雅思閱讀考試考場(chǎng)注意事項(xiàng)
雅思閱讀考場(chǎng)中有哪些注意事項(xiàng)呢?為此特收集整理雅思閱讀考場(chǎng)注意事項(xiàng)，分享給大家，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助!
雅思閱讀考試考場(chǎng)注意事項(xiàng)
首先，在考官宣布閱讀考試正式開(kāi)始后，考生應(yīng)快速瀏覽一下三篇文章，了解以下信息：每篇文章的標(biāo)題，所涉及的專(zhuān)業(yè)領(lǐng)域或話題，文章的長(zhǎng)度，文章后是否附有生詞表，文章中是否有圖示，表格等非文字信息等，確定閱讀順序。一般建議考生首先選擇對(duì)其背景知識(shí)較了解的文章。對(duì)于無(wú)法在60分鐘內(nèi)閱讀完三篇文章的考生，建議仔細(xì)閱讀兩篇文章，保證較高的答題正確率，然后在剩余的時(shí)間利用一些應(yīng)急性的技巧完成第三篇文章中較容易找到答案的那部分問(wèn)題。
老師介紹，考生在每讀一篇文章之前應(yīng)該先瀏覽該篇文章所附的問(wèn)題，了解以下內(nèi)容：有什么題型，各題的大致內(nèi)容，并且記住排列在最前面的幾道題。如果時(shí)間短于20分鐘，則應(yīng)將注意力放在較容易回答的題型或問(wèn)題上。注意雅思閱讀考試中考生沒(méi)有充足的時(shí)間仔細(xì)閱讀每篇文章，考生必須有效地使用有限的時(shí)間找到問(wèn)題的答案，故而考生的目的主要是了解問(wèn)題并在文章中找出相關(guān)信息，確定正確答案。雅思考試大多數(shù)題型內(nèi)問(wèn)題的順序與文章自然順序一致，但每完成一種題型都可能需要回到文章開(kāi)頭尋找下一題型的問(wèn)題的答案。
因?yàn)檠潘伎荚嚥坏箍鄯?，考生可以猜測(cè)答案?？荚嚠?dāng)日的第一項(xiàng)考試是聽(tīng)力考試，磁帶播放完畢后考生有10分鐘時(shí)間謄寫(xiě)答案，但是緊接下來(lái)的閱讀考試沒(méi)有這10分鐘謄寫(xiě)答案的時(shí)間，所以考生務(wù)必在答題的過(guò)程中隨題用鉛筆將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。
雅思閱讀內(nèi)容練習(xí)：Japan halt whaling
日本南極捕鯨船
Environmentalists claimed victory yesterday after Japan halted its annual Antarctic whaling cull following weeks of harassment by a militant conservationist group.
The US-based Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, which has been stalking the whaling fleet with their own vessels, claimed that the Japanese ships had managed to harpoon just 30 whales, a fraction of their 945 target. "We've shut them down basically," Sea Shepherd captain Paul Watson told The Independent by satellite from aboard the MY Steve Irwin. "It's silly to say they've suspended the hunt. We suspended them."
But a spokesman for Japan's Fisheries Agency denied Mr Watson's claims and said it was forced into the move for safety reasons after the whaling crew was put in jeopardy. He declined to say if the suspension was permanent, or if the ships had left for home. "We are considering several options," said Tatsuya Nakaoku. The whaling expedition set sail on 2 December and was due to return home in March or April.
The Antarctic facedown is the latest in a string of confrontations between both sides during the annual cull. Last year, Sea Shepherd's powerboat the Ady Gil, was sliced in two during a collision with the Japanese whaling security ship Shonan Maru II. Pete Bethune, the captain of the Ady Gil, was arrested, tried and given a suspended sentence in a Tokyo court after he boarded the Shonan Maru in protest.
The Japanese fleet's annual "scientific whaling" expedition exploits a loophole in the 1986 whaling moratorium to target roughly 1,000 minke, fin and other whales in the Southern Ocean. Conservationists, however, say the hunts are cover for commercial whaling because the whale meat that is not used for study is sold for consumption.
Cables leaked last month by Wiki- Leaks revealed that Japan had pressed the US government to target Sea Shepherd as part of a secret deal that could have reduced the cull. The four cables apparently showed US willingness to investigate the NGO status of Sea Shepherd. Senior whaling negotiator, Monica Medina, is reported as saying the group "does not deserve tax exempt status based on their aggressive and harmful actions". Another cable records a Japanese minister calling for "action" against Sea Shepherd's tax status, which, he said, created "a very dangerous situation on the seas".
But Sea Shepherd denies endangering the Japanese fleet and says the cat-and-mouse game will continue, despite yesterday's announcement. "They're not taking their ships out of the Southern Ocean, so it could be a ploy to get us to pull away," said Mr Watson.
雅思閱讀練習(xí)：The Rollfilm Revolution
The introduction of the dry plate process brought with it many advantages. Not only was it much more convenient, so that the photographer no longer needed to prepare his material in advance, but its much greater sensitivity made possible a new generation of cameras. Instantaneous exposures had been possible before, but only with some difficulty and with special equipment and conditions. Now, exposures short enough to permit the camera to the held in the hand were easily achieved. As well as fitting shutters and viewfinders to their conventional stand cameras, manufacturers began to construct smaller cameras in tended specifically for hand use.
One of the first designs to be published was Thomas Bolas' s 'Detective' camera of 1881. Externally a plain box, quite unlike the folding bellows camera typical of the period, it could be used unobtrusively. The name caught on, and for the next decade or so almost all hand cameral were called ' Detectives', Many. of the new designs in the 1880s were for magazine cameras, in which a number of dry plates could be pre-loaded and changed one after another following exposure. Although much more convenient than stand cameras, still used by most serious workers, magazine plate cameras were heavy, and required access to a darkroom for loading and processing the plates. This was all changed by a young American bank clerk turned photographic manufacturer, George Eastman, from Rochester, New York.
Eastman had begun to manufacture gelatine dry plates in 1880. being one of the first to do so in America. He soon looked for ways of simplifying photography, believing that many people were put off by the complication and messiness. His first step was to develop, wih the camera manufacturer William H. Walker, a holder for a long roll of paper negative 'film'. This could be fitted to a standard plate camera and up to forty-eight exposures made before reloading. The combined weight of the paper roll and the holder was far less than the same number of glass plates in their ling-tight wooden holders. Although roll-holders had been made as early as the 1850s, none had been very successful be cause of the limitations of the photographic materials then available. Eastman's rollable paper film was sensitive and gave negatives of good quality; the Eastman-Walker roll-holder was a great success.
The next step was to combine the roll-holder with a small hand camera; Eastman's first design was patented with an employee, F. M. Cossitt, in 1886. It was not a success. Only fifty Eastman detective cameras were made, and they were sold as a lot to a dealer in 1887; the cost was too high and the design too complicated. Eastman set about developing a new model, which was launched in June 1888. It was a small box, containing a roll of paperbased stripping film sufficient for 100 circular exposures 6 cm in diameter. Its operation was simple: set the shutter by pulling a wire string; aim the camera using the V line impression in the camera top; press the release botton to activate the exposure; and turn a special key to wind to the film. A hundred exposures had to be made, so it was important to record each picture in the memorandum book provided, since there was no exposure counter. Eastman gave his camera the invented name
'Kodak'-which was easily pronounceable in most languages. and had two Ks which Eastman felt was a firm, uncompromising kind of letter. The importance of Eastman's new roll-film camera was not that it was the first. There had been several earlier cameras, notably the Stirn 'America', first demonstrated in the spring of 1887 and on sale from early 1888. This also used a roll of negative paper, and had such refinements as a reflecting viewfinder and an ingenious exposure marker. The real significance of the first Kodak camera was that it was backed up by a developing and printing service. Hitherto ,virtually all photographers developed and printed their own pictures. This required that facilities of a darkroom and the time and inclination to handle the necessary chemicals, make the prints and so on. Eastman recognized that not everyone had the resources or the desire to do this. When a customer had made a hundred exposures in the Kodak camera, he sent it to Eastman's factory in Rochester (or later in Harrow in England) where the film was unloaded, processed and printed, the camera reloaded and returned to the owner. "You Press the Button, We Do the Rest" ran Eastman's classic marketing slogan; photography had been brought to everyone. Everyone, that is, who could afford $ 25 or five guineas for the camera and $ 10 or two guineas for the developing and printing . A guinea ( $ 5 ) was a week's wages for many at the time, so this simple camera cost the equivalent of hundreds of dollars today.
In 1889 an improved model with a new shutter design was introduced, and it was called the No. 2 Kodak camera. The paper-based stripping film was complicated to manipulate, since the processed negative image had to be stripped from the paper base for printing. At the end of 1889 Eastman launched a new roll film on a celluloid base. Clear, tough, transparent and flexible, the new film not only made the rollfilm camera fully practical, but provided the raw material for the introduction of cinematography a few years later. Other, larger models were introduced, including several folding versions, one of which took pictures 21.6 cm x 16.5 cm in size. Other manufacturers in America and Europe introduced cameras to take the Kodak roll-films, and other firms began to offer developing and printing services for the benefit of the new breed of photographers.
By September 1889 , over 5,000 Kodak cameras had been sold in the USA, and the company was daily printing 6-7,000 negatives, Holidays and special events created enormous surges in demand for processing: 900 Kodak users returned their cameras for processing and reloading in the week after the New York centennial celebration.
Questions 1-4
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in the Reading Passage ?
In boxes -4 on your answer sheet write
YES if the statement agrees with the writer
NO if the statement does agree with the writer
NOTGIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage
1. Before the dry plate process short exposures could only b achieved with cameras held in the hand.
2. Stirn's America' camera lacked Kodak's developing service.
3. The first Kodak film cost the equivalent of a week's wages to develop.
4. Some of Eastman's 1891 range of cameras could be loaded in daylight.
Questions 5-10
Complete the diagram below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 5-10 on your answer sheet.
Questions 10-13
Complete the table below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.
Year Developments Name of person/people 1880 Manufacture of gelatine dry plates .....(10).....1881 Release of 'Detective' camera Thomas Bolas.....(11)..... The roll-holder combined with .....(12)..... Eastman and F.M. Cossitt 1889 Introduction of model with .....(13)..... Eastman
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