實(shí)例講解托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作讓步段的技巧
托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作中有些技巧可以幫助我們托福作文獲得高分大家知道是什么嗎?這其中可能就是讓步段，那么讓步段能為你的作文起到什么效果呢?這里小編帶大家一起學(xué)習(xí)一下讓步段的寫(xiě)法。
實(shí)例講解托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作讓步段的寫(xiě)作方法
托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作中，一個(gè)好的讓步段會(huì)讓文章的邏輯關(guān)系更嚴(yán)密，論證更豐富，更符合學(xué)術(shù)文章的要求。然而，很多考生嘗試著寫(xiě)讓步段，卻也有湊字?jǐn)?shù)的目的，無(wú)法發(fā)揮讓步段的最佳威力。
到底怎樣寫(xiě)出好的讓步段?寫(xiě)還是不寫(xiě)?這是個(gè)問(wèn)題很多同學(xué)有疑問(wèn)，在一篇完整的獨(dú)立作文中，讓步段是不是一定要寫(xiě)呢?可不可以不寫(xiě)呢?讓步段不是必須要寫(xiě)的，考生們可以在作文里只提出支持自己觀點(diǎn)的兩至三個(gè)正面的理由，這樣也可以得出最后的結(jié)論。比如說(shuō)是否同意新的科技產(chǎn)品發(fā)布，過(guò)段時(shí)間購(gòu)買(mǎi)比馬上購(gòu)買(mǎi)要好，我們完全可以只提出過(guò)段時(shí)間購(gòu)買(mǎi)的兩個(gè)正面理由：
一. 價(jià)格會(huì)更便宜;
二. 產(chǎn)品的性能會(huì)更優(yōu)化，這樣整篇作文的論點(diǎn)還是明確的。
但是這篇文章當(dāng)然也可以加上讓步段，過(guò)段時(shí)間再買(mǎi)的壞處，或是馬上購(gòu)買(mǎi)的好處。這樣會(huì)顯得這篇文章論證的邏輯更加嚴(yán)密和全面，我們確實(shí)是進(jìn)行了優(yōu)劣對(duì)比后，才得出自己的觀點(diǎn)。
尤其要注意的是，如果作文題目本身的觀點(diǎn)的反面并不能夠被忽略，那么建議讓步段是一定要寫(xiě)的，這樣顯得我們得出自己的觀點(diǎn)才不牽強(qiáng)。
比如作文題目Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Playing computer games is a waste of time. Children should not be allowed to play them.。我們可以寫(xiě)正面的兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，即玩電腦游戲的兩個(gè)好處，但是我們同樣不能忽略玩電腦游戲的壞處，所以就要寫(xiě)讓步段了，不然觀點(diǎn)就會(huì)顯得過(guò)于偏激。
怎么寫(xiě)讓步段?這又是個(gè)問(wèn)題重中之重: 讓一小步，進(jìn)一大步!
讓步段的最重要目的是對(duì)讓步內(nèi)容地不斷削弱，以退為進(jìn)，先提出壞處，然后再否定它。但是要記住的是讓步段與支持段結(jié)構(gòu)一致，也是有主題句，然后要對(duì)主題句進(jìn)行展開(kāi)解釋。 所以常見(jiàn)的套路是：主題句(不可否認(rèn)A也有壞處)+解釋(進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明壞處是什么)+讓步(但是呢，這些壞處可以被解決掉，或是不太重要)
1.讓步段主題句寫(xiě)法讓步段的主題句一般是這樣的：不可否認(rèn)的是，A可能會(huì)有一些壞處。這里我們盡量語(yǔ)氣要委婉些，下面是一些會(huì)用到的詞組表達(dá)：——Admittedly / Undoubtedly / There is no denying that / It cannot be denied that ——May / might / possibly / probably ——One / one or two / a couple of / minor / several ——To some extent / to some degree【常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤】很多考生讓步段用although開(kāi)頭，但是although后面只能跟一個(gè)從句，所以后面主題句的內(nèi)容就沒(méi)有辦法展開(kāi)了。
2. 讓步如何實(shí)現(xiàn)讓步段的表述可以參考以下模式：?讓步方的好處比支持方的好處次要，或者支持方的壞處比起好處來(lái)次要。However, the advantages of A are more important than those of B.讓步方優(yōu)點(diǎn)與支持方優(yōu)點(diǎn)比起來(lái)較少，或支持方缺點(diǎn)與優(yōu)點(diǎn)比起來(lái)較少。However, the advantages of A are far more than those / that of B.However, the advantages of A outnumber those / that of B.對(duì)方的好處，我方也可以有辦法得到;我方的壞處可以有辦法消除。However, the problem can be solved by … However, the negative influence can be eliminated by …
3. 讓步段范例賞析Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Playing computer games is a waste of time. Children should not be allowed to play them.
主題句: Admittedly, playing computer games does harbor several drawbacks.
解釋： Some children are addicted to playing computergames and ignore their studies, thereby suffering from poor academic performance. Also, over exposure to computer games with high concentration will sooner or later cause the impairment of their eyesight.
讓步:However, most children are able to control themselves to play games in moderation. Also, their parents can intervene and supervise as well. Specifically, they could set strict rules on how much time their children could play games everyday and on what conditions they could do so, therefore it is completely unnecessary to forbid them to play computer games.
托福綜合寫(xiě)作的幾種開(kāi)頭方法
托福綜合寫(xiě)作開(kāi)頭方法一、比較新穎、有創(chuàng)意的開(kāi)頭
“As technologies and the demand for certain services change， many workers will lose their jobs. The responsibility for those people to adjust to such change should belong to the individual worker， not to government or to business.
As a saying goes， “God helps those help themselves”， which is true in most cases. But as far as the large numbers of laid-off workers caused by the technological and market changes are concerned， I believe the government and the business certainly have an unshakable responsibility to take.
托福綜合寫(xiě)作開(kāi)頭方法二、 可以適當(dāng)?shù)膹?fù)述一下題目，然后稍作讓步，再表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)和立場(chǎng)
“Work greatly influences people’s personal lives—their special interests， their leisure activities， even their appearance way from the work place.”
The speaker claims that our jobs greatly influence our personal interests， recreational activities and even appearance. While I agree that the personal lives of some people are largely determined by their work， in my view it would be a mistake to draw this conclusion generally. In my observation， the extent to which occupation influences personal life depends on the nature of the work， and how central the work is to one’s sense of self.
“We shape our buildings and afterwards our buildings shape us.”
I believe this statement should be interpreted broadly—to mean that we are influenced by the exterior shape of buildings， as well as by the arrangement of multiple buildings and by a building’s various architectural and aesthetic elements. While I doubt that buildings determine our character or basic personality traits， I agree that they can greatly influence our attitudes， moods， and even life styles.
托福綜合寫(xiě)作開(kāi)頭方法三、新托福寫(xiě)作可以以提問(wèn)方式開(kāi)頭，闡述自己的觀點(diǎn)，再表明自己的立場(chǎng)
“As technologies and the demand for certain services change， many workers will lose their jobs. The responsibility for those people to adjust to such change should belong to the individual worker， not to government or to business.”
As technology and changing social needs render more and more jobs obsolete， who is responsible for helping displaced workers adjustWhile individuals have primary responsibility for learning new skills and finding work， both industry and government have some obligation to provide them the means of doing so.
托福綜合寫(xiě)作開(kāi)頭方法四、可以先表明自己的立場(chǎng)，再闡述原因
Businesses are as likely as are governments to establish large bureaucracies， but bureaucracy is far more damaging to a business than it is to a government.
Contrary to the statement’s premise， my view is that businesses are less likely than government to establish large bureaucracies， because businesses know that they are more vulnerable than government to damage resulting from bureaucratic inefficiencies. My position is well supported by common sense and by observation.
托福寫(xiě)作一定要簡(jiǎn)潔
許多考生在參加托福寫(xiě)作考試時(shí)總喜歡將自己覺(jué)得最復(fù)雜的句式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)，覺(jué)得從句用的越多越好，對(duì)于這點(diǎn)，專家認(rèn)為是不對(duì)的，托福寫(xiě)作一定要簡(jiǎn)潔!
所謂“言簡(jiǎn)樸實(shí)原則”，就是行文不啰嗦，句子應(yīng)越短越好，如果一個(gè)字能說(shuō)清楚的，就不要用兩個(gè)字。
例如：At this point in time，we should pull together for our goal. (現(xiàn)在我們應(yīng)該為我們的目標(biāo)團(tuán)結(jié)一致)這句話中“At this point in time”表示“現(xiàn)在”，我們完全可以用now來(lái)代替。
In the majority of cases，he likes to ride bike to the office. (他通常喜歡騎單車(chē)到辦公室)。很簡(jiǎn)單的一句話，完全可以寫(xiě)成 He usually likes to ride bike to the office。
平時(shí)我們所說(shuō)的用詞多樣化和地道并不是體現(xiàn)在這些時(shí)間副詞或者是完全可以簡(jiǎn)化的啰嗦句型上，而是指實(shí)用性極強(qiáng)的詞如動(dòng)詞和形容詞，比如：
Original：Solving trivial problems in the dorm will add your social experience and help you to understand other people‘s feelings and learn to be kind。
Revised： Solving trivial problems in the dorm will enrich your social experience and help you to understand other people’s feelings and learn to be considerate。
add，kind 表達(dá)的含義都比較寬泛。 add可以指數(shù)量上的增加，也可以指程度的加強(qiáng)，對(duì)于“豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)、增加知識(shí)”這個(gè)意思，用enrich會(huì)使表達(dá)更準(zhǔn)確。 kind 從字面意義上講是“好的、善良的”，用kind來(lái)形容人無(wú)法具體地表現(xiàn)出一個(gè)人的性格特征到底怎樣，原句中是想表達(dá)“考慮周到、體貼入微”的特點(diǎn)，要準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)這個(gè)含義應(yīng)選擇considerate。
另外，我們常見(jiàn)的一些累贅用詞表現(xiàn)在托福寫(xiě)作中句意的理解，比如：He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年經(jīng)商的經(jīng)驗(yàn))actual是多余的，因?yàn)閑xperience已經(jīng)有actual的意味了。
We assembled(together) all the parts for our radio. (我們裝好收音機(jī)的零件)assemble本身就有together的意思，因此together是多余的?！捌降认嗵幵瓌t”的意思是行文不出現(xiàn)明顯的帶歧視或偏見(jiàn)的字眼，包括男女性別，也要避免區(qū)別，以示“平等”。例如：
Many businessmen(businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful. (許多商人覺(jué)得工作壓力很大) 這句話寫(xiě) businessmen或是businesswomen都是不妥當(dāng)?shù)?，可以改?business people或 business executives或business managers就可以包括男女了。
當(dāng)然，一些帶有種族偏見(jiàn)的字眼，甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或 slur)，也要盡量避免使用，以免鬧出麻煩。例如：
對(duì)黑人不要用 Negro，更不能用Nigger (用 Black 還可以)，禮貌的說(shuō)法 是Afro-American 或African-American;對(duì)白人不要用 Honky (這是黑人罵白人的用字)，正確用法是 Caucasian，或 white people;對(duì)猶太人不要用 Hymies，應(yīng)該叫Jewish 或 Jewishpeople;對(duì)越南人不要用 Gook，要用 Vietnamese;至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人，包括 Puerto Rico，正確的用法多是Hispanics 或 Latins，不過(guò)據(jù)說(shuō)西班牙人為了維護(hù)自己的文化，倒喜歡別人稱為 Spaniard。
托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作范文：現(xiàn)在我們吃的食物比過(guò)去要健康
托福寫(xiě)作題目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The food we eat today is much healthier than in the past.(我們現(xiàn)在吃的食物比過(guò)去更健康。)
托福寫(xiě)作范文：
Back in the days, the world suffered from instances of food-related issues such as shortage, sanitation, and nutritional content. Today, with the numerous advances in related fields of technology, most if not all, of these problems are just a memory of the past. Many claim, in particular, that the foods we consume today are of a much higher quality, thereby making them healthier to eat. But is this certainly the case? I don’t think so.
The last time I checked, there were lots of fast food chains sprawling in our cities and even in some suburban areas. In these places are common sights of obese children and other unhealthy-looking consumers. It does not stop here. The situation gets worse. Remember the time that the price of staple food like rice was sky-high because of limited supply? Well, that’s not the case now. However, there were news reports showing that most of these food supplies, though plentiful, lack the necessary nutritional content. Certain varieties were even proven to be harmful instead. Does the term Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) ring a bell?聽(tīng)起來(lái)熟悉嗎 In spite of our efforts to produce agricultural products with higher yield, the main concern seems to be this. Are we really eating healthier food now?
Food fuels us.食物給我們力量(加油fuel) Depending on the quality of food we eat, our resistance to sickness, fatigue, and overall wellbeing is determined. Then how come most people now easily get sick or die early? Yes, there are other factors to consider like air pollution and the likes. However, food forms the large proportion of our requirements for survival and daily accomplishment of our activities.
This being said, I firmly conclude that the foods we eat today are not as healthy compared to those in the past. Despite the advances of modern technology, certain by-products are inevitable. Thus, it is up to us to effectively filter what goes into our mouths lest以免 we suffer from unhealthy foods’ effects.
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