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學(xué)習(xí)啦 > 學(xué)習(xí)方法 > 通用學(xué)習(xí)方法 > 復(fù)習(xí)方法 > 初一到初三英語語法知識點歸納(2)

初一到初三英語語法知識點歸納(2)

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初一到初三英語語法知識點歸納

  21. listen to

  22. not…at all

  23. put…away

  24. take off

  25. throw it like that

  26. would like

  27. in the middle of the day

  28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening

  29. on a farm

  30. in a factory

  II. 重要句型

  1. Let sb. do sth.

  2. Could sb. do sth.?

  3. would like sth.

  4. would like to do sth.

  5. What about something to eat?

  6. How do you spell …?

  7. May I borrow…?

  III. 交際用語

  1. —Thanks very much!

  —You're welcome.

  2. Put it/them away.

  3. What's wrong?

  4. I think so.

  I don't think so.

  5. I want to take some books to the classroom.

  6. Give me a bottle of orange juice, please.

  Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK.

  9. What's your favourite sport?

  10. Don't worry.

  11.I’m (not) good at basketball.

  12. Do you want a go?

  13. That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right.

  14. Do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries?

  Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

  15. We / They have some CDs.

  We / They don’t have any CDs.

  16. ---What day is it today / tomorrow?

  ---It’s Monday.

  17. ---May I borrow your colour pens, please?

  ---Certainly. Here you are.

  18. ---Where are you from?

  ---From Beijing.

  19. What's your telephone number in New York?

  20. ---Do you like hot dogs?

  ---Yes, I do. ( A little. / A lot. / Very much.)

  ---No, I don't. ( I don't like them at all.)

  21. ---What does your mother like?

  ---She likes dumplings and vegetables very much.

  22. ---When do you go to school every day?

  ---I go to school at 7:00 every day.

  23. ---What time does he go to bed in the evening?

  ---He goes to bed at 10:00.

  IV. 重要語法

  1.人稱代詞的用法;

  2. 祈使句;

  3. 現(xiàn)在進行時的構(gòu)成和用法;

  4.動詞have的用法;

  5.一般現(xiàn)在時構(gòu)成和用法;

  6.可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的構(gòu)成和用法

  【名師講解】

  1. That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right.

  That’s right意為“對的”,表示贊同對方的意見、看法或行為,肯定對方的答案或判斷。例如:

  "I think we must help the old man.""我想我們應(yīng)該幫助這位老人。"

  "That's right."或 "You're right.""說得對"。

  That’s all right.意為“不用謝”、“沒關(guān)系”,用來回答對方的致謝或道歉。例如:

  "Many thanks." "That's all right."

  "Sorry. It's broken." "That's all right."

  All right.意為“行了”、“可以”,表示同意對方的建議或要求。有時還可以表示“身體很好”

  "Please tell me about it." "請把此事告訴我。"

  "All right.""好吧。"

  Is your mother all right?你媽身體好嗎

  2. make/do

  這兩個詞都可以解釋為“做”,但含義卻不同,不能混用。make指做東西或制東西,do指做一件具體的事。

  Can you make a paper boat for me? 你能為我做個紙船嗎?

  He’s doing his homework now.他正在做他的作業(yè)。

  3. say/speak/talk/tell

  say:是最口語化的最普通的一個詞,意為“說出”、“說道”,著重所說的話。如:

  “I want to go there by bus” , he said . 他說,“我要坐汽車到那里去。”

  Please say it in English .請用英語說。

  speak : “說話”,著重開口發(fā)聲,不著重所說的內(nèi)容,一般用作不及物動詞 (即后面不能直接接賓語 ) 。如:

  Can you speak about him? 你能不能說說他的情況?

  I don’t like to speak like this. 我不喜歡這樣說話。

  speak 作及物動詞解時,只能和某種語言等連用,表達在對話中恰當使用詞匯的能力。如:

  She speaks English well.她英語說得好。

  talk : 與 speak 意義相近,也著重說話的動作,而不著重所說的話,因此,一般也只用作不及物動詞, 不過,talk 暗示話是對某人說的,有較強的對話意味,著重指連續(xù)地和別人談話。如:

  I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他談那件事。

  Old women like to talk with children.老年婦女喜歡和孩子們交談。

  tell : “告訴”,除較少情況外,一般后面總接雙賓語。如:

  He’s telling me a story.他在給我講故事。

  tell a lie 撒謊

  tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth.

  Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.

  4. do cooking/ do the cooking

  do cooking 作“做飯”解,屬泛指。do the cooking 特指某一頓飯或某一家人的飯。cooking為動名詞,不能用作復(fù)數(shù),但前面可用 some, much修飾。從do some cooking可引出許多類似的短語:

  do some washing 洗些衣服

  do some shopping 買些東西

  do some reading 讀書

  do some writing 寫些東西

  do some fishing 釣魚

  從以上短語可引申出另一類短語,不能用some, much或定冠詞。

  go shopping 去買東西

  go fishing 去釣魚

  go boating 去劃船

  go swimming 去游泳

  5. like doing sth./ like to do sth.

  like doing sth. 與like to do sth. 意思相同,但用法有區(qū)別。前者強調(diào)一般性的愛好或者表示動作的習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常性;后來表示一次性和偶然性的動作。例如:

  He likes playing football, but he doesn‘t like to play football with Li Ming.

  他喜歡踢足球,但是他不喜歡和李明踢。

  6. other/ others/ the other/ another

  other表其余的,別的,

  Have you any other questions?你還有其他問題嗎?

  others 別的人,別的東西

  In the room some people are American, the others are French.在屋子里一些人是

  美國人,其他的是法國人。

  the other表另一個(二者之中)one…,the other…

  One of my two brothers studies English,  the other studies Chinese.

  我兩個哥哥中的一個學(xué)習(xí)英文,另一個學(xué)中文。

  another表三者以上的另一個,另一些

  There is room for another few books on the shelf.書架上還可以放點書。

  7. in the tree/ on the tree

  in the tree 與 on the tree.譯成中文均為"在樹上"但英語中有區(qū)別。in the tree表示某人、某事(不屬于樹本身生長出的別的東西)落在樹上,表示樹的枝、葉、花、果等長在樹上時,要使用on the tree.如:

  There are some apples on the tree. 那棵樹上有些蘋果。

  There is a bird in the tree. 那棵樹上有只鳥。

  8. some/ any

  (1)some和 any既可修飾可數(shù)名詞,也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。但有以下兩點需要

  注意。

  some常用于肯定句中,any常用于否定句和疑問句中。如:

  There is some water in the glass.

  Is there any water in the glass?

  There isn't any water in the glass.

  (2)在說話者希望得到肯定答復(fù)的一般疑問句中,或在表示請求,邀請的疑問句中,我們依然用some。如:

  Would you like some tea?

  9. tall/ high

  (1)說人,動物,樹木等有生命的東西,主要用tall,不用high,例如

  a tall woman 一個高個子婦女

  a tall horse 一個高大的馬

  (2)說一個不與地面接觸的人和物的高時,要用high,而不用tall,比如人站在桌子上時,飛機飛上天時,例如:

  He is high up in the tree. 他高高地爬在樹上。

  The plane is so high in the sky. 飛機在空中這么高。

  (3)指建筑物、山時要tall或high都可以,不過high的程度比tall高。

  (4)high可作副詞,tall不能。

  (5)tall的反義詞為short, high的反義詞為low.

  10. can/ could

  (1) can表示體力和腦力方面的能力,或根據(jù)客觀條件能做某種動作的"能力

  "。例如:

  Can you ride a bike? 你會騎自行車嗎?

  What can I do for you? 要幫忙嗎?

  Can you make a cake?你會做蛋糕嗎?

  (2) can用在否定句和疑問句中時有時表示說話人的"懷疑""猜測"或不肯定。例如:

  Where can he be?他會在什么地方呢?

  Can the news be true?這個消息會是真的嗎?

  It surely can't be six o'clock already?不可能已經(jīng)六點鐘了吧?

  You can't be hungry so soon,Tom,you've just had lunch.湯姆,你不可能餓得這么快,你剛吃過午飯。

  What can he mean?他會是什么意思?

  在日常會話中,can可代替may表示"允許",may比較正式。例如:

  You can come in any time.你隨時都可以來。

  --- Can I use your pen?我能用你的鋼筆嗎?

  --- Of course,you can.當然可以。

  You can have my seat,I'm going now.我要走了,你坐我的座位吧。

  (3) could

  could 是 can的過去式,表示過去有過的能力和可能性(在否定和疑問句中)。例如:

  The doctor said he could help him.(能力)醫(yī)生說他能幫助他。

  Lily could swim when she was four years old.(能力)

  當麗麗四歲的時候她就會游泳。

  At that time we thought the story could be true.(可能性)

  那時我們以為所說的可能是真的。

  could可代替can表示現(xiàn)在時間的動作,但語氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)。例如:

  Could I speak to John,please?我能和約翰說話嗎?

  Could you?在口語中表示請求對方做事。例如:

  Could you wait half an hour?請你等半個小時好嗎?

  Could you please ring again at six?六點鐘請你再打電話好嗎?

  (4) can的形式

  只有現(xiàn)在式can和過去式could兩種形式。能表示一般現(xiàn)在和一般過去兩種時態(tài),有時也能表示將來。所有其他時態(tài)(包括將來時)須用be able to加動詞不定式來表示。例如:

  They have not been able to come to Beijing.

  他們沒有能到北京來。

  11. look for/ find

  look for 意為“尋找”,而find意為“找到,發(fā)現(xiàn)”,前者強調(diào)“找”這一動作,并不注重“找”的結(jié)果,而后者則強調(diào)“找”的結(jié)果。例如:

  She can’t find her ruler. 她找不到她的尺子啦。

  Tom is looking for his watch,but he can’t find it.湯姆正在尋找他的手表,但沒能找到。

  12. be sleeping/ be asleep

  be sleeping 表示動作,意思是“正在睡覺”;be asleep 表示狀態(tài),意思是“睡著了”。如:

  ---What are the children doing in the room? 孩子們在房間里做什么?

  ---They are sleeping.他們正在睡覺。

  The children are asleep now.現(xiàn)在孩子們睡著了。

  13. often/ usually/sometimes

  often表示"經(jīng)常",sometimes表示"有時候",在表示發(fā)生頻率上often要高于usually,usually要高于sometimes。這三個詞表示的是經(jīng)常性,一般性的動作或情況,常與一般現(xiàn)在時連用,常位于主要謂語動詞的前面,其他謂語動詞(be動詞,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞)的后面,有時也可位于句尾。如果要加強語氣,則放在句首。

  We usually play basketball after school.我們通常放學(xué)后打籃球。

  Sometimes I go to bed early.有時,我睡覺很早。

  He often reads English in the morning.他經(jīng)常在早晨讀英語。

  14. How much/ How many

  how much常用來詢問某一商品的價格,常見句式是How much is / are…?

  How much is the skirt? 這條裙子多少錢?

  How much are the bananas? 這些香蕉多少錢?

  how much后加不可數(shù)名詞,表示數(shù)量,意為“多少“,how many后加可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。

  How much meat do you want? 你要多少肉呀?

  How many students are there in your class? 你們班有多少人?

  15. be good for/ be good to/ be good at

  be good for 表示"對……有好處",而be bad for表示"對……有害";be good to表示"對……友好",而be bad to表示"對……不好";be good at表示"擅長,在……方面做得好",而be bad at表示"在……方面做得不好"。

  Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操對你的眼睛有好處。

  Eating too much is bad for you health.吃的太多對你的身體有害。

  Miss Li is good to all of us.李老師對我們所有的人都很友好。

  The boss is bad to his workers.這個老板對他的工人不好。

  Li Lei is good at drawing, but I'm bad at it.李雷擅長畫畫,但是我不擅長。

  16. each/ every

  each 和every都有"每一個"的意思,但含義和用法不相同。each從個體著眼,every從整體著眼。each 可用于兩者或兩者以上,every只用于三者或三者以上。

  We each have a new book.

  我們每人各有一本新書。

  There are trees on each side of the street.

  街的兩旁有樹。

  He gets up early every morning.

  每天早晨他都起得早。

  each可以用作形容詞、副詞和代詞;every只能用作形容詞。

  Each of them has his own duty.

  他們各人有各人的義務(wù)。

  They each want to do something different.

  他們每個人都想做不同的事情。

  17. 一般現(xiàn)在時/現(xiàn)在進行時

  一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性的或習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài),也表示說話者的能力,還有自然現(xiàn)象;而現(xiàn)在進行時表示正在進行或發(fā)生的動作(構(gòu)成方式為am/is /are/+doing)。

  I do my homework in the evening.

  我在晚上做作業(yè)。

  I'm doing my homework now.

  我現(xiàn)在正在做作業(yè)。

  現(xiàn)在進行時常與now, these days, at the moment 或Look, listen等詞連用;而一般現(xiàn)在時常與often, always, sometimes, usually, every day, in the morning, on Mondays等連用。

  We often clean the classroom after school.

  我們經(jīng)常放學(xué)后打掃教室。

  Look! They are cleaning the classroom .

  看!他們正在打掃教室呢。

  【考點掃描】

  中考考點在本單元主要集中在:

  1.動詞一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進行時的用法,人稱代詞的用法,可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)

  名詞的構(gòu)成和用法。

  2.本冊書中常見的交際用語

  3.本冊書中一些重點的詞組和短語

  考試形式往往是單項填空、完形填空、短文改錯和短文填空。

  【中考范例】

  1.(2004年安徽省中考試題)

  ---Hurry up! We’re all waiting for you.

  ---I ________ for an important phone call. Go without me.

  A. wait B. was waiting C. am waiting D. waited

  【解析】答案:C。表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作,用現(xiàn)在進行時。

  2. (2004年長春市中考試題)

  Could you help ____ with _______ English, please?

  A. I, my B. me, me C. me, my D. my, I

  【解析】答案:C。第一個空作賓語,應(yīng)用人稱代詞的賓格me, 第二個空作定語,應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞my。

  3.(2004年長春市中考試題)

  Dr. White can _______ French very well.

  A. speak B. talk C. say D. tell

  【解析】答案:A。說什麼語言常用動詞speak。

  4.(2004年黃岡中考試題)

  English is spoken by ______ people.

  A. a lot B. much many C. a large number of D. a great deal of

  【解析】答案:C。只有a large number of 能用來修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞people。

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