雅思閱讀14種題型特征分析
在雅思閱讀考試中，考查的題型有很多，考試內(nèi)容也比較廣泛，這都給考生們備考增加了難度，本文就為大家介紹一下雅思閱讀考試14種題型及解題方法。
雅思閱讀14種題型特征分析
雅思閱讀題型之判斷題
首先，這兩種題型可不是考官隨心所欲的產(chǎn)物。T/F/NG題型多出現(xiàn)在前兩篇閱讀中，而Y/N/NG大多出現(xiàn)在第三篇中。為啥?因?yàn)門/F/NG一般是根據(jù)所有的facts，也就是事實(shí)判斷來出題，Y/N/NG是根據(jù)idea或者argument，也就是觀點(diǎn)來出題。而我們在“三篇文章難度是否一致”那期文章中講到過，前兩篇文章大多是說明類事實(shí)陳述文章，而第三篇文章相對來說觀點(diǎn)類的會更多一點(diǎn)。大家懂了嗎，可以找出劍橋真題檢驗(yàn)一下哦。這兩種題型很nice，一般都是順序出題的。
雅思閱讀題型之summary題型
這種題型又可能分成兩種，一種是帶選項(xiàng)的，一種是不帶選項(xiàng)的。寶寶們猜猜哪一種會更簡單?答案是不帶選項(xiàng)的會更簡單一點(diǎn)。因?yàn)椴粠нx項(xiàng)的意味著你可以把文章中的原詞直接寫上，這里面是不需要太多的同義替換技巧的，找到原文，抄下來原詞，搞定。
至于帶選項(xiàng)的summary，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)題目中會設(shè)置同義替換，也有可能會有一些歸納總結(jié)。也就是原文當(dāng)中三句話的內(nèi)容，對應(yīng)到題目summary里的濃縮成了一句話描述，甚至最后選的詞有可能是一個(gè)歸納總結(jié)性的詞。這對大家的理解概括能力以及同義詞掌握程度要求就比較高。(再次強(qiáng)調(diào)同意替換詞的重要性，寶寶們一定堅(jiān)持背我們的同義替換打卡計(jì)劃)。這種題型還很任性，有可能是順序有可能是亂序。
雅思閱讀題型之list of headings
這種題型平時(shí)我們用中文說的話就是小標(biāo)題題或者段落標(biāo)題題。這種題型肯定是亂序出題的，畢竟如果matching headings是順序出題的話，這題就沒法做了，直接一段對一個(gè)標(biāo)題。(雖然大家很希望如此對吧)
雅思閱讀題型之multiple choice
這其實(shí)是我們做的比較多的一種題型，這里面又包含了兩種題型，一種是四選一的，一般來說會在第3篇文章中出現(xiàn);還有一種是五選二或者多選多的。這些題目一般來講會是順序出題。
雅思閱讀題型之matching information
就是會有幾句話放在一個(gè)地方，然后題目描述會問你“哪一個(gè)段落包含以下信息?”這種問法熟悉吧。這個(gè)題型是亂序出題的。另外要注這information里有一個(gè)技巧，所有的這些的題干在開始會有一個(gè)抽象詞，比如說adion，example，或者是figure類似的。你在定位原文的時(shí)候要注意這些提示詞。
雅思閱讀題型之matching features
給你幾個(gè)人物讓你在原文當(dāng)中找他的觀點(diǎn)，或者幾個(gè)年代讓你在原文中在不同年代發(fā)生的事情。大家注意一下這種題目一定是亂序出題的，如果是順序的話也就沒有matching的意義了，所以所有的matching題一點(diǎn)是亂序的。
這里提醒大家額外注意，matching features的選項(xiàng)是順序的。舉個(gè)例子，題目要求你把5個(gè)人名和他們的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行配對，那么這5個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)，也就是選項(xiàng)部分，在原文當(dāng)中是順序出現(xiàn)的。所以這種題型的解題技巧是按照選項(xiàng)順序?qū)φ赵?，然后再對?yīng)這些基本觀點(diǎn)是出自哪些人。所以matching features是亂序出題，但是選項(xiàng)是順序出現(xiàn)在原文中的。
雅思閱讀題型之matching sentence endings
就是每個(gè)題干都是半句話，下面選項(xiàng)中有很多后半句，讓你做一個(gè)基本的對應(yīng)。這種題型是亂序出題的。
雅思閱讀題型之table completion，也就是表格填空。它的順序不一定，有可能順序也有可能亂序。
雅思閱讀題型之sentence completion，就是一句話中間給你挖出一個(gè)空填上就行。也有時(shí)候會挖兩個(gè)空，一般來講這兩個(gè)空會有并列關(guān)系，它們兩個(gè)算一道題計(jì)一次分。這種題型一般是順序出題的。
雅思閱讀題型之notes completion，題型設(shè)置和table completion很相似，不一定順序還是亂序。
雅思閱讀題型之labeling diagram。給你一個(gè)diagram然后你在原文中找到對應(yīng)說明段落再把空填好。這種題目同樣有可能會順序也有可能會亂序。另外這個(gè)題型在OG里面或者劍11里面都出現(xiàn)過，所以大家關(guān)注一下。
雅思閱讀題型之short answer question，就是簡答題。直接給你一個(gè)題目，你用一兩個(gè)或者兩三個(gè)單詞回答。這種題型是順序出題的，每個(gè)題的題干在原文當(dāng)中和自然段的順序是對應(yīng)的。
雅思閱讀題型之flow chart completion，這個(gè)和diagram比較像，大家在做的時(shí)候直接看題目描述就可以了。題目描述是怎么說的，它就對應(yīng)哪一種題型。同樣，這種題型有可能順序出題，也有可能亂序。
雅思閱讀練習(xí)：The Spectacular Eruption of Mount St. Helens
A The eruption in May 1980 of Mount St. Helens, Washington State, astounded the world with its violence. A gigantic explosion tore much of the volcano's summit to fragments; the energy released was equal to that of 500 of the nuclear bombs that destroyed Hiroshima in 1945.
B The event occurred along the boundary of two of the moving plates that make up the Earth's crust. They meet at the junction of the North American continent and the Pacific Ocean. One edge of the continental North American plate over-rides the oceanic Juan de Fuca micro-plate, producing the volcanic Cascade range that includes Mounts Baker, Rainier and Hood, and Lassen Peak as well as Mount St. Helens.
C Until Mount St. Helens began to stir, only Mount Baker and Lassen Peak had shown signs of life during the 20th century. According to geological evidence found by the United States Geological Survey, there had been two major eruptions of Mount St. Helens in the recent(geologically speaking)past: around 1900 B.C., and about A.D. 1500. Since the arrival of Europeans in the region, it had experienced a single period of spasmodic activity, between 1831 and 1857. Then, for more than a century, Mount St. Helens lay dormant.
D By 1979, the Geological Survey, alerted by signs of renewed activity, had been monitoring the volcano for 18 months. It warned the local population against being deceived by the mountain's outward calm, and forecast that an eruption would take place before the end of the century. The inhabitants of the area did not have to wait that long. On March 27, 1980,a few clouds of smoke formed above the summit , and slight tremors were felt. On the 28th, larger and darker clouds,. consisting of gas and ashes,. emerged and climbed as high as 20,000 feet. In April a slight lull ensued, but the volcanologists remained pessimistic. The, in early May, the northern flank of the mountain bulged, and the summit rose by 500 feet.
E Steps were taken to evacuate the population. Most- campers, hikers, timbercuttersleft the slopes of the mountain. Eighty-four-year-old Harry Truman, a holiday lodge owner who had lived there for more than 50 years, refused to be evacuated, in spite of official and public, including an entire class of school children, wrote to him, begging him to leave. He never did.
F On May 18, at 8.32 in the morning, Mount St. Helens blew its top. literally. Suddenly, it was 1300 feet shorter than it had been before its growth had begun. Over half a cubic mile of rock had disintegrated . At the same moment, an earthquake with an intensity of 5 on the Richter scale was recorded. It triggered an avalanche of snow and ice. mixed with hot rock-the entire north face of the mountain had fallen away. A wave of scorching volcanic gas and rock fragments shot horizontally from the volcano's riven flank, at an inescapable 200 miles per hour. As the sliding ice and snow melted, it touched off devastating torrents of mud and debris, which destroyed all life in their path. Pulverised, which destroyed all life in their path. Pulverised rock climbed as a dust cloud into the atmosphere. Finally, viscous lava, accompanied by burning clouds of ash and gas, welled out of volcano's new crater, and from lesser vents and cracks in its flanks.
G Afterwards, scientists were able to analyse the sequence of events. First, magmamolten rock-at temperatures above 2000oF. had surged into the volcano from the Earth's mantle. The build-up was accompanied by an accumulation of gas, which increased as the mass of magma grew. It was the pressure inside the mountain that made it swell. Next, the rise in gas pressure caused a violent decompression. Which ejected the shattered summit like a cork from a shaken soda bottle. With the summit gone, the molten rock within was released in a jet of gas and fragmented magma, and lava welled from the crater.
H The effects of the Mount St. Helens eruption were catastrophic. Almost all the trees of the surrounding forest, mainly Douglas firs. were flattened. and their branches and bark ripped off by the shock wave of the explosion. Ash and mud spread over nearly 200 square miles of country. All the towns and settlements in the area were smothered in an even coating of ash. Volcanic ash silted up the Columbia River 35 miles away, reducing the debris that accumulated at the foot of the volcano reached a depth. in places, of 200 feet.
I The eruption of Mount St. Helens was one of the most closely observed and analysed in history. Because geologists had been expecting the event, they were able to amass vast amounts of technical data when it happened. Study of atmospheric particles formed as a result of the explosion showed that droplets of sulphuric acid, acting as a screen between the Sun and the Earth's surface, caused a distinct drop in temperature. There is no doubt that the activity of Mount St. Helens and other volcanoes since 1980 has influenced our climate . Even so, it has been calculated that the quantity of dust ejected by Mount St. Helens - a quarter of a cubic mile- was negligible in comparison with that thrown out by earlier eruptions, such as that of Mount Katmai in Alaska in 1912 (three cubic miles). The volcano is still active. Lava domes have formed inside the new crater, and have periodically burst. The threat of Mount St Helens lives on.
.Questions 1 and 2
Reading Passage 1 has 9 paragraphs labelled A-I
Answer questions 1 and 2 by writing the appropriate letter A-I inboxes 1 and 2 on your answer sheet.
Example Answer
Which paragraph compares the eruption to the energy A released by nuclear bomb?
1. Which paragraph describes the evacuation of the mountain?
2. Which paragraph describes the moment of the explosion of Mount St. Helens?
Questions 3 and 4
3. What are the dates of the TWO major eruptions of Mount St. Helens before 1980?
Write TWO dates in box 3 on your answer sheet.
4 How do scientists know that the volcano exploded around the two dates above?
Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS , write your answer in box 4 on your answer sheet
Questions 5-8
Complete the summary of events below leading up to the eruption of Mount St. Helens. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 5-8 on your answer sheet.
In 1979 the Geological Survey warned ... (5) ... to expect a violent eruption before the end of the century. The forecast was soon proved accurate. At the end of March there were tremors and clouds formed above the mountain. This was followed by a lull, but in early May the top of the mountain rose by ... (6)... . People were ...(7) ... from around the mountain. Finally, on May 18th at ...(8) ..., Mount St. Helens exploded.
Question 9 and 10
Complete the table below giving evidence for the power of the Mount St. Helens eruption.
Write your answers in boxes 9 and 10 on your answer sheet.
Item Equivalent to
Example
The energy released by the explosion of
Mount St. Helens
Answer
500 nuclear bombs
The area of land covered in mud or ash ...(9)...
The quantity of dust ejected ...(10)...
Question 11
Choose the appropriate letter A-D and write it in box 11 one your answer sheet.
11. According to the text the eruption of Mount St. Helens and other volcanoes has influenced our climate by ...
A increasing the amount of rainfall. B heating the atmosphere.
C cooling the air temperature. D causing atmospheric storms.
雅思閱讀練習(xí)：Unemployment raise in UK
英國失業(yè)率上升情況
The official line was the labour market is stabilising after a "difficult few months", with Work and Pensions Minister Chris Grayling pointing to a rise in vacancies.
Given the volume of monthly data released by the Office for National Statistics, some positives were inevitable.
But the message from economists – as well as the headline figures which shape the public's mood – was gloomy.
"Unemployment is up and employment is down," summarised Graeme Leach, chief economist at the Institute of Directors. "This really is the feel-bad recovery."
The fear is that the situation could turn out to be a jobless recovery, seen when growth returns but employment does not keep pace.
What Britain is experiencing now is the downside of the labour market holding up relatively better than expected during the depths of the recession. Then, employers tended to cut hours rather than jobs.
With the UK back in growth mode – albeit fragile – businesses are upping the hours of existing staff and are wary of new hires.
Since the monthly figures can jump about, Simon Kirby at National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR) crunched the rolling three-month averages to confirm the underlying picture.
Total employment peaked around 29.5m in April 2008, he said, when the UK had entered the recession but jobs cuts were yet to hit.
The latest data indicates the UK is now some 426,000 roles off that level, he said. But that figure hides the reality of Britain's changing jobs market.
The number of full-time jobs is 864,000 below its peak, according to his calculations, since the net job creation has been overwhelmingly confined to part-time roles.
雅思閱讀文章練習(xí)：Inflation and interest rate
nflation
Inflation report likely to pave way for interest rate rise
The Bank of England is likely to smooth the way for higher interest rates with its Inflation Report today in an attempt to force the cost of living back on target.
The dilemma facing policymakers is how to tackle rising price pressures without derailing the economic recovery. Photo: SUZANNE PLUNKETT
Wednesday's quarterly economic forecasts from the central bank follow official figures on Tuesday showing inflation running at a two-year high of 4pc - double its target.
The dilemma facing policymakers is how to tackle rising price pressures without derailing the economic recovery.
"The committee has no choice but to establish its credibility by sounding hawkish," said Amit Kara, economist at UBS.
Economists believe Mervyn King, the Governor of the Bank of England, was preparing the way for interest rate rises in his obligatory letter to the Chancellor explaining the price rises yesterday.
While he reiterated his belief that "temporary" factors were driving up the cost of living, including high food and energy costs and the increase in VAT to 20pc, he said the Monetary Policy Committee believed inflation will be around target, at 2pc in two or three years, "under the assumption that the bank rate increases in line with market expectations".
That could mean up to three rate rises before the end of the year.
"The Governor's letter seems to endorse market pricing for the Monetary Policy Committee to hike soon," said Citi economist Michael Saunders.
Interest rates have been held at a record low 0.5pc for almost two years but money markets are pricing in rates at 1.25pc by the end of this year, and in general expect a faster pace of tightening over the next two years than they did in November.
The Bank produces two forecasts for inflation in its quarterly report - one based on market interest rate expectations and one that assumes interest rates remain at 0.5pc.
Analysts reckon that near-term inflation forecasts on both measures will be revised upwards to reflect a greater knock-on impact of rising commodity prices and value-added tax.
The November forecasts envisaged inflation falling to a modal 1.45pc in the fourth quarter of 2012 based on market rate expectations, and 1.59pc based on unchanged policy.
"For the first time in a while, assessing what happens to monetary policy will depend on both fan charts," said Alan Clarke, economist at BNP Paribas.
The Bank's outlook for growth will also play a key role in determining when policymakers start to withdraw monetary stimulus, and so far it has maintained there is enough slack in the economy to keep inflation in check further down the line.
The central bank will almost certainly have to revise down its near-term forecasts for GDP from November because of the shock 0.5pc quarter-on-quarter decline in economic output in the final three months of 2010.
The contraction was mainly due to heavy snowfall in December, and there are signs that activity rebounded quickly in January.
But the Bank may still have to lower its medium-term outlook for growth, lessening the urgency for the MPC to take action on inflation.
The Bank's modal projection for year-on-year GDP growth in the fourth quarter of 2010 was 3.05pc - almost double a first official estimate of 1.7pc growth.
"That said, most MPC members have clearly become more worried about the damage to credibility that is being wrought by the persistent overshooting of the inflation target," said Simon Hayes, economist at Barclays Capital.
"In that case, the report will provide a vehicle to prepare financial markets, firms and households for a rate hike, probably within the next few months."
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