當(dāng)遇到閱讀材料的內(nèi)容非常陌生時(shí)，盡管表面上看沒(méi)有生詞，也難免會(huì)出現(xiàn)“讀不懂”的現(xiàn)象，本文綜合整理提供了托?？荚嚰记桑航棠悴聹y(cè)段落大意，以供各位考生復(fù)習(xí)參考，希望對(duì)考生復(fù)習(xí)有所幫助。

托福閱讀段子舉例分析

Cancer Recovery

A 32-year-old woman in Belgium has become the first woman ever to give birth after having ovarian tissue removed， frozen and then implanted back in her body. The patient had the tissue removed in 1997 in hopes of preserving her fertility because she had Hodgkin‘s lymphoma， a type of cancer， and was about to undergo chemotherapy with drugs likely to damage her ovaries and cause infertility. She and her doctors hoped that once she was cured， the ovarian tissue could be thawed and returned to her abdomen to produce eggs.

文中的一些生詞，如：ovarian tissue， fertility， Hodgkin’s lymphoma， chemotherapy， thawed， abdomen(如果它們是生詞的話)會(huì)妨礙我們對(duì)段落大義的理解，但我們熟悉的“give birth， produce eggs”告訴我們本段落所敘述的內(nèi)容與婦女生育有關(guān)，而且我們還可以判斷出這是一例不同尋常的生育，因?yàn)閞emoved(摘除)、frozen(冷凍)、implanted(移植)、returned(放回)等這些關(guān)鍵詞向我們顯示了這樣一個(gè)關(guān)鍵信息。

從第二句得知，這位病人摘除的ovarian tissue是希望能保護(hù)她的fertility。最后一句又說(shuō)，先前摘除的ovarian tissue 移植回去后可以produce eggs;再?gòu)纳畛ＷR(shí)中得知，能使婦女產(chǎn)卵生育的器官是卵巢。這樣，綜合起來(lái)我們就推測(cè)出了ovarian的意義是“卵巢”、fertility的意義是“生育能力”。而至于這位婦女得的什么癌癥(Hodgkin‘s lymphoma)我們可以忽略不計(jì)，只要抓住“治療這種疾病的藥物會(huì)導(dǎo)致’不育‘”這一主要信息即可(第二句后半句)。

至此，我們可以大膽地推測(cè)本段的核心大意：文中提到的比利時(shí)婦女患有癌癥(lymphoma淋巴)，而化療這種癌癥的藥物會(huì)引起不育(infertility);為保護(hù)她的生育能力(fertility)，治療前，醫(yī)生摘除了她的卵巢(ovarian)冷凍起來(lái)，待疾病治好以后，再生育。

托福閱讀真題及答案：飲食習(xí)慣與熱力學(xué)定律

【Introduction】

任何飲食習(xí)慣都無(wú)法違反熱力學(xué)定律，即使現(xiàn)在充斥各種神奇的減重方法，減輕體重的唯一方法只有消耗的熱量。但新的研究指出增加體重的身體位置可以提供線索來(lái)決定那種飲食習(xí)慣將最適合你。

【Section One】Article

No diet has ever been able to defy the laws of thermodynamics. Whether you go low carb, low fat, low this or low that, the only way to lose weight is to burn more calories than you consume. Even the new "it" diet, volumetrics—which uses fancy terms such as energy density and satiety to describe why filling up on certain low-calorie, water-based foods like celery makes you less hungry—can‘t miraculously melt away fat. But new research indicates that where on your body you pack on extra kilograms may provide a clue to determining which diet will work best for you.

It is already widely accepted that even the most rigorously adhered-to diet will not produce the same results from person to person. Some of us are simply genetically predisposed to burn more calories more efficiently than others. Restricting those calories, as you do on a diet, will similarly lead to differing results. But the biggest wild card in the diet game may be how you crank out insulin.

As digestion breaks down much of what we eat into sugary, energy-rich fuel that helps keep us on the go, insulin triggers the body to store excess sugar floating around the bloodstream as fat. Insulin was particularly important in our caveman days, when we needed the energy from one meal to last as long as possible, until we had hunted down the next. "Insulin is the hormone of feast," says Gary D. Foster, director of the center for obesity research and education at the Temple University School of Medicine in Philadelphia.

But nowadays, with food so plentiful that groups like Weight Watchers are making a fortune promoting portion control, our insulin is often forced to work overtime, sweeping up the excess carbohydrates we pour into our system from candy bars or fruit juice or starchy foods like pasta. Sometimes insulin can do such a good job of responding to a spike in blood sugar that it causes those levels to quickly drop. This in turn can lead to feelings of hunger shortly after a big meal. For this reason, many scientists think insulin‘s ride on the blood-sugar roller coaster may be a stimulus for overeating and, as a result, weight gain. It would be nice if there were an easy way to determine how aggressive your particular insulin response is, and now it appears there is.

In a study of 73 obese adults published last month in the Journal of the American Medical Association (J.A.M.A.), Dr. David Ludwig, director of the obesity program at the Children‘s Hospital Boston, and his colleagues looked at high- and low-insulin secretors. People who rapidly secrete a lot of insulin after eating a little bit of sugar tend to carry their excess weight around their waist—the so-called apple shape. People who secrete less insulin carry their excess fat around their hips—the pear shape. Those differences are more than aesthetic.Low-secreting, pear-shaped people will do equally well on either type of diet. But the results went deeper than simply how much weight was lost.

Over the course of six months, high-secreting, apple people lost an average of 6 kg on a low-glycemic diet and just 2.3 kg on a low-fat diet. Low-secreting, pear people lost about 4.5 kg on both diets. At the end of 18 months, however, the pear-shaped people had gained back half of the weight they had lost on either diet. Apple-shaped people gained back almost 1.4 of the 2.3 kg they lost on the low-fat diet but kept off all the weight they lost on the low-glycemic diet. While the study is revealing, almost nothing about it is simple. It‘s not clear just what the mechanism is that links body shape and insulin levels—a crucial detail if scientists are going to understand the full implications of their findings. More important, nothing suggests that apple-shaped people should simply dash out to sign up for an Atkins-type low-carbohydrate diet.

True, a large report published in J.A.M.A. earlier this year showed that regardless of body shape, Atkins produces the greatest short-term weight loss. ("If you want to look good in your wedding gown, I would go for Atkins," says Dr. Anastassios Pittas, assistant professor of medicine at Tufts University School of Medicine.) But adherents tend to fall off the low-carb wagon and quickly gain back unwanted kilograms. What‘s more, the Atkins diet allows only a small fraction of calories to come from carbs, compared with 40% on the new study‘s low-glycemic regimen. The more balanced diet allows—indeed, encourages—people to eat whole-grain cereals and other complex carbs that take longer to digest and thus don‘t cause the rapid fat production that accompanies spikes in blood sugar. Atkins‘ more restrictive regimen may reduce fat even faster, but people lose weight on both diets. "Atkins just does it with a bludgeon instead of a chisel," says Ludwig.

What‘s clearer from the study is that apple-shaped people should probably not choose low-fat diets, because the white rice or other types of simple carbs they are still allowed to eat may have a yo-yo effect on blood-sugar levels, making them hungrier sooner. The study didn‘t evaluate whether these people would do better on an Ornish-style vegetarian diet that restricts fat intake and has dieters make up the difference by eating lots of complex carbs, such as brown rice and oats—which are high in fiber and tend to make people feel fuller longer—as well as low-sugar fruits like blueberries.

For apple-shaped people hunting for the right diet, a blood test to determine insulin levels may help confirm which regimen will work best for them. But for pears, it remains a toss-up. So until scientists find out more about their body shape, they‘ll have to lose the old-fashioned way: eating less.

1. 研究指出，高胰島素和身材像蘋果的人，靠限制脂肪和熱量的飲食來(lái)減重，效果較以低血糖飲食減重差。(低血糖飲食是指限制由餅干和馬鈴薯等甜食和淀粉類食物獲得單純的碳水化合物)

2. A new research indicates that where on your body you pack on extra kilograms may provide a clue to determining which diet will work best for you.

3. People who rapidly secrete a lot of insulin after eating a little bit of sugar tend to carry their excess weight around their waist—the so-called apple shape. People who secrete less insulin carry their excess fat around their hips—the pear shape.

4. 何謂“溜溜球效應(yīng)”(yo-yo effect) 呢?簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō)，就是指體重像溜溜球一樣忽高忽低。因?yàn)轶w重的減輕是由流失水分開(kāi)始，然後是肌肉，最後才是脂肪。因此當(dāng)你在節(jié)/絕食這段過(guò)程中，身體會(huì)先消耗肌肉，而在你再度進(jìn)食後，身體會(huì)將食物轉(zhuǎn)化成脂肪來(lái)囤積，而這樣循環(huán)下去造成的效果，想減的脂肪沒(méi)減掉，反而越堆越多，而減掉的只是水分跟肌肉，自然就越減越肥了!這樣的減肥方法不但沒(méi)用，而且傷身(長(zhǎng)期飲食不均衡，回復(fù)飲食候更容易造成脂肪的堆積)，簡(jiǎn)直是「賠了夫人又折兵」!

托福閱讀真題及答案：隱私的保護(hù)

Introduction

隨著社會(huì)發(fā)展，人們?cè)絹?lái)越重視對(duì)隱私的保護(hù)?？梢钥吹街讣y掃描運(yùn)用到生活各個(gè)方面來(lái)保護(hù)我們的隱私，例如保險(xiǎn)柜，筆記本電腦等等。但是指紋掃描的運(yùn)用都可以保護(hù)大家的隱私么?中校方所期待的新技術(shù)就遭到家長(zhǎng)們的反對(duì)。。。Vocabulary n.指紋, 手印 vt.采指紋

學(xué)區(qū)

掃描器和掃描儀

廢棄：因?yàn)闊o(wú)用而丟掉;拋棄 plan was scrapped注意用法

v.不準(zhǔn)

v.拾落穗, 收集

n.受嚴(yán)格統(tǒng)治而失去人性的社會(huì)

詞匯都比較簡(jiǎn)單，建議泛讀

Article The lunch lines weren‘t moving fast enough for Linda Stoll, head of food programs at the Boulder Valley, Colo., school district. Because of that, kids had barely enough time to sit and eat before the lunch period was over. So, last year, Stoll began looking for ways to speed up the queue. She discovered that many students, especially kindergarteners, can‘t remember their six-digit ID number, which they‘re required to type into keypads at the end of lunch lines. She then found out that there was technology that would allow a scanner to identify a kid qualified for lunch with the swipe of a finger, moving him or her quickly along. It would help kids who regularly forget their lunch money, and it would potentially remove some of the stigma faced by children who receive special tickets for free or reduced lunch. She proposed the idea, believing it would be the perfect solution.

It turned out to be the perfect storm. Dozens of parents raised concerns about privacy. Many mentioned identity theft. Others expressed fear that immigrant children might be unfairly tracked by government. Eventually, Stoll‘s plan was scrapped.

Elementary and high school students in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and West Virginia use finger scans to pay for lunch — and even to check into class. But in many other states, the parental outcry about privacy has stopped the technology in its tracks. Michigan and Iowa have passed laws essentially barring schools from taking electronic fingerprints of children. Last month, Illinois enacted a law requiring schools to get parental consent before capturing an image of a child‘s finger.

Generally, student information collected by schools is protected by the federal government‘s privacy laws. So schools can‘t simply give away information gleaned from a student‘s fingerprint. Still, many parents and privacy law experts remain anxious about records accessible to companies managing a school‘s computer system — and whether that information can moved if that company is ever sold.

Americans have historically resisted fingerprints of any kind, associating them with law enforcement. "But through the back door, schools are making decisions that fly in the face of deeply held commitments to privacy by throwing on these kids fingerprint programs," says Helen Nissenbaum, a New York University professor of culture and communication who studies the intersection of technology and ethics.

Finger scanning is a type of biometric, or a form of identification. So is a person‘s voice, even odor, sweat pores and lips. It‘s not known how many schools use finger scans and other biometrics. But observers of the class="main">