閱讀長難句：二戰(zhàn)之后的加拿大
Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth.
(倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)Basic to any understanding…is…)
要理解二戰(zhàn)之后20年中的加拿大，就必須了解該國驚人的人口增長。
分句1：Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War
分句2：is
分句3：the country's impressive population growth
分句1，2，3共同構(gòu)成倒裝句，正常的語序應(yīng)該是3，2，1，即：該句的正常語序是The country's impressive population growth is basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War.
本句是一個簡單句，只不過使用了倒裝，謂語動詞是is.
托福閱讀備考之長難句分析：深海底部環(huán)境
托福閱讀長難句：深海底部環(huán)境
Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space.
(定語后置in some ways…)
【譯句】由于完全沒有光，而且承受著比在地球表面大數(shù)百倍的極大壓力，深海底部對人類而言是一個充滿敵意的環(huán)境，在某些方面就像外層空間一樣險惡和遙遠。
分句1：Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures
分句2：hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface
分句3：the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans
分句4：in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space
分句2修飾分句1結(jié)尾的短語intense pressures，
分句1是分句3的狀語
分句3是整個長句子的主句
分句4是分句3的后置定語，修飾分句3的a hostile environment to humans
主句前后分別有狀語和定語的修飾成分，但是本句其實不是復(fù)合句。句子的核心意思是深海對于人類而言是一個充滿敵意的環(huán)境。
托福閱讀備考之長難句分析：石油天然氣的形成
It is not surprising, therefore, that the highest ratio of oil and gas pools to volume of sediment is found in rock no older than 2.5 million years—young enough so that little of the petroleum has leaked away—and that nearly 60 percent of all oil and gas discovered so far has been found in strata that formed in the last 65 million years. (TPO43, 65)
大家自己先讀，不回讀，看一遍是否能理解
托福閱讀長難句分析：
It is not surprising,therefore, (that the highest ratio of oil and gas pools to volume of sediment is found in rock no older than 2.5 million years)—young enough so that little of the petroleum has leaked away—and (that nearly 60 percent of all oil and gas discovered so far has been found in strata that formed in the last 65 million years). (TPO43, 65)
這個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)：
It is not surprising that 從句 and that 從句
主要就是兩個從句，然后中間有一個破折號隔開
修飾一：(that the highest ratio of oil and gas pools to volume of sediment is found in rock no older than 2.5 million years)，從句
中文：油藏和氣藏的數(shù)量與沉積物總量的比率最高出現(xiàn)在年齡不超過250萬年的巖石中
修飾二：(that nearly 60 percent of all oil and gas discovered so far has been found in strata that formed in the last 65million years)，從句
大家注意，能不能來理解這個從句中的discovered?先想想看。
其實，這個句子中還有一個非謂語動詞修飾成分，that nearly 60 percent of all oil and gas (discoveredso far) has been found in strata that formed in the last 65 million years
中文：約60%的石油和天然氣都被發(fā)現(xiàn)在過去650萬年形成的巖層中
托福閱讀長難句參考翻譯：
因此，毫無意外，油藏和氣藏的數(shù)量與沉積物總量的比率最高出現(xiàn)在年齡不超過250萬年的巖石中——巖石還很新，以至于很少的石油泄露——而目前為止發(fā)現(xiàn)的約60%的石油和天然氣都被發(fā)現(xiàn)在過去650萬年形成的巖層中。
這個句子的主要修飾成分就是從句和非謂語動詞，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。
托福閱讀備考之長難句分析：城區(qū)土地擴展
托福閱讀長難句：城區(qū)土地擴展
The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl.
(賓語從句what we now know as)
現(xiàn)在可以獲得這些環(huán)繞幾乎每個大城市邊緣地區(qū)的土地，這一可能性激發(fā)了一場房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)的熱潮并造成了我們現(xiàn)在稱為城區(qū)無計劃擴展的現(xiàn)象。
分句1：The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled
分句2：what we now know as urban sprawl
分句2嵌套在分句1里，即分句1是主句，分句2是賓語從句，主句結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)過精簡應(yīng)該是The new accessibility of land sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled urban sprawl.
整句話的謂語動詞是 sparked 和 fueled, 兩個并列的動詞。
本句的理解困難還來自于抽象詞fuel，它作為名詞的含義廣為人知，是能源、燃料，作為動詞的時候的意思就可以引申為(供給燃料)激發(fā)，促使、造成。
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