初一初二英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)歸納總結(jié)有哪些
初一初二英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)歸納總結(jié)有哪些
初一初二的英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)很多，怎么樣才能更好的對(duì)它們進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)呢?請(qǐng)看下文，以下是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編分享給大家的初一初二英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)歸納總結(jié)，希望可以幫到你!
初一初二英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)歸納總結(jié)
1. The Simple Present Tense 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)最容易出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的地方是在第三人稱單數(shù)形式上。
everyone，everybody，no one，nobody，someone，somebody，nothing，everything，anything，以及none，each，every引導(dǎo)的名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。
例如：
Everyone is here. 大家都在這里。
No one knows his name. 沒(méi)有人知道他的名字。
2. The Present Continuous Tense 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)最容易出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的地方在動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式上，我們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候要特別注意不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化形式。
例如：
swimming，beginning，putting，taking，buying。
3. The Simple Future Tense 一般將來(lái)時(shí)
1) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來(lái)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常
與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：tomorrow，next week，next year等。其構(gòu)成為"助動(dòng)詞
will +動(dòng)詞原形"。
2) be going to 用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)中，表示"打算，準(zhǔn)備，將要……"。動(dòng)詞be 要隨著主語(yǔ)的人稱變
化而變化，后面要用動(dòng)詞的原形。
例如：
He is going to walk to school.
I am going to buy a new CD.
They are going to wash the dishes after dinner.
3) go，come，leave這三個(gè)詞一般不放在be going to 的后面，這三個(gè)動(dòng)詞如果要表示將來(lái)時(shí)，要直接
用be+ going/ coming/ leaving 的形式。
例如：
They are leaving Beijing tonight.
The teacher is coming.
We are going to the Great Wall next Saturday.
4.The Simple Past Tense一般過(guò)去時(shí)
一般過(guò)去時(shí)最明顯的現(xiàn)象就是常由表達(dá)過(guò)去時(shí)間的副詞或副詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾它。
這些常用于修飾一般過(guò)去時(shí)的副詞有：yesterday，yesterday morning(afternoon，evening)，just now(剛才)，before(以前)，then (at that time)(當(dāng)時(shí))，last + 時(shí)間 (如 last week，month，year，Monday，… January，… spring，…，etc.)，that + 時(shí)間 (如 that day，afternoon，summer，…，etc.)，時(shí)間 + ago (如 a few minutes ago，two weeks ago，years ago，… etc.)
5.動(dòng)詞的常用搭配形式
let sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事
It's time to do sth. 到了該做某事的時(shí)間。
want to do sth. 想做某事
Would you like to do sth?你愿意做某事嗎?
help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事
like doing sth 喜歡做某事
stop doing sth. 別做……了 stop to do sth. 停下來(lái)去做某事
finish doing sth. 結(jié)束做某事
Why not do sth. 為什么不……?
had better do sth 最好做某事
enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事
What about doing sth? 做……怎么樣?
need to do sth. 需要做某事
Thank you for doing sth. 謝謝你……
tell sb. to do sth. 告訴某人做某事
be busy doing sth. 忙著做某事
ask sb. to do sth. 請(qǐng)某人做某事 / 要求某人做某事
初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法歸納之句型結(jié)構(gòu)
一、接不定式(而不接動(dòng)名詞)作賓語(yǔ)的24個(gè)常用動(dòng)詞
afford to do sth. 負(fù)擔(dān)得起做某事
agree to do sth. 同意做某事
arrange to do sth.安排做某事
ask to do sth. 要求做某事
beg to do sth. 請(qǐng)求做某事
care to do sth. 想要做某事
choose to do sth. 決定做某事
decide to do sth. 決定做某事
demand to do sth. 要求做某事
determine to do sth. 決心做某事
expect to do sth. 期待做某事
fear to do sth. 害怕做某事
help to do sth. 幫助做某事
hope to do sth. 希望做某事
learn to do sth. 學(xué)習(xí)做某事
manage to do sth. 設(shè)法做某事
offer to do sth. 主動(dòng)提出做某事
plan to do sth. 計(jì)劃做某事
prepare to do sth. 準(zhǔn)備做某事
pretend to do sth. 假裝做某事
promise to do sth. 答應(yīng)做某事
refuse to do sth. 拒絕做某事
want to do sth. 想要做某事
wish to do sth. 希望做某事
注：有些不及物動(dòng)詞后習(xí)慣上也接不定式，不接動(dòng)名詞：
aim to do sth. 打算做某事
fail to do sth. 未能做某事
long to do sth. 渴望做某事
happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事
hesitate to do sth. 猶豫做某事
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
二、接不定式作賓補(bǔ)的36個(gè)常用動(dòng)詞
advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事
allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事
ask sb. to do sth.請(qǐng)(叫)某人做某事
bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事
beg sb. to do sth. 請(qǐng)求某人做某事
cause sb. to do sth. 導(dǎo)致某人做某事
command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
drive sb. to do sth .驅(qū)使某人做某事
elect sb. to do sth. 選舉某人做某事
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵(lì)某人做某事
expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事
forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事
force sb. to do sth. 強(qiáng)迫某人做某事
get sb. to do sth. 使(要)某人做某事
hate sb. to do sth. 討厭某人做某事
help sb. to do sth. 幫助某人做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事
invite sb. to do sth. 邀請(qǐng)某人做某事
leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事
like sb. to do sth. 喜歡某人做某事
mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事
need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事
oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事
order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
permit sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事
persuade sb. to do sth. 說(shuō)服某人做某事
prefer sb. to do sth. 寧愿某人做某事
request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事
tell sb. to do sth. 告訴某人做某事
train sb. to do sth. 訓(xùn)練某人做某事
trouble sb. to do sth. 麻煩某人做某事
want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事
wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
注：不要受漢語(yǔ)意思的影響而誤用以下動(dòng)詞句型：
漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)：“害怕某人做某事”，
但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō)fear sb. to do sth.。
漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)：“原諒某人做某事”，
但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō)excuse [forgive] sb. to do sth.。
漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)：“拒絕某人做某事”，
但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō)refuse sb. to do sth.。
漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)：“懲罰某人做某事”，
但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō)punish sb. to do sth.。
漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)：“建議某人做某事”，
但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō)suggest [propose] sb. to do sth.。
漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)：“贊成某人做某事”，
但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō)approve sb. to do sth.。
漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)：“通知某人做某事”，
但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō)inform sb. to do sth.。
漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)：“歡迎某人做某事”，
但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō)welcome sb. to do sth.。
漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)：“堅(jiān)持某人做某事”，
但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō)insist [persist] sb. to do sth.。
漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)：“希望某人做某事”，
但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō)hope sb. to do sth.。
漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)：“安排某人做某事”，
但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō)arrange sb. to do sth.。
漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)：“要求某人做某事”，
但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō)demand sb. to do sth.。
漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)：“感謝某人做某事”，
但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō)thank sb. to do sth.。
漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)：“祝賀某人做某事”，
但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō)congratulate sb. to do sth.。
漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)：“阻止某人做某事”，
但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō)prevent sb. to do sth.。
要表示以上意思，可換用其他表達(dá)：
漢語(yǔ)的“原諒某人做某事”，
英語(yǔ)可說(shuō)成excuse [forgive] sb. for doing sth.。
漢語(yǔ)的“希望某人做某事”，
英語(yǔ)可說(shuō)成wish sb. to do sth.。
漢語(yǔ)的“建議某人做某事”，
英語(yǔ)可說(shuō)成advise sb. to do sth.。
漢語(yǔ)的“安排某人做某事”，
英語(yǔ)可說(shuō)成arrange for sb. to do sth.。
漢語(yǔ)的“要求某人做某事”，
英語(yǔ)可說(shuō)成demand of sb. to do sth.。
漢語(yǔ)的“感謝某人做某事”，
英語(yǔ)可說(shuō)成thank sb. for doing sth.。
漢語(yǔ)的“祝賀某人做某事”，
英語(yǔ)可說(shuō)成congratulate sb. on doing sth.。
漢語(yǔ)的“阻止某人做某事”，
英語(yǔ)可說(shuō)成prevent sb. from doing sth.。
三、接動(dòng)名詞(不接不定式)作賓語(yǔ)的34個(gè)常用動(dòng)詞
admit doing sth. 承認(rèn)做某事
advise doing sth. 建議做某事
allow doing sth. 允許做某事
appreciate doing sth. 感激做某事
avoid doing sth. 避免做某事
consider doing sth. 考慮做某事
delay doing sth. 推遲做某事
deny doing sth. 否認(rèn)做某事
discuss doing sth. 討論做某事
dislike doing sth. 不喜歡做某事
enjoy doing sth. 喜愛(ài)做某事
escape doing sth. 逃脫做某事
excuse doing sth. 原諒做某事
fancy doing sth. 設(shè)想做某事
finish doing sth. 完成做某事
forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事
forgive doing sth. 原諒做某事
give up doing sth. 放棄做某事
imagine doing sth. 想象做某事
keep doing sth. 保持做某事
mention doing sth. 提及做某事
mind doing sth. 介意做某事
miss doing sth. 錯(cuò)過(guò)做某事
pardon doing sth. 原諒做某事
permit doing sth. 允許做某事
practice doing sth. 練習(xí)做某事
prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事
prohibit doing sth. 禁止做某事
put off doing sth. 推遲做某事
report doing sth. 報(bào)告做某事
risk doing sth. 冒險(xiǎn)做某事
stop doing sth. 停止做某事
suggest doing sth. 建議做某事
understand doing sth. 理解做某事
初中英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)、詞組、重點(diǎn)句型歸納
1.either…or, neither…nor 和 both…andeither…or, neither…nor 和 both…and 都是并列連詞詞組。
either…or 和 neither…nor 連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上必須與后面的主語(yǔ)保持一致;both…and 連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。either…or 意為“或者……或者”、“要么……要么”;neither…nor 意為“既不……也不”;both…and 意為“兩者都”。There were either too big or too small.他們要么太大了，要么太小了。Either you or I am right.要么你對(duì)，要么我對(duì)。Neither you nor he has been there.你和他都沒(méi)去過(guò)那里。Both John and Ann have got pen-friends.約翰和安都有筆友。He speaks both English and French.他講英語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)。
2.make sure, be sure
(1)make sure 意為“確保;確信;查明”，后面常接賓語(yǔ)從句及由 of 引起的短語(yǔ)。Make sure (that) he comes at once.一定叫他馬上來(lái)。You’d better make sure of time.你最好查明時(shí)間。Make sure of it before you start out.出發(fā)前查明這件事。
(2)be sure 意為“肯定;確定”， be sure 后可跟不定式或“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”，構(gòu)成 be sure to do, be not sure whether to do 結(jié)構(gòu)，要注意“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”一般用在否定句中。be sure 后還可跟從句，肯定句后跟 that 從句，否定句后跟 if /whether 從句。He is sure to come.他肯定會(huì)來(lái)。I’m not sure whether to go there/when to leave.我不確定是否要去哪兒/何時(shí)離開(kāi)。I’m sure that I can run faster than you.我確定自己比你跑得快。I’m not sure whether they can finish the job on time.我不確定他們是否能及時(shí)完成工程。Be sure to come to our party if you have time.如果有時(shí)間的話一定要來(lái)參加我們的聚會(huì)。Be sure to finish it as soon as possible.請(qǐng)務(wù)必盡快完成。
3.late,lately,later,latest
(1)late可作形容詞或副詞，意為“遲(的);晚(的)”。He often comes late for school.他上學(xué)常遲到。They were late for the film.他們看電影遲到了。
(2)lately 是副詞，意為“最近;近來(lái)”相當(dāng)于recently,常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。I haven’t heard from him lately.我最近沒(méi)收到他的來(lái)信。
(3)later為late的比較級(jí)，意為“較遲的(地)”。另外，還可用作副詞，意為“后來(lái)”。He goes home later than anybody .他回家比誰(shuí)都晚。See you later .回頭見(jiàn)。
(4)latest為late的最高級(jí)，意為“最遲的(地)”;也相當(dāng)于newest,意為“最新的”。I go to bed latest in the family.我是家里睡覺(jué)最遲的。Here is the latest news from abroad.下面是來(lái)自國(guó)外的最新消息。
4.sick,ill
(1)sick和ill都有“患病”之意，都可以作表語(yǔ)，美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中常用sick作表語(yǔ)。英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中常用ill作表語(yǔ)。His mother is ill.(英國(guó)用法)他的母親生病了。His mother is sick.(美國(guó)用法)
(2)但用在名詞前作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，英國(guó)英語(yǔ)、美國(guó)英語(yǔ)均用sick而不能用ill.He is looking after his sick mother.他在照顧生病的母親.
5.would like,feel likefeel like和would like 都表示“想要干某事”。
(1)feel like 中的like是介詞,后跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞.如:I feel like sleeping/taking a walk.我想睡/散步。I don’t feel like walking very much today.今天我不想走太多的路了。Do you feel like having something to eat?你想要點(diǎn)東西吃嗎?I feel like a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。I feel like some fish and chips for supper.晚飯我想吃些魚(yú)和土豆條。It’s so hot. I feel like a swim.天真熱，我想去游泳。
(2)would like 中的like 是動(dòng)詞，后跟不定式或名詞。如：What would you like to do now ?你現(xiàn)在想做什么?I would like to have dinner with you.我想和你一起吃飯。I would like to talk to you for a minute .我想和你談一下。Would you like some help?你需要幫助嗎?
6.cause, reason
(1)cause是造成一種事實(shí)或現(xiàn)象的“原因”。后接介詞of.如：Carelessness is the usual cause of fire.造成火災(zāi)的原因通常是不謹(jǐn)慎。Heat is the cause of the expansion of matter.熱是物體膨脹的原因。
(2)reason是說(shuō)明一種看法或行為的“理由”。后接介詞for.如：You must tell him the reason why you won’t accept his offer.你必須告訴他你為何拒絕他的提議。
7.get through, go through
(1)get through 和 go through 表示“通過(guò)(某地、議案等);用完”時(shí)可互換使用。The man was so fat that he couldn’t get/go through the door。那人胖得連那扇門(mén)都過(guò)不去。The plan for this term will have to get/go through the leading group of the school。本學(xué)期計(jì)劃得經(jīng)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子通過(guò)。I have got/gone through three pairs of shoes in a month..這一個(gè)月內(nèi)我穿壞了三雙鞋。
(2)get through 和 go through又各有其意義：get through :通過(guò)考試;接通電話I got through everything except English .除英語(yǔ)外我別的都極格了。I can’t get through to Beijing.The line is busy.我打不通北京的電話，占線。go through:檢查;看一遍;經(jīng)歷(困難，痛苦)I went through my homework to make sure that nothing had been missed.我將作業(yè)檢查了一遍，以確定什么都沒(méi)有漏掉。Go through the text from the beginning .把課文從頭看一遍。She must have gone through a lot.她一定吃了不少苦。
8.manage to do, try to do ,try doing
(1)manage to do 意為“設(shè)法做成了某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)其結(jié)果是成功的。The firefighters managed to put out the fire at last.消防隊(duì)員們終于設(shè)法撲滅了大火。He managed to do the operation with very little help.在沒(méi)有多少幫助的情況下，他設(shè)法把手術(shù)做成功了。
(2)try to do意為“盡力做某事”。如：You have to try to write every word neatly and correctly 。你得盡力把每個(gè)字寫(xiě)得既清楚又準(zhǔn)確。He tried to open the door,but he couldn’t . 他想把門(mén)打開(kāi)，但未能做到。
9.loving,lovely,lovable
(1)loving意為“愛(ài)慕的;鐘情的;深情的。”He gave her a loving kiss.他給了她一個(gè)深情的吻。
(2)lovely 意為“可愛(ài)的，美麗的;迷人的”。The house has many large rooms and there is a lovely garden.這幢房子有很多大房間，并有一個(gè)惹人喜愛(ài)的花園。
(3)lovable 意為“可愛(ài)的，惹人愛(ài)的”。多形容人或動(dòng)物。有時(shí)可以與lovely互換。She is a lovable child.她是個(gè)可愛(ài)的孩子。It is a lovable kitten.它是一只可愛(ài)的小貓。
10.appear,seem
(1)兩者用法基本相同,都可作”看起來(lái)(好像)……”講,后面可跟形容詞,分詞，名詞，不定式或that從句。It appears/seems that he will win the prize.看來(lái)他要獲獎(jiǎng)了。
(2)seem可跟隨as if 從句，而appear不能，appear強(qiáng)調(diào)外表上給人某種 印象，有時(shí)含有實(shí)質(zhì)上并非如此之意;而seem則暗示判斷有一定根據(jù)，這種判斷往往接近事實(shí).At that time, it seemed as if I couldn’t think of the right word anyhow.當(dāng)時(shí)，我似乎怎么也想不出一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅蹃?lái)。His health seems to have grown better.他的健康似乎有所好轉(zhuǎn)。He seems to be sick, for he appears pale. 看樣子他病了，因?yàn)樗嫔雌饋?lái)很蒼白。He appears to know more than he really does.他看起來(lái)好像懂得很多，其實(shí)懂得沒(méi)有那么多。
11.speak, talk,say,tell
(1)speak強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話的能力、方式和對(duì)象，不強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話的內(nèi)容，常以某種語(yǔ)言作賓語(yǔ)，作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常見(jiàn)搭配有：speak of sth./sb.“談到某事，某人”，speak to sb.“與某人說(shuō)話”。Can you speak French?你會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)嗎?Whom did you speak to just now?你剛剛在跟誰(shuí)說(shuō)話?
(2)talk 是不及物動(dòng)詞，著重強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)人之間的相互說(shuō)話，常見(jiàn)詞組有：talk with sb.和某人談話 talk about sb./sth談?wù)撃橙?、某?talk of 談到 talk to sb與某人談話She is talking with Mark in French.她正跟馬克用法語(yǔ)交談。We are talking about our summer holiday.我們?cè)谡務(wù)撌罴佟?
(3)say 一般作及物動(dòng)詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話的內(nèi)容。What did you say just now?你剛剛說(shuō)了什么?Let’s go and say hello to him.讓我們?nèi)ハ蛩麊?wèn)個(gè)好吧(4)tell常作及物動(dòng)詞，表示“講述，告訴”，后面常跟隨雙賓語(yǔ)，即tell sb.sth..還可用在tell of sb./sth.中。I will tell you the truth tomorrow.我明天將告訴你實(shí)情。He often tells of his sister.他經(jīng)常談到他的姐姐。
12.occur, happen, take place 的區(qū)別都表示發(fā)生，都是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，也不能把過(guò)去分詞用來(lái)作形容詞。
(1)happen往往還有“偶然”或“未能預(yù)見(jiàn)”的意思。I didn’t buy it, because it happened that I had no money on me.我沒(méi)買(mǎi)那東西，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)碰巧身上沒(méi)帶錢(qián)。
(2)occur有時(shí)按計(jì)劃使某些事或結(jié)果“發(fā)生”，有時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“呈現(xiàn)”于人的知覺(jué)、心腦。It didn’t seem to have occurred to him that the masses, once mobilized, could work greater wonders than any individual could dream of .他仿佛沒(méi)有想到群眾一旦動(dòng)員起來(lái)，可以做出任何人所夢(mèng)想不到的奇跡
(3)take place可指事件“發(fā)生”，但更常用表示“舉行”。The meeting took place in the great auditorium. 會(huì)議在大禮堂里舉行。
13.carry, bring, take, fetch, get的區(qū)別
(1)carry指隨身攜帶，不特別表示帶到什么地方，而攜帶的方式是提、扛、背、抬等。He was carrying a wooden box on his shoulder. 他肩膀上扛著一個(gè)木箱。
(2)bring指從別處把東西拿來(lái)，其后可跟雙賓語(yǔ)、直接賓語(yǔ)，也可以是抽象名詞。Please bring me a new pencil. 請(qǐng)給我拿支新鉛筆來(lái)。
(3)take指把東西從說(shuō)話人這兒帶到別處去，同bring方向正好相反。The monkey took the tiger to a big river. 猴子把老虎帶到大河邊。
(4)fetch和get意思差不多，指去別處拿來(lái)，等于go and bring, 表示一往一返。get常用于口語(yǔ)。Let’s fetch some water. 咱們?nèi)ゴ螯c(diǎn)水來(lái)。
14.laugh, smile的區(qū)別
(1) laugh指一般的笑，或出聲大笑。He laughed loudly when he heard what I said. 他聽(tīng)見(jiàn)我說(shuō)的話之后，放聲大笑。
(2)smile 指無(wú)聲地“微笑”。We can see from far that our guests are smiling and waving at us.從遠(yuǎn)處我們可以看見(jiàn)我們的客人在向我們微笑，在向我們揮手。
15.almost, nearly 的區(qū)別
(1)almost = very nearly都表示“幾乎，差不多”，?？赏ㄓ?。It’s almost / nearly two o’clock, 差不多兩點(diǎn)了。He fell off a tree and almost / nearly died. 他從樹(shù)上摔下，險(xiǎn)些喪命。解析：從實(shí)際事實(shí)角度講，almost比nearly的“差距”更小。從說(shuō)話人的心理角度講，nearly暗含“仍有差距”，almost暗含“似無(wú)差別”比如上面的例句。第一句用almost 比nearly反映出實(shí)際時(shí)間更接近two o’clock, 但用almost時(shí)反映出說(shuō)話人的心理活動(dòng)是“還差一點(diǎn)才到整兩點(diǎn)”。若用nearly則心理活動(dòng)是“可以說(shuō)已到整兩點(diǎn)”。第二句也是這樣。用almost的心理活動(dòng)是“仍活著”，用nearly是“快死了”。可以看出心理角度的不同決定著對(duì)二者的選用。
(2)almost和nearly可以互換的場(chǎng)合。I.在肯定句中。I’m almost / nearly 90 years old. 我差不多快90歲了。She fell and almost / nearly broke her neck. 我跌倒了，頸骨險(xiǎn)些骨折。II.修飾all, every, always等時(shí)。I almost / nearly always go to bed at eleven. 我差不多總是11點(diǎn)鐘上床睡覺(jué)。III.在行為動(dòng)詞的否定式前。He almost / nearly didn’t hear what I said. 他幾乎未聽(tīng)見(jiàn)我講了些什么。
(3)只能使用almost 的場(chǎng)合。I.修飾no, none, never, any 以及no 和any的合成詞。I have almost nothing to do today. 我今天幾乎什么都沒(méi)做。This word is to be found in almost any dictionary.這個(gè)詞幾乎在任何一本詞典中都能查到。This is almost none left. 幾乎沒(méi)有人走。II.修飾表示感覺(jué)或心境的動(dòng)詞和形容詞。You could almost imagine you were on Switzerland. 你幾乎可以設(shè)想你在瑞士。I almost think you’re right. 我還不完全相信你是對(duì)的。III.修飾move than和too.That’s almost too much.那簡(jiǎn)直太過(guò)分了。注意：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不是行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，almost不與not 連用。
(4)只能用nearly的場(chǎng)合，被very, not, pretty所修飾時(shí)。I’m not nearly ready. 我還沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好。I know pretty nearly all the secrets of her married life.她的婚姻生活的秘密我?guī)缀跞恐?。注意：not nearly = far from, much less than. 差得遠(yuǎn)，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。There’s not nearly enough money for a new car. 買(mǎi)一部新車(chē)的錢(qián)，還差得很遠(yuǎn)。I.表示快要做什么事，但后來(lái)“沒(méi)有做”或“避開(kāi)不做時(shí)”。
We nearly called to see you last Saturday. 我們上星期六差點(diǎn)來(lái)看你。
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