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　　托業(yè)七大題型詳解：Questions/Responses

　　Questions/Responses

　　Format

　　------

　　This part of TOEIC consists of thirty items. Each item consists of a question on the audio program followed by three possible responses (answers) to the question, also on the audio program. Your job is to decide which of these three best answers the question. Between each item is a five-second pause. Part II problems do not involve any reading skills; therefore, this part is considered a "pure" test of listening skills. Your test book simply tells you to mark an answer for each problem.

　　Tactics

　　-------

　　1. There are no answer choices to consider before or while the item is being read. You should just concentrate on the question and the three responses on the audio program, and pay no attention to the test book.

　　2. Try to identify the type of question (information question, yes/no question, alternative question, and so on). The correct response, of course, often depends on the type of question being asked.

　　3. Try to eliminate distractors.

　　4. Don't mark an answer until you have heard all three responses. When you hear a response that you think is correct, rest your pencil on that oval on the answer sheet. If you change your mind and hear a response that you think is better, move your pencil to that choice. Once you have heard all three responses, mark the oval that your pencil is resting on. (This technique helps you remember which choice you think is best.)

　　5. If you hear all three responses and none of the three seems correct, take a guess and get ready for the next item.

　　6. There is very little time (only five seconds) between items in Part II. You need to decide on an answer and fill in the blank quickly to be ready for the next item.

　　_Testing Points and Skill-Building Exercises

　　A. Information Questions

　　B. Yes/No Questions

　　C. Other Types of Questions

　　D. Recognizing Sound/Meaning Distractors

　　E. Recognizing Other Types of Distractors

　　2020年托業(yè)考試閱讀材料關(guān)鍵詞及相關(guān)知識

　　Pitcher plants are carnivorous plants whose prey-trapping mechanism features a deep cavity filled with liquid known as a pitfall trap. It has been widely assumed that the various sorts of pitfall trap evolved from rolled leaves, with selection pressure favouring more deeply cupped leaves over evolutionary time. However, some pitcher plant genera (such as Nepenthes) are placed within clades consisting mostly of flypaper traps: this indicates that this view may be too simplistic, and some pitchers may have evolved from flypaper traps by loss of mucilage.

　　Whatever their evolutionary origins, foraging, flying or crawling insects such as flies are attracted to the cavity formed by the cupped leaf, often by visual lures such as anthocyanin pigments, and nectar bribes. The sides of the pitcher are slippery and may be grooved in such a way so as to ensure that the insects cannot climb out. The small bodies of liquid contained within the pitcher traps are called phytotelmata. They drown the insect, and the body of it is gradually dissolved. This may occur by bacterial action (the bacteria being washed into the pitcher by rainfall) or by enzymes secreted by the plant itself. Furthermore, some pitcher plants contain mutualistic insect larvae, which feed on trapped prey, and whose excreta the plant absorbs.[1] Whatever the mechanism of digestion, the prey items are converted into a solution of amino acids, peptides, phosphates, ammonium and urea, from which the plant obtains its mineral nutrition (particularly nitrogen and phosphorus). Like all carnivorous plants, they occur in locations where the soil is too poor in minerals and/or too acidic for most plants to be able to grow.

　　本篇關(guān)鍵詞：

　　Pitcher plants

　　carnivorous plants

　　mucilage

　　cupped leaf

　　slippery

　　grooved

　　phytotelmata

　　amino acids

　　peptides

　　phosphates

　　ammonium and urea

　　nitrogen and phosphorus

　　中文相關(guān)知識：

　　吃動物的植物，全世界有500多種，其中,以豬籠草的捕蟲器最精巧和復(fù)雜。豬籠草大多數(shù)生長在印度洋群島、馬達加斯加、斯里蘭卡、印度尼西亞等潮濕熱帶森林里，我國廣東、云南等省也有這種植物。豬籠草吃蟲，全靠它奇特的葉子。它的葉片中脈伸出去變成卷須，可以攀附著別的東西向上升。卷的頂部生出一個囊狀物，好象奶瓶子一樣，口上有一個蓋，能開也能關(guān)。瓶口邊緣向內(nèi)卷，瓶內(nèi)有半瓶子水液。瓶口內(nèi)壁能分泌又甜又香的蜜汁，貪吃的小昆蟲聞到香味就會爬過去吃蜜。也許就在它們吃得正得意的時候，腳下突然一滑，一頭栽到瓶中，被水液粘住了，再也無法逃命。于是豬籠草得到了一頓美餐。

　　其它吃蟲植物如茅膏菜、毛氈苔、捕蠅草等，雖然也能捕捉昆蟲，但它們的捕蟲工具，遠不及豬籠草的精巧復(fù)雜。

　　托業(yè)考試閱讀題中高頻短語詞組匯總

　　1. abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于;遵守。

　　2. be absent from…. 缺席，不在

　　3. absence or mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉

　　4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被動語態(tài)):be absorbed in 全神貫注于…近:be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on

　　5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有

　　6. access(to) (不可數(shù)名詞) 能接近,進入,了解 　　7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地

　　8. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主動地

　　9. in accord with 與…一致 . out of one’s accord with 同….不一致

　　10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地

　　11. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根據(jù)

　　12. on one’s own account 1) 為了某人的緣故, 為了某人自己的利益 2)(=at one’s own risk) 自行負責(zé) 3)(=by oneself)依靠自己 on account 賒賬; on account of 因為; on no account不論什么原因也不;of …account 有………重要性.

　　13. take…into account(=consider)把……考慮進去

　　14. give sb. an account of 說明, 解釋 (理由)

　　15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解釋, 說明.

　　16. on account of (=because of) 由于,因為.

　　17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)絕不要,無論如何不要(放句首時句子要倒裝)

　　18. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告

　　19. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)習(xí)慣于.

　　20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉

　　21. act on 奉行,按照…行動; act as 扮演; act for 代理

　　22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己適應(yīng)于

　　23. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改編, 改寫(以適應(yīng)新的需要)

　　24. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之

　　25. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外

　　26. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 堅持, 遵循

　　27. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗鄰的, 臨近的

　　28. adjust……(to) (=change slightly)調(diào)節(jié); 適應(yīng)

　　29. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能，留有…的余地.

　　30. in advance (before in time) 預(yù)告, 事先.

　　31. to advantage 有利的,使優(yōu)點更加突出地.

　　32. have an advantageover 勝過. have the advantage of 由于…處于有利條件 have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事

　　33. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用.

　　34. agree with 贊同(某人意見) agree to 同意

　　35. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致

　　36. ahead of 在…之前, 超過…;……………. ahead of time 提前.

　　37. in the air 1)不肯定, 不具體. 2)在謠傳中.

　　38. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 最重要的.

　　39. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 總共, 總計

　　40. after all 畢竟,到底; (not) at all 一點也不; all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大體上說; be all in 累極了; all but 幾乎.

　　41. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考慮到, 估計到.

　　42. amount to (=to be equal to) 總計, 等于.

　　43. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 對…負責(zé).

　　44. answer to (=conform to) 適合,符合.

　　45. be anxious about 為…焦急不安; 或anxious for

　　46. apologize to sb. for sth. 為…向…道歉本文來源:考試大網(wǎng)

　　47. appeal to sb. for sth. 為某事向某人呼吁. appeal to sb. 對某人有吸引力

　　48. apply to sb. for sth. 為…向…申請 ; apply for申請; apply to 適用.

　　49. apply to 與…有關(guān);適用

　　50. approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 贊成, approve vt. 批準(zhǔn)

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