初中冠詞的用法歸納總結(jié)
說到冠詞,大家一定會(huì)想到a 、an和the,實(shí)際上,冠詞就是指這三兄弟。為了讓大家更好的學(xué)習(xí)初中冠詞,以下是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編分享給大家的初中冠詞的用法歸納,希望可以幫到你!
初中冠詞的用法歸納
1、不定冠詞的基本用法:
(1)不定冠詞有a和an兩種:a用于輔音音素開頭的詞前,例如:a dog, an用于元音音素開頭的詞前,例如:an apple;
(2)用來表示“—”的意思,但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)的觀念,只說明名詞為不特定者。即不具體說明是何人何物。例如:She picked up a book and began to read.
(3)不定冠詞含有“—”的意思,但數(shù)量觀念沒有one強(qiáng)烈,在句子里邊一般可以不必譯出,但若有“一個(gè)”的意思則譯出,
(4)一般用在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前,指人或事物的某一種類。例如:I am a nurse.
(5)用在某些固定詞組中,如have a rest,a few,a lot 等。
2、定冠詞的用法:
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。
(2)指雙方都知道的人或事物,例如:Open the door,please.
(3)指上文提到的人或事物。
(4)用在世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前。例如:The sun is bigger than the moon.太陽比月亮大些。
(5)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前。例如:The first island is the biggest of the three.第一個(gè)小島是三個(gè)中最大的。
(6)用在形容詞前表示一類人,the +形容詞指的是一群人,是一種復(fù)數(shù)含義,所以其后動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:The old are sick.
3、零冠詞的用法 ,就是不用冠詞的情況。
1) 國(guó)名,人名前通常不用定冠詞:England, Mary;
2) 泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,表示一類人或事物時(shí),可不用定冠詞;
They are teachers. 他們是教師。
3) 抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí),通常不加冠詞;
Failure is the mother of success. 失敗乃成功之母。
4) 物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí),通常不加冠詞,當(dāng)表示特定的意思時(shí),需要加定冠詞;Man cannot live without water. 人離開水就無法生存。
5) 在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、假日、日期、星期等表示時(shí)間的名詞之前,不加冠詞;
We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我們從星期一到星期五都上課。
6) 在三餐、球類運(yùn)動(dòng)和娛樂運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前,不加冠詞;如:have breakfast, play chess
7) 當(dāng)by與火車等交通工具連用,表示一種方式時(shí),中間無冠詞;by bus, by train;
8) 固定短語,如:go to hospital 去醫(yī)院看病;at home, in class,go to bed等。
初中冠詞常見考法
根據(jù)對(duì)冠詞部分全國(guó)各地中考試題的分析可知,冠詞考查主要在單項(xiàng)選擇和完形填空題型之中。冠詞主要考查的有:
1、 不定冠詞、定冠詞和零冠詞的基本用法。
2、 冠詞常見的習(xí)慣搭配用法。
3、 部分物質(zhì)名詞抽象名詞具體化之后的冠詞用法。
4、 冠詞的位置
不定冠詞a用于輔音音素開頭的單詞前,an用于元音音素開頭的單詞前。
典型例題1: ——Tina,could you please play____ piano for me while I’m singing?
——With pleasure.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
解析:表示樂器的名詞前應(yīng)用定冠詞the 。
答案: C
典型例題2: There is ____“h” in the word “hour”,but____“h” doesn’t make a sound.
A . a, a B. a, the C. the, an D. an, the
解析:這是一道很迷惑人的習(xí)題。第一個(gè)空很多學(xué)生認(rèn)為“h”是一個(gè)輔音字母,所以會(huì)填a,但是選擇a 或an,看的是音素,即讀音,而并不是字母本身,“h”是一個(gè)輔音字母,但卻是以元音音素開頭,所以前面應(yīng)用an;第二個(gè)空“h”第二次出現(xiàn),所以用定冠詞 the 。
答案: D
誤區(qū)提醒
不定冠詞a用于輔音音(而不是字母)開頭的單詞前,an用于元音音素(而不是字母)開頭的單詞前,例如上面典型例題2。
冠詞的常見及特殊用法歸納
一,冠詞概述
冠詞是虛詞,它不能單獨(dú)使用.只能附在一個(gè)名詞上說明這個(gè)名詞.冠詞分為不定冠a(an)詞和定冠詞the.不定冠詞一般表示泛指;定冠詞一般表示特指.
二,不定冠詞a(an)的用法
A. 不定冠詞a(an)用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前.a用于輔音字母開始的詞前;an用于元音字母開始的詞前.如:a girl an English book
B. 不定冠詞用來表示類別,指某一類人或某一類事物中的一個(gè)(泛指).如:
His father is a doctor. I work in a middle school in Beijing.
C. 不定冠詞用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,可以表示其全類(泛指).如:
An English teacher teaches the students how to learn English.
三,定冠詞the的用法
?、?表示上文提到過的人或事物.
如:He bought an English-Chinese dictionary this morning. The dictionary is very good.
?、?用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,表示整體或類別.
如:The panda is a rare animal.
此句等于:A panda is a rare animal. = Pandas are rare animals.
?、?用來表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物.
如:the sun, the moon, the sky, the earth, the world
?、?用于表示階級(jí),黨派的名詞前.
如:the Chinese Communist Party , the working class the proletariat 無產(chǎn)階級(jí)
?、?常用于含有普通名詞或形容詞的專有名詞前.
A. 用于許多江海,山脈,群島等名詞前:
The Yellow River The East Sea the Himalayas the Pacific Ocean
B. 用于由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國(guó)名:
The People's Republic of China the United States
C. 用于機(jī)關(guān),團(tuán)體,朝代,時(shí)代,報(bào)刊雜志等名詞前:
the United Nations the State Council the Tang dynasty the People's Daily
the Summer Palace the Peace Hotel the British Museum
?、?用于表示方位的名詞前.
如:the east the southwest the middle the Far East on the left
⑦ 用于樂器名詞前,但漢語拼音的樂器前不用冠詞.
如:play the piano play the violin play erhu
?、?用于復(fù)數(shù)的姓氏前,表示"兩夫婦"或"全家",在此情況下,這類名詞作復(fù)數(shù)對(duì)待.
如:When we got there, the Lius were waiting for us.
The Smiths watch TV every day.
⑨ 用于某些形容詞或過去分詞前,表示一類人或事物.
如:the poor the rich the living the young
the wounded the oppressed the beautiful
?、?用在形容詞的最高級(jí)前或序數(shù)詞前.
如:Shanghai is the biggest city in china.
After the game, the first thing they wanted to do was to take a hot bath.
四,零冠詞用法
?、?表示某一類人或事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前,不用冠詞.
Now people are living a happy life. Trees are planted everywhere.
② 不含普通名詞的專有名詞,表示泛指的物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞前,不用冠詞.
We are studying English. He is leaving for America this year.
It is pleasant to walk in soft snow. Love is always stronger than hatred.
?、?名詞前有指示代詞,物主代詞,不定代詞或名詞所有格修飾,不用冠詞.
I like this picture better. Is that your book
Take their chairs away! I do not have any money on me.
As time went on, Einstein's theory proved to be correct.
④ 季節(jié),月份,星期等名詞前,一般不用冠詞.
She likes spring while I like summer. We have no classes on Saturday.
The Long March started in October 1934.
?、?表示只有一人擔(dān)任的職務(wù),頭銜的名詞前,不用冠詞.
We have elected him our monitor.
?、?三餐飯的名詞前,一般不用冠詞.
When do you have lunch After supper we usually take a walk.
?、?節(jié)假日等名詞前,不用冠詞.
Children all wear their best clothes on National Day.
People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.
注意:在eve后有of短語則要加定冠詞:
on the eve of National Day on the eve of New Year's Day
⑧ 球類和棋類運(yùn)動(dòng)的名詞前,不用冠詞.
play basketball play chess
?、?作表語用表示程度的形容詞最高級(jí)前,不用冠詞.
Your help was most timely. This method is most effective.
注意:如果有比較范圍,形容詞最高級(jí)前必須加定冠詞:
Of all methods, this is the most effective.
⑩ 在某些固定詞組里,名詞前不用冠詞.
on foot by train/ boat / plane… in fact as a matter of fact
in class in church in danger in hospital in town
in bed at home at school at daybreak at sunrise
at dusk at sunset at night at noon go to school
go to class go to bed from morning till night from victory to victory
from door to door
五,注意事項(xiàng)
?、?當(dāng)man作人類講時(shí),用零冠詞. Man will conquer nature.
?、?某些抽象名詞具體化時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞,其前可加a.surprise, fire, joy,
He is a success as a teacher. Long Jing is a famous tea in China.
③ a用于姓氏前表示某個(gè)只知道名字而不不熟悉的人.
A Mr Liu is waiting to see you outside.
?、?在某些句型中可加a
It is a pity that you have missed the chance.
It is a shame / a pleasure / a honour for sb. to do sth.
⑤ word 作消息講時(shí),用零冠詞. Word came that he would go abroad.
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