英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的學(xué)習(xí)需要我們長(zhǎng)期的學(xué)習(xí)和訓(xùn)練，為了幫助大家在托業(yè)考試語(yǔ)法題中不丟分，下面小編給大家?guī)?lái)托業(yè)語(yǔ)法輔導(dǎo)：名詞詞組與動(dòng)名詞。

托業(yè)語(yǔ)法輔導(dǎo)：名詞詞組與動(dòng)名詞

名詞短語(yǔ)或動(dòng)名詞主句(或者從句)中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)。

A.語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)由名詞構(gòu)成名詞詞組的幾種方法

1. n. + adj.短語(yǔ)，如the jobs available to women

2. n. +介詞短語(yǔ)，如a child with reading problem

3. adv. + v.-ed + n.，如seemingly limited number

4. n. + v.-ed短語(yǔ)或者-ing短語(yǔ)

5. n. of sth

B.例題?

例題1(1999年1月考題)____in the desert is mainly due to the limited supply of desert water.

(A) Plants are widely spaced

(B) The spacing of plants is wide

(C) Plants to be spaced widely

(D) The wide spacing of plants

首先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。該句的主干是：is due to the limited supply.這里，句子缺主語(yǔ)。所以，空格中應(yīng)該填入名詞或者名詞詞組。選項(xiàng)A和B都是完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，而非名詞或名詞詞組。根據(jù)due to的用法，我們又能排除C，所以正確答案是D.

例題2(1999年1月考題)

Most leaves are coated with a waterproof _____， or cuticle.

(A) that the covering

(B) and is covering

(C) covering

(D) by covering

這已經(jīng)是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，即主謂完整。如果你認(rèn)識(shí)waterproof這個(gè)詞，你就知道空格里應(yīng)該填入名詞。因?yàn)閣aterproof是形容詞，它只能修飾名詞或者動(dòng)名詞。(這里的waterproof不能表示類別做名詞，因?yàn)榍懊娴墓谠~是a而不是the)你也可以根據(jù)平行結(jié)構(gòu)，由or cuticle判斷空格里應(yīng)該填入名詞或者動(dòng)名詞。(cuticle：表皮)而4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C是名詞或者動(dòng)名詞。?

例題3(1999年8月考題)

The term belles-lettres is used to denote literary forms that contain_____， such as drama， poetry， essays， and novels.

(A) artistic， creative writing

(B) writing that artistic， creative

(C) artistic， creative， and writing

(D) them is artistic， creative writing

首先，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。該句子的主干是：The term belles-lettres is used to denote literary forms.后面的that引導(dǎo)的從句修飾名詞詞組literary forms，contain是動(dòng)詞(包含)，后面應(yīng)該帶名詞或名詞詞組。不但如此，such as這個(gè)短語(yǔ)引出的drama， poetry， essays， and novels應(yīng)該是空格的同位語(yǔ)，再次說(shuō)明空格內(nèi)應(yīng)填入名詞或名詞詞組。選項(xiàng)A正好是能做contain的賓語(yǔ)的名詞短語(yǔ)。其中，形容詞artistic和creative修飾動(dòng)名詞writing，組成名詞詞組。選項(xiàng)B中的that后面缺少助動(dòng)詞is.選項(xiàng)D也能構(gòu)筑一個(gè)完整的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，但是表達(dá)甚是累贅，而且代詞them指代錯(cuò)誤(them指代forms)。所以，正確答案是A.?

例題4(1999年8月考題)

Paul Samuelson revolutionized _____by presenting his students with the most advanced economic thinking at an introductory level.

(A) to teach economics

(B) the teaching of economics

(C) teaching that economics is

(D) economics is taught

首先，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。空格后的by引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作做方式狀語(yǔ)(by presenting his students with the most advanced economic thinking as an introductory level)，句子的主干是Paul Samuelson revolutionized ______.由動(dòng)詞revolutionized(對(duì)……進(jìn)行革命)的用法得出，其后應(yīng)該填入名詞或者名詞詞組，以構(gòu)成完整的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)(如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作及物動(dòng)詞，句子的完整結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該包含主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu);如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作非及物動(dòng)詞，句子的完整結(jié)構(gòu)是主謂結(jié)構(gòu))。對(duì)于選項(xiàng)A，動(dòng)詞revolutionize并沒(méi)有revolutionize to do sth的用法，也就是說(shuō)revolution做動(dòng)詞時(shí)，即revolutionize是及物動(dòng)詞，后不加不定式。選項(xiàng)B正好是可構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)的名詞詞組。對(duì)于選項(xiàng)C，其中的that economics is用法錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)樗荒墚?dāng)從句修飾可做名詞的動(dòng)名詞teaching.而對(duì)于選項(xiàng)D，它是一個(gè)完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，填入空格中根本沒(méi)法形成一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)合理的句子。

托業(yè)考試語(yǔ)法題練習(xí)

1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.

A. in disease

B. that disease

C. of disease

D. about disease

答案:B

分析:動(dòng)詞believe 的用法:直接加that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句.這里that為連接adv.,在句中不作任何成分,其后接完整句.

參考譯文:大多數(shù)殖民時(shí)期的醫(yī)生認(rèn)為疾病來(lái)源人體內(nèi)不平衡的體液.

2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.

A. she was the first woman to conduct

B. the first woman conductor

C. the woman was first conducting

D. the woman conducts first

答案:B

分析:缺賓語(yǔ),答案中只有B,D可以作賓語(yǔ),但D的語(yǔ)序不對(duì).

參考譯文:1976,Sarah Caldwell成為在第一個(gè)在紐約Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家.

補(bǔ)充: 常考 the first/second/… one to do sth

3. On January 7, 1955, Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.

A. the first African American

B. the first African American was

C. she was the first African American

D. when the first African American

答案:A

分析:缺賓語(yǔ),C, D都不能作賓語(yǔ).一句話中只能有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ),而B中有was,句中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ),一定錯(cuò).

參考譯文:1955年1月7號(hào),Marian Anderson成為在第一個(gè)在紐約Metropolitan Opera House擔(dān)任主唱的美籍黑人.

4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States, _________ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.

A. and accelerated a phenomenon

B. a phenomenon that accelerated

C. accelerating a phenomenon which,

D. the acceleration of which phenomenon

答案:B

分析:考的是同位語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),a phenomenon是 the decentralization of cities throughout the United States 的同位語(yǔ).A中and為conj.,后面應(yīng)該連接一個(gè)完整的句子,但缺主語(yǔ),錯(cuò);C中語(yǔ)序混亂,錯(cuò); D中of which作為介詞賓語(yǔ),后面應(yīng)該接一個(gè)完整句,但只有一個(gè)phenomenon主語(yǔ),句子不完整,錯(cuò).

參考譯文:可能戰(zhàn)后最重大的趨勢(shì)就是美國(guó)城市的分散化,當(dāng)大規(guī)模高速公路建設(shè)項(xiàng)目容許了更大程度的發(fā)展郊區(qū),這個(gè)現(xiàn)象更被促進(jìn)了.

補(bǔ)充: accelerate/ accomplish/ achieve/ evolve都可以是vi.不接賓語(yǔ)

5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________ President.

A. he became

B. when becoming

C. beca ame

D. did he become

答案:A

分析:before為狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞conj,后面一般引導(dǎo)一個(gè)完整的句子.B同時(shí)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞,錯(cuò);C缺主語(yǔ);D應(yīng)該為正常語(yǔ)序,選項(xiàng)中使用了倒裝句式,錯(cuò).

6. _________, domesticated grapes grow in clusters, range in color from pale green to black, and contain sugar in varying quantities.

A. Their botanical classification as berries

B. Although their botanical classification as berries

C. Because berries being their botanical classification

D. Classified botanically as berries

答案:D

分析:句子的主語(yǔ)是grapes , 后面是平行結(jié)構(gòu)grow…, range…, and contain….空格后的句子已完整,那么空格處就應(yīng)該是同位語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ)從句,分詞等修飾成分.A中Their指代不明,而且classification和berries也不相符,錯(cuò);B中Although為conj.,后面應(yīng)該是完整句,錯(cuò);C中Because為conj.,后面應(yīng)該是完整句,錯(cuò).

參考譯文:培植的葡萄的植物分類跟漿果是一樣的,它們成串的長(zhǎng)在樹上,顏色從灰白色到黑色,并且包含由不同數(shù)量的糖份.

7. The cymbal is_________in the military band and is also frequently used in modern orchestral music.

A. a basic instrument

B. basic instrument

C. how basic an instrument it is

D. as an instrument is basic

答案:A

分析:instrument可數(shù),前面應(yīng)該有限定詞a.and前為一簡(jiǎn)單句.

參考譯文:鐃鈸在軍樂(lè)隊(duì)里是一個(gè)基本的樂(lè)器,而且還經(jīng)常在現(xiàn)代管弦樂(lè)里使用.

8. In instrumentalist philosophy, ideas and knowledge are exclusively functional processes: they are of significance only _________ instrumental in the development of experience.

A. as they are

B. are they

C. there are

D. are

答案:A

分析:兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)需要有一個(gè)conj.來(lái)連接.一個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)2個(gè)謂語(yǔ)且沒(méi)有連接詞就一定錯(cuò).

參考譯文:在樂(lè)器演奏家的哲學(xué)里面,思想和知識(shí)是專有排外性的功能性的過(guò)程.他們的重要意義僅限于在經(jīng)驗(yàn)發(fā)展的過(guò)程中,用于樂(lè)器演奏.

9. _________ either by cooling or by depriving the fire of oxygen, and most do both.

A. Working fire extinguishers

B. Fire extinguishers that work

C. Fire extinguishers work

D. The work of fire extinguishers

答案:C

分析:空格中缺主謂.A中沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ);B中that多余,因?yàn)榫渲兄挥幸粋€(gè)謂語(yǔ);D也沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ).

參考譯文:滅火器的通過(guò)冷卻或者減少火中的氧氣的方法工作的,大多數(shù)時(shí)候兩個(gè)方法都會(huì)用到.

10. The introduction of mass-production methods enabled many people _________ and gave them an unprecedented amount of mobility.

A. to purchase their own automobiles

B. their own to purchase automobiles

C. to their own purchase automobiles

D. own their automobiles to purchase

答案:A

分析:為固定結(jié)構(gòu)enable sb to do sth.

參考譯文:規(guī)模生產(chǎn)方法的產(chǎn)生,使得人們能夠買自己的車,并獲得了空前的靈活性。

托業(yè)關(guān)鍵詞匯短語(yǔ)與句型

1. “家庭話題”關(guān)鍵詞匯、短語(yǔ)和常用句型

2. 實(shí)例： Narrator：

Now first listen to a conversation about the family and say something about Brian‘s family.

Please Listen Carefully.

Lin： Brian， what‘s up? You look unhappy.

Brian： Oh， nothing particular， Lin. Just that I miss my family terribly.

Lin： Me too. How many people are there in your family?

Brian： Four. My parents， my elder sister and I.

Lin： What do they do?

Brian： My father works in a computer company， and my mother is a nurse. My older sister studies in Beijing， and we email each other fairly often.

Lin： Are your parents strict with you?

Brian： Yes， I think so. When I was at home， I had to clean my own room， help with house chores， finish my homework before dinner time， get back home no later than 9：00 in the evening， and so no.

Lin： That‘s good for you. Do you get along well with your family?

Brian： Sure. I‘m lucky to live in a strict yet loving family. I love them.

Narrator：

You may begin to prepare your response after the beep.

[2 seconds beep]

Preparation time： 15 seconds

Response time： 45 seconds

Narrator：

Please begin speaking after the beep.

[2 seconds beep]

Suggested Answer：

There are four members in Brian‘s family， his father， his mother， the elder sister and him. His father works in a computer company， and his mother is a nurse in a hospital. His older sister studies in Beijing， and they get in touch with each other by email. His parents are strict with him. When he was at home， he had to clean his own room， help with house chores， finish his homework before dinner time and get back home before 9：00. In short， Brian lives in a strict yet loving family.

閱讀輔導(dǎo)：托業(yè)閱讀方法指導(dǎo)

一、單詞：準(zhǔn)備單詞卡片，循環(huán)背誦

一般托業(yè)閱讀中涉及詞匯量比較大，考生至少具備4000左右詞匯量。單詞貧乏的考生，一定要及時(shí)補(bǔ)充詞匯，打下扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。在應(yīng)試時(shí)很容易遺忘或混淆單詞的意義，為了避免類似情況發(fā)生，一定要加強(qiáng)單詞意義的理解。對(duì)此，考生可以制作單詞卡片，正反面各寫英文和中文解釋。制訂計(jì)劃每天背一定量的生詞，循環(huán)背誦并不斷補(bǔ)充。當(dāng)然，最有效的是閱讀文章時(shí)記憶單詞。

二、句子：參考上下文，分析主謂結(jié)構(gòu)

在句子理解方面，考生最容易犯的錯(cuò)誤就是根據(jù)自己已有經(jīng)驗(yàn)片面理解。在閱讀中有的題目考的是對(duì)于文章中某一句子的理解，要參考上下文客觀地看問(wèn)題?？忌鷳?yīng)對(duì)一些復(fù)合句，尤其是雙重否定句、比較句、指代句等有較深了解。特別在遇到復(fù)雜句時(shí)，應(yīng)靜心思考，從把握句子主干一一主謂結(jié)構(gòu)著手來(lái)分析解剖句子結(jié)構(gòu)。

三、閱讀掃描全文，做出標(biāo)記

在閱讀考試中要追求速度(speed)與準(zhǔn)確度(accuracy)的完美結(jié)合?？於粶?zhǔn)或準(zhǔn)而太慢都會(huì)影響考分?？忌谇趭^練習(xí)的時(shí)候掌握一些閱讀技巧將達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。快速閱讀最關(guān)鍵的是在掃描全文的時(shí)候把握每段的主旨，并做出標(biāo)記，在看完全文后對(duì)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)主題有大致的了解。此外，考生以單詞為單位看文章，遇生詞就停頓等壞習(xí)慣都要極力避免。

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