托福閱讀蒙題技巧大全
每當(dāng)托?？荚噥砼R時(shí)，總有一些同學(xué)還沒準(zhǔn)備好，或者有同學(xué)對(duì)某一篇閱讀的某一題難以下手，這時(shí)候猜題大法就派上用場(chǎng)了。雖然說是猜，但也不是點(diǎn)兵點(diǎn)將那種純靠運(yùn)氣的方法，而是帶有一絲技術(shù)含量的蒙題法。好奇嗎，那就讓小編為你介紹一下吧。
托福閱讀蒙題技巧
1、用前、后綴猜測(cè)詞義
英語中的前綴、后綴構(gòu)詞頗多，且特定的綴往往表示特定的含義，把握住這一點(diǎn)，可起到以不變應(yīng)萬變的效果。1)He had been overworking and fell ill at last。overwork是由前綴over-加動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成，over有"超過、過于"之意，overwork意思是"工作過多，勞累過度"。再如，overburden負(fù)擔(dān)過重，overcharge要價(jià)過高，overdo做得過分。英語中常用的前綴還有：mis-錯(cuò)，誤：misfortune不幸;mislead誤導(dǎo);mismanage處理不當(dāng)mid-中央：midnight半夜;midway半路under-低于：underdone半生不熟的;underestimate低估anti-反對(duì)：antibody抗體;anticyclone反氣旋;antifreeze防凍劑下面劃線單詞為常見后綴派生詞：1)You must stop dreaming and face reality。(-ty為名詞的標(biāo)志)2)The country is trying to popularize education. (-ize為及物動(dòng)詞的標(biāo)志，再如realize, modernize)
2、利用合成詞猜測(cè)詞義
Family members take turns choosing a special activity for the evening, and everyone partakes in for fun。根據(jù)短語構(gòu)成及上下文意思看，此處partakes in相當(dāng)于takes part in。再如break out-outbreak(名詞爆發(fā))，set out-outset(名詞起始)，comein-income(名詞收入) 。閱讀速度必須快，為什么都說時(shí)間不夠，其實(shí)還是我們的閱讀速度和答題速度不夠，一個(gè)小時(shí)的考試時(shí)間，平均二十分鐘的時(shí)間里我們不僅要完成文章的閱讀還有后面的十多道題目要做的，時(shí)間可是非常緊張的，所以我們必須要快!閱讀速度很大程度的影響著考試速度，除了要熟悉一些閱讀方法之外，還必須要提醒自己糾正不好的閱讀習(xí)慣，例如逐字閱讀，出聲閱讀，或者指著閱讀等，這樣的習(xí)慣只會(huì)拖慢閱讀的速度。建議大家除了略讀、掃描等方式之外，讀文章盡量按照句子的意群來讀，提高閱讀速度的同時(shí)還要保證閱讀質(zhì)量。
關(guān)系詞必須牢記，英文句子的理解更多是去理解句子中邏輯關(guān)系，句與句、段落與段落之間也都是用一些邏輯關(guān)系詞連貫到一起的。所以常見的一些邏輯銜接詞一定要牢記，常見的有并列(and, as well)，比較(than, as….as)，因果(because, so, therefore, thus,result from)，遞進(jìn)(also, furthermore)，轉(zhuǎn)折(but, however, yet)等。找到這些邏輯關(guān)系，讓我們更快的理順文章脈絡(luò)，明確文章主旨。
江山如此多嬌，引無數(shù)英雄盡折腰。各位小主想要取得好成績(jī)還是要靠自己的努力。
托福閱讀解題技巧
托福閱讀中的新題要如何應(yīng)對(duì)呢?小編為大家?guī)砥瞥骂}的方法，同時(shí)帶來不同的閱讀解題技巧，希望能夠幫助到正在備考的同學(xué)們!
主旨題：
因?yàn)樾峦懈ｉ喿x文章都帶有標(biāo)題，所以原來幾乎每篇文章都會(huì)出現(xiàn)的全文主旨題不再出現(xiàn)。
行數(shù)對(duì)應(yīng)題：
新托福閱讀文章不再像舊托福文章一樣標(biāo)注行號(hào)，所以行數(shù)對(duì)應(yīng)題目自然就消失了。
另外，舊托?？荚囍袑?duì)應(yīng)文章某處詞匯并舉的簡(jiǎn)單排除題在樣題中沒有出現(xiàn)，但是我們不能確定在正式的考題中是否會(huì)出現(xiàn)這一類題型。
按照ETS對(duì)樣題的解釋，閱讀部分的題目類型包括fact, inference, insert text, not/except, pronoun reference, rhetorical purpose, vocabulary, sentence simplification, prose summary, schematic table十類。其中，文本插入(insert text)、句子簡(jiǎn)化(sentence simplification)、文章小結(jié)(prose summary)和示意表格(schematic table)這四類題是舊托福中沒有的。
A、文本插入：在原文某段落中標(biāo)記四個(gè)位置，要求考生選擇最為合適的位置插入題目所給出的一個(gè)句子。這類題目實(shí)際上在舊托福的機(jī)考中已經(jīng)存在，其主要目的是考察考生對(duì)段落結(jié)構(gòu)的掌握和語言連貫性的知識(shí)，對(duì)于考生來說難度不大。
B、句子簡(jiǎn)化：在原文中高亮標(biāo)記一個(gè)句子，要求考生從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇能夠簡(jiǎn)要表達(dá)此句子核心信息的描述。這類題型考察考生對(duì)句子的分析和理解能力，以及多樣化表達(dá)的能力，要求考生能準(zhǔn)確理解句子的含義，并能區(qū)分核心信息、邊緣信息及無關(guān)信息。
C、文章小結(jié)：題目根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容給出一個(gè)概述性的句子，要求考生從6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇3個(gè)表達(dá)文章重要觀點(diǎn)的概述性句子，從而完成對(duì)文章整體內(nèi)容的概括和小結(jié)。這類題目要求考生對(duì)文章結(jié)構(gòu)和框架性內(nèi)容把握準(zhǔn)確，并能有效區(qū)分文章核心信息和非核心的細(xì)節(jié)信息。
D、示意表格：題目要求考生對(duì)選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容按照文章的表述進(jìn)行分類，根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容把選項(xiàng)填入對(duì)應(yīng)的分類表格中。從樣題來看，考生需要從7個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇5個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行分類。這類題目主要考察考生對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容的掌握，需要考生準(zhǔn)確理解文章所涉及到的重要細(xì)節(jié)。
在這幾類題目中，文章小結(jié)和示意表格都是多項(xiàng)選擇題目，按照ETS的解釋，這兩類題目的原始分值為2分或3分，而其他類型的題目分值為1分。
四種新題考查目的清晰，考查的是考生對(duì)文章內(nèi)涵的理解能力和整體結(jié)構(gòu)的把握能力及對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的敏銳程度。張宏偉說，"ETS在本次網(wǎng)上測(cè)試中公布的新托福全真試題的確變化較大，出現(xiàn)了一些新題型，聽力和語法部分的考查形式改動(dòng)也較多。但是，這些新題型只是相對(duì)現(xiàn)行托福而言，其實(shí)題目早見過，不過是借鑒了美國其他一些考試而已。"
另外，閱讀由五篇文章改成三篇文章，時(shí)間由55分鐘變?yōu)?0分鐘，也是新托福的顯著變化之一。考生先前傳聞閱讀部分難度增加了，每篇文章的長(zhǎng)度增加了近50%，出現(xiàn)了幾種新題型，考生的認(rèn)識(shí)也不無道理。
重要觀點(diǎn)題為多項(xiàng)選擇題,答案不定項(xiàng)，而句子入位題實(shí)際上在美國的CAT(計(jì)算機(jī)適應(yīng)性考試)中早就出現(xiàn)了,要求考生快速了解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，提煉中心思想。句子解釋題就細(xì)節(jié)而言，是讓考生解釋文章中某句話的內(nèi)涵，有些考生誤把它當(dāng)作是翻譯就大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)了。這種題在美國SAT考試(相當(dāng)于國內(nèi)的高考) 中很普遍，只要多練習(xí)，難度也不大。
托福閱讀常考的語法
形容詞
形容詞修飾名詞或代詞，說明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。通常，可將形容詞分成性質(zhì)形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類，其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。
形容詞是修飾回答像"what kind of" 或 "which?" 或 "whose?" 這類的問題。在使用時(shí)要注意與副詞的區(qū)分。
(1)以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞：friendly， deadly， lovely， lonely， likely， lively， ugly， brotherly
(2)以-ly結(jié)尾既為形容詞，也為副詞：daily， weekly， monthly， yearly， early
副詞
副詞通常修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)。(它也可以修飾另一個(gè)副詞或一個(gè)形容詞，但是這種情況托福考試?yán)锸潜容^少見的)副詞經(jīng)?；卮?quot;how?"
正確的位置：
(1)在動(dòng)詞之前;在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后。
(2)有多個(gè)助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，副詞一般放在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞后。
(3)方式副詞well， badly， hard等只放在句尾。He speaks English well。
另外，
(1)副詞very可修飾形容詞，但不能修飾動(dòng)詞。
I very like English. (×)
I like English very much. (√)
(2)副詞enough要放在形容詞的后面，形容詞enough放在名詞前后都可。
比較
當(dāng)比較兩個(gè)事物時(shí)，用比較級(jí)，也就是-er形式或者用修飾詞less和more。當(dāng)比較多于兩個(gè)以上的事物時(shí)，用最高級(jí)，也就是-est形式或者做most和least 修飾。
措辭錯(cuò)誤
像包括its/it's，affect/effect，lie/lay這類長(zhǎng)相類似的詞常常容易被錯(cuò)用，從而引起審閱者的困惑。如果你不能確定如何用這些詞的話，就盡量避免使用。
雙重否定
與中文不同，在英語里，雙重否定很容易出問題，類似于"not none"，"hardly none"和"not never"這樣的雙重否定都是不正確的。
新托福閱讀背景知識(shí)分享
Plant adaptation to the desert(背景材料)
Cactus adaptations.
The secret to the superior endurance of cacti lies in their adaptations. Over millions of years, through natural selection, only the strongest and best adapted species survived.
As you know, it is very dry in the desert. Plants that adapt to this are known as xerophytes (from zeros, dry and python, plant). There are plants that avoid the dry season by sprouting from seed just after the spring rain andgrowing very fast so that by the time the dry season comes, they have already produced a lot of seeds and died. These seeds lie on the soil for the dry season and sprout again in spring and the cycle repeats. Other xerophytes simply droptheir leaves and stay dormant for the winter. But there is another special type of xerophytes which stores water in its fleshy tissues. Such plants are called succulents (from success, juicy). The cactus is a typical example of asucculent.
If you cut a cactus open, you see a juicy, slimy tissue. This is where the moisture is stored for the dry season. The part between the middle circle (and pith) and just under the very green part of the plant (or palisade parenchyma)just under the skin is allocated for the storage of water and food for the plant. This is a type of spongy parenchyma and can take up to 85% of the plant's volume. This is a major adaptation in the desert. Because the plant remainscompletely alive during the dry season and there is no need for it to dry up and lose everything, makes it possible for the plant to grow to large sizes. Another advantage is that the plant retains supplies (in the form of starch) forthe winter so that it can flower right away in spring without accumulating more supplies (as most plants need to do in spring). The whole purpose of storing supplies for the winter is mostly to energize flowering in spring but it alsolets the cactus start growing much sooner.
Flowering plants breathe and transpire (evaporate water from their surface) through closeable microscopic pores called stoats on the leaves or stems. To do this, their pores have to be open. In most plants these are open all day andon warm nights. But for cacti this is inconvenient as in daytime it is very hot and thus the plant would lose a lot of water through evaporation. So the cactus must close them in the daytime. But then it cannot breathe or photosynthesize(the process where sugars are made from carbon dioxide and water and releasing oxygen using the sun's energy). Succulents have an adaptation to that. Their stoats are closed during the day and are open at night, when it is not that hotand store carbon dioxide in its tissues as crass lean acid and then turn it back to carbon dioxide in the daytime. This process is called crass lean acid metabolism or CAM and it is a very smart way of respiring in the desert.
If we look at the outside of the plant, we notice that there is a tough leathery skin covering the plant, we can also notice the presence of ribs and spines and sometimes fur. These are all very smart adaptations. They serve mainlyfor surviving heat but are also used as defense.
The tough leathery skin is very impermeable to water, thus reducing evaporation from the surface of the plant. This skin often has a layer of plant wax on it which is often lightly colored (Pilosocereus azures is an example of aplant with such wax), white or blue. This reflects light and also reduces evaporation from the inside.
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托福閱讀蒙題技巧大全
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